What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation?

Abstraction allows us to represent complex real world in simplest manner. It is the process of identifying the relevant qualities and behaviors an object should possess; in other words, to represent the necessary feature without representing the background details. Encapsulation is a process of hiding all the internal details of an object from the outside real world. The word "encapsulation", is like "enclosing" into a "capsule". It restricts clients from seeing its internal view where the behavior of the abstraction is implemented. read less

Abstraction and Encapsulation in Java are two important Object oriented programming concept and they are completely different to each other. Encapsulation is a process of binding or wrapping the data and the codes that operates on the data into a single entity. This keeps the data safe from outside interface and misuse. Abstraction is the concept of hiding irrelevant details.In other words make complex system simple by hiding the unnecessary detail from the user. Abstraction is implemented in Java using interface and abstract class while Encapsulation is implemented using private, package-private and protected access modifier. read less

Abstraction refers to hiding details so details are filled while deriving the classes or implementing the abstract methods. The user of the car knows how to drive it not the depth of working of car engine, so car represents an abstract view of its whole machinery. In encapsulation the data remains hidden from external changes directly, as private variables in the class, u cannot access this data outside of the class directly but indirectly through public methods. read less

Focusing on the essential features without including background information means u are going to purchase bike that time u are just asking tell me prize color mileage but u never ask is it bike? moving on road or sky? because that information is already there , no need to ask background information and encapsulation means wrapping of data and its function into single unit means think student no name age and getRecord printRecord in single class. read less

Encapsulation, at least in the OOP sense, is specifically about hiding implementation and state behind an interface. Abstraction is a more general term. It doesn't necessarily have to hide implementation or state, but it tends to do that. I use abstraction to try to express concepts more clearly, and that means putting some implementation, and sometimes state concerns out of view, so I can focus on what I really want to talk about in the code. The purposes are different. To me, abstraction is primarily about expression in code. Encapsulation is a system design strategy. It's about keeping the design details of one entity away from the design thinking that's put into other entities, so that the only means of computation is through interfaces. read less

Encapsulations Encapsulations bind the data with the code that manipulates it and It keeps the data and the code safe. “Mark instance variable as Private ,Mark getters and setter as public” Real Time Example: Every time you log into your email account( GMail, Yahoo, Hotmail or official mail), you have a whole lot of processes taking place in the backend, that you have no control over. So your password, would probably be retrieved in an encyrpted form, verified and only then you are given access. You do not have any control, over how the password is verified, and this keeps it safe from misuse. Technical Example: If a data member is private it means it can only be accessed within the same class. No outside class can access private data member (variable) of other class. However if we setup public getter and setter methods to update (for e.g. void setEmpName(String newValue))and read (for e.g. String getEmpName ()) the private data fields then the outside class can access those private data fields via public methods. This way data can only be accessed by public methods thus making the private fields and their implementation hidden for outside classes. That’s why encapsulation is known as data hiding. Let’s see an example to understand this concept better. public class EncapsDemo{ Mark instance variable as Private private String empName; public String getEmpName(){ return empName; Mark getters and setters as public } public void setEmpName(String newValue){ empName = newValue; } } public class EncapsTest{ public static void main(String args[]){ EncapsDemo obj = new EncapsDemo (); obj.setEmpName("John"); System.out.println("Employee Name: " + obj.getEmpName()); } } Output: Employee Name: John • In above example data member (or data fields) is private which cannot be accessed directly. These fields can be accessed via public methods only. Fields empName made hidden data fields using encapsulation technique of OOPs. Abstraction: Abstraction means providing the essential features without showing its inner details or hiding internal implementation. Making a class in abstract is easy. Put the keyword abstract before the class declaration Real Time Example: You want to make a call to your friend. But After dialing ,How the call connected to your friend?(Here internal implementations details will hide) Technical Example: public abstract class Bank { private int accno; private String name; void display_to_clerk () { System.out.println ("Accno = " + accno); System.out.println ("Name = " + name); } void display_to_manager () { System.out.println ("Accno = " + accno); System.out.println ("Name = " + name); System.out.println ("Loan = " + loan); System.out.println ("Balance = " +balance); } } read less

Abstraction and Encapsulation in Java are two important Object oriented programming concept and they are completely different to each other. Encapsulation is a process of binding or wrapping the data and the codes that operates on the data into a single entity. This keeps the data safe from outside interface and misuse. Abstraction is the concept of hiding irrelevant details.In other words make complex system simple by hiding the unnecessary detail from the user. Abstraction is implemented in Java using interface and abstract class while Encapsulation is implemented using private, package-private and protected access modifier. Abstraction and Encapsulation in Java are two important Object oriented programming concept and they are completely different to each other. Encapsulation is a process of binding or wrapping the data and the codes that operates on the data into a single entity. This keeps the data safe from outside interface and misuse. Abstraction is the concept of hiding irrelevant details.In other words make complex system simple by hiding the unnecessary detail from the user. Abstraction is implemented in Java using interface and abstract class while Encapsulation is implemented using private, package-private and protected access modifier. read less