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Page 13 of 2108
Program to find contiguous intervals of a unique array in Python
Suppose we have a list of unique numbers called nums. We have to find a sorted 2D matrix of numbers where each list represents an inclusive interval summarizing number that are contiguous in nums.So, if the input is like nums = [10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 28, 30], then the output will be [[10, 12], [15, 17], [28, 28], [30, 30]], as in the list [10 to 12], [15 to 17] are contiguous, and 28 and 30 are there, they are represented as [28 to 28] and [30 to 30].To solve this, we will follow these steps−sort the list ...
Read MoreHow to italicize boxplot label in R using ggplot2?
Like every other tool for statistical analysis R does not display the labels of a boxplot in italics, thus if we want to do this, we need to do it manually. In ggplot2, we have a function scale_x_discrete that can be used to change the default font to italic using expression function.Exampleggplot(df,aes(x,y))+geom_boxplot()+scale_x_discrete(labels=expression(italic(Female),italic(Male)))Output
Read MoreHow to replace missing values with median in an R data frame column?
To replace missing values with median, we can use the same trick that is used to replace missing values with mean. For example, if we have a data frame df that contain columns x and y where both of the columns contains some missing values then the missing values can be replaced with median as df$x[is.na(df$x)]
Read MoreHow to change the Y axis limit for boxplot created by using ggplot2 in R?
One of the most important aspects of a boxplot is Y-axis labels because these labels help us to understand the limit of the variable. Since R generate these labels automatically in a good way, we stick with that but we can change that using coord_cartesian function with ylim as shown in the below example.Exampleggplot(df,aes(x,y))+geom_boxplot()+coord_cartesian(ylim=c(290,400))Output
Read MoreHow to replicate whole data frame and add it in the original one in R?
The replicates of a data frame in R can be created with the help of sapply function, to set the number of times we want to repeat the data frame we can use rep.int,times argument. For example, if we have a data frame df and we want to create 5 replicates of df and add them in the original then sapply(df,rep.int,times=5) can be used.Examplesapply(df,rep.int,times=5)Output x1 x2 x3 x4 [1,] 20.84538 9.486324 2.961236 967.9296 [2,] 23.29721 5.344792 3.044849 960.2204 [3,] 20.55978 6.064207 3.005293 1086.9639 [4,] 20.66044 8.436004 2.892010 1029.8222 [5,] 19.81347 9.277129 2.980567 1018.0453 [6,] 20.84538 9.486324 2.961236 967.9296 [7,] 23.29721 5.344792 3.044849 960.2204 [8,] 20.55978 6.064207 3.005293 1086.9639 [9,] 20.66044 8.436004 2.892010 1029.8222 [10,] 19.81347 9.277129 2.980567 1018.0453 [11,] 20.84538 9.486324 2.961236 967.9296 [12,] 23.29721 5.344792 3.044849 960.2204 [13,] 20.55978 6.064207 3.005293 1086.9639 [14,] 20.66044 8.436004 2.892010 1029.8222 [15,] 19.81347 9.277129 2.980567 1018.0453 [16,] 20.84538 9.486324 2.961236 967.9296 [17,] 23.29721 5.344792 3.044849 960.2204 [18,] 20.55978 6.064207 3.005293 1086.9639 [19,] 20.66044 8.436004 2.892010 1029.8222 [20,] 19.81347 9.277129 2.980567 1018.0453 [21,] 20.84538 9.486324 2.961236 967.9296 [22,] 23.29721 5.344792 3.044849 960.2204 [23,] 20.55978 6.064207 3.005293 1086.9639 [24,] 20.66044 8.436004 2.892010 1029.8222 [25,] 19.81347 9.277129 2.980567 1018.0453
Read MoreHow to align the bars of a barplot with the X-axis using ggplot2 in R?
The bar plot is created with geom_bar function but there always exist some space between the bars and the X-axis labels. If we want to reduce that space or completely remove it we need to use scale_y_continuous function by defining expand argument for former and scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0,0)) for latter.Exampleggplot(df,aes(x,y))+geom_bar(stat="identity")+scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0,0))Output
Read MoreHow to highlight text inside a plot created by ggplot2 using a box in R?
There might be many ways to highlight text inside a plot but the easiest one would be using geom_label function of ggplot2 package, with the help of this function we can put the required text and the aesthetics of that text by using a single line of code. It is highly recommended that we should use geom_label function with desired specifications.Examplelibrary(ggplot2) ggplot(df,aes(x))+geom_histogram(bins=30)+geom_label(aes(x=6,y=450,label="Normal Distribution"),fill="red")Output
Read MoreHow to subset a data frame by excluding a specific text value in an R data frame?
To create a subset based on text value we can use rowSums function by defining the sums for the text equal to zero, this will help us to drop all the rows that contains that specific text value. For example, if we have a data frame df that contains A in many columns then all the rows of df excluding A can be selected as−df[rowSums(df=="A")==0, , drop=FALSE]Exampledf[rowSums(df=="E")==0, , drop=FALSE] Output x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 1 A D B C C 2 B D D D D 3 B A D D D 5 C D C C C 10 C ...
Read MoreHow to convert MANOVA data frame for two-dependent variables into a count table in R?
MANOVA refers to multivariate analysis of variance, in this method we have more than one dependent variable and multiple independent variables. We want to compare each level of the independent variable combination for each of the dependent variables. To convert MANOVA data frame for two-dependent variables into a count table, we can use cast function of reshape package but we need to melt the data frame first so that the casting can be done appropriately.ExampleID
Read MoreHow to view the complete output of tibble in R?
Tibbles are created when we analyze data using dplyr package and if the data size is large then only 10 values are printed in R. If we want to display the complete output of tibble then View function needs to be used. For example, if we want to perform calculation of counts then we should add View() at the end of the code with pipe operator.Exampledf%>%group_by(Group,Rating)%>%mutate(count=n())%>%View()Output
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