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Python Articles
Page 807 of 855
How to Pretty print Python dictionary from command line?
You can pretty print a dict in python using the pprint library. The pprint module provides a capability to “pretty-print” arbitrary Python data structures in a form which can be used as input to the interpreter. You can use it as followsExamplea = { 'bar': 22, 'foo': 45 } pprint.pprint(a, width=10)OutputThis will give the output:{'bar': 22, 'foo': 45}As you can see that even this can be unreadable. You can use the json module to actually print it better. For example,Exampleimport json a = { 'bar': 22, 'foo': 45 } print(json.dumps(a, indent=4))OutputThis will give the output:{ "bar": 22, "foo": 45 }
Read MoreHow to create Python dictionary from the value of another dictionary?
You can do this by merging the other dictionary to the first dictionary. In Python 3.5+, you can use the ** operator to unpack a dictionary and combine multiple dictionaries using the following syntax −Syntaxa = {'foo': 125} b = {'bar': "hello"} c = {**a, **b} print(c)OutputThis will give the output −{'foo': 125, 'bar': 'hello'}This is not supported in older versions. You can however replace it using the following similar syntax −Syntaxa = {'foo': 125} b = {'bar': "hello"} c = dict(a, **b) print(c)OutputThis will give the output −{'foo': 125, 'bar': 'hello'}Another thing you can do is using copy and ...
Read MoreHow we can translate Python dictionary into C++?
A python dictionary is a Hashmap. You can use the map data structure in C++ to mimic the behavior of a python dict. You can use map in C++ as follows:#include #include using namespace std; int main(void) { /* Initializer_list constructor */ map m1 = { {'a', 1}, {'b', 2}, {'c', 3}, {'d', 4}, {'e', 5} }; cout
Read MoreHow to sort a Python dictionary by datatype?
You can sort a list of dictionaries by values of the dictionary using the sorted function and passing it a lambda that tells which key to use for sorting. For example, A = [{'name':'john', 'age':45}, {'name':'andi', 'age':23}, {'name':'john', 'age':22}, {'name':'paul', 'age':35}, {'name':'john', 'age':21}] new_A = sorted(A, key=lambda x: x['age']) print(new_A)This will give the output:[{'name': 'john', 'age': 21}, {'name': 'john', 'age': 22}, {'name': 'andi', 'age': 23}, {'name': 'paul', 'age': 35}, {'name': 'john', 'age': 45}]You can also sort it in place using the sort function instead of the sorted function. For example, A ...
Read MoreHow to sort a nested Python dictionary?
If you have a dictionary of the following format:{ 'KEY1':{'name':'foo', 'data':1351, 'completed':100}, 'KEY2':{'name':'bar', 'data':1541, 'completed':12}, 'KEY3':{'name':'baz', 'data':58413, 'completed':18} }And you want to sort by the key, completed within each entry, in a ascending order, you can use the sorted function with a lambda that specifies which key to use to sort the data. For example, my_collection = { 'KEY1':{'name':'foo', 'data':1351, 'completed':100}, 'KEY2':{'name':'bar', 'data':1541, 'completed':12}, 'KEY3':{'name':'baz', 'data':58413, 'completed':18} } sorted_keys = sorted(my_collection, key=lambda x: (my_collection[x]['completed'])) print(sorted_keys)This will give the output:['KEY2', 'KEY3', 'KEY1']
Read MoreHow to retrieve cookies in Python CGI Programming?
Retrieving CookiesIt is very easy to retrieve all the set cookies. Cookies are stored in CGI environment variable HTTP_COOKIE and they will have following form −key1 = value1;key2 = value2;key3 = value3....Here is an example of how to retrieve cookies.#!/usr/bin/python # Import modules for CGI handling from os import environ import cgi, cgitb if environ.has_key('HTTP_COOKIE'): for cookie in map(strip, split(environ['HTTP_COOKIE'], ';')): (key, value ) = split(cookie, '='); if key == "UserID": user_id = value ...
Read MoreWhat is the difference between GET and POST in Python CGI Programming?
GET and POST MethodsYou must have come across many situations when you need to pass some information from your browser to web server and ultimately to your CGI Program. Most frequently, browser uses two methods two pass this information to web server. These methods are GET Method and POST Method.Passing Information using GET methodThe GET method sends the encoded user information appended to the page request. The page and the encoded information are separated by the ? character as follows −http://www.test.com/cgi-bin/hello.py?key1=value1&key2=value2The GET method is the default method to pass information from browser to web server and it produces a long ...
Read MoreWhat are important HTTP headers to be frequently used in Python CGI Programming?
HTTP HeaderThe line Content-type:text/html\r\r is part of HTTP header which is sent to the browser to understand the content. All the HTTP header will be in the following form −HTTP Field Name − Field ContentFor ExampleContent-type − text/html\r\rThere are few other important HTTP headers, which we will use frequently in our CGI Programming. Sr.No.HeaderDescription1Content-type:A MIME string defining the format of the file being returned. Example is Content-type:text/html2Expires: DateThe date the information becomes invalid. It is used by the browser to decide when a page needs to be refreshed. A valid date string is in the format 01 Jan 1998 ...
Read MoreHow to pass Text Area Data to Python CGI script?
Passing Text Area Data to CGI ProgramTEXTAREA element is used when multiline text has to be passed to the CGI Program.Here is example HTML code for a form with a TEXTAREA box − Type your text here... The result of this code is the following form −Type your text here... SubmitBelow is textarea.cgi script to handle input given by web browser −#!/usr/bin/python # Import modules for CGI handling import cgi, cgitb # Create instance of FieldStorage form = cgi.FieldStorage() # Get data from fields if form.getvalue('textcontent'): text_content = form.getvalue('textcontent') else: text_content = "Not entered" print ...
Read MoreHow to pass Radio Button Data to Python CGI script?
Passing Radio Button Data to CGI ProgramRadio Buttons are used when only one option is required to be selected.Here is example HTML code for a form with two radio buttons − Maths Physics The result of this code is the following form − Maths Physics Select SubjectBelow is radiobutton.py script to handle input given by web browser for radio button −#!/usr/bin/python # Import modules for CGI handling import cgi, cgitb # Create instance of FieldStorage form = cgi.FieldStorage() # Get data from fields if form.getvalue('subject'): subject = form.getvalue('subject') else: subject ...
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