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Python Articles
Page 825 of 855
Base Overloading Methods in Python
Following table lists some generic functionality that you can override in your own classes −Sr.No.Method, Description & Sample Call1__init__ ( self [,args...] )Constructor (with any optional arguments)Sample Call : obj = className(args)2__del__( self )Destructor, deletes an objectSample Call : del obj3__repr__( self )Evaluable string representationSample Call : repr(obj)4__str__( self )Printable string representationSample Call : str(obj)5__cmp__ ( self, x )Object comparisonSample Call : cmp(obj, x)
Read MoreCreating Classes in Python
The class statement creates a new class definition. The name of the class immediately follows the keyword class followed by a colon as follows −class ClassName: 'Optional class documentation string' class_suiteThe class has a documentation string, which can be accessed via ClassName.__doc__.The class_suite consists of all the component statements defining class members, data attributes and functions.ExampleFollowing is the example of a simple Python class −class Employee: 'Common base class for all employees' empCount = 0 def __init__(self, name, salary): self.name = name self.salary = salary Employee.empCount += 1 def displayCount(self): ...
Read MoreOOP Terminology in Python
Class − A user-defined prototype for an object that defines a set of attributes that characterize any object of the class. The attributes are data members (class variables and instance variables) and methods, accessed via dot notation.Class variable − A variable that is shared by all instances of a class. Class variables are defined within a class but outside any of the class's methods. Class variables are not used as frequently as instance variables are.Data member − A class variable or instance variable that holds data associated with a class and its objects.Function overloading − The assignment of more than ...
Read MoreAutorun a Python script on windows startup?
Appending a Python script to windows start-up basically indicates the python script will run as the windows boots up. This can be accomplished by two step processes -Step #1: Appending or Adding script to windows Startup folderAfter booting up of the windows, it executes (equivalent to double-clicking) all the application present in its startup folder or directory.AddressC:\Users\current_user\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\By default, the AppData directory or folder under the current_user is hidden that enable hidden files to get it and paste the shortcut of the script in the given address or the script itself. Besides this the .PY files default must be set ...
Read MoreBuilt-in Dictionary Functions & Methods in Python
Python includes the following dictionary functions −Sr.NoFunction with Description1cmp(dict1, dict2)Compares elements of both dict.2len(dict)Gives the total length of the dictionary. This would be equal to the number of items in the dictionary.3str(dict)Produces a printable string representation of a dictionary4type(variable)Returns the type of the passed variable. If passed variable is dictionary, then it would return a dictionary type.Python includes following dictionary methods −Sr.NoMethods with Description1dict.clear()Removes all elements of dictionary dict2dict.copy()Returns a shallow copy of dictionary dict3dict.fromkeys()Create a new dictionary with keys from seq and values set to value.4dict.get(key, default=None)For key key, returns value or default if key not in dictionary5dict.has_key(key)Returns true ...
Read MoreBuilt-in Tuple Functions in Python
Python includes the following tuple functions −Sr.NoFunction with Description1cmp(tuple1, tuple2)Compares elements of both tuples.2len(tuple)Gives the total length of the tuple.3max(tuple)Returns item from the tuple with max value.4min(tuple)Returns item from the tuple with min value.5tuple(seq)Converts a list into tuple.
Read MoreBasic Tuples Operations in Python
Tuples respond to the + and * operators much like strings; they mean concatenation and repetition here too, except that the result is a new tuple, not a string.In fact, tuples respond to all of the general sequence operations we used on strings in the prior chapter −Python ExpressionResultsDescriptionlen((1, 2, 3))3Length(1, 2, 3) + (4, 5, 6)(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)Concatenation('Hi!',) * 4('Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!')Repetition3 in (1, 2, 3)TrueMembershipfor x in (1, 2, 3): print x,1 2 3Iteration
Read MoreBuilt-in List Functions & Methods in Python
Python includes the following list functions −Sr.NoFunction with Description1cmp(list1, list2)Compares elements of both lists.2len(list)Gives the total length of the list.p>3max(list)Returns item from the list with max value.4min(list)Returns item from the list with min value.5list(seq)Converts a tuple into list.Python includes following list methodsSr.NoMethods with Description1list.append(obj)Appends object obj to list2list.count(obj)Returns count of how many times obj occurs in list3list.extend(seq)Appends the contents of seq to list4list.index(obj)Returns the lowest index in list that obj appears5list.insert(index, obj)Inserts object obj into list at offset index6list.pop(obj=list[-1])Removes and returns last object or obj from list7list.remove(obj)Removes object obj from list8list.reverse()Reverses objects of list in place9list.sort([func])Sorts objects of list, use ...
Read MoreBasic List Operations in Python
Lists respond to the + and * operators much like strings; they mean concatenation and repetition here too, except that the result is a new list, not a string.In fact, lists respond to all of the general sequence operations we used on strings in the prior chapter.Python ExpressionResultsDescriptionlen([1, 2, 3])3Length[1, 2, 3] + [4, 5, 6][1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]Concatenation['Hi!'] * 4['Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!']Repetition3 in [1, 2, 3]TrueMembershipfor x in [1, 2, 3]: print x,1 2 3Iteration
Read MoreBuilt-in String Methods in Python
Python includes the following built-in methods to manipulate strings −Sr.NoFunction & Description1capitalize()Capitalizes first letter of string2center(width, fillchar)Returns a space-padded string with the original string centered to a total of width columns.3count(str, beg= 0, end=len(string))Counts how many times str occurs in string or in a substring of string if starting index beg and ending index end are given.4decode(encoding='UTF-8', errors='strict')Decodes the string using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults to the default string encoding.5encode(encoding='UTF-8', errors='strict')Returns encoded string version of string; on error, default is to raise a ValueError unless errors is given with 'ignore' or 'replace'.6endswith(suffix, beg=0, end=len(string))Determines if string or ...
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