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Programming Articles
Page 20 of 2546
PHP floor() Function
Definition and UsageThe floor() function is another in-built function in PHP iterpreter. This function accepts any float number as argument and rounds it down to the next lowest integer.This function always returns a float number as range of float is bigger than that of integer.Syntaxfloor ( float $num ) : floatParametersSr.NoParameter & Description1numThe number to be rounded down.Return ValuesPHP floor() function returns the largest integer less than or equal to given parameter.PHP VersionThis function is available in PHP versions 4.x, PHP 5.x as well as PHP 7.x.ExampleOutputThis will produce following result −floor(-3.95) = -4
Read MorePHP getrandmax() Function
Definition and UsageThe getrandmax() function returns largest integer that can be used in PHP. Value returned by this function serves as the upper limit for rand() function to generate random number.This function always returns an integer.Syntaxgetrandmax ( void ) : intParametersSr.NoParameter & Description1This function needs no parametersReturn ValuesPHP getrandmax() function returns largest possible integer that can be used in PHP. On 64 bit Windows, the number is 2147483647PHP VersionThis function is available in PHP versions 4.x, PHP 5.x as well as PHP 7.x.ExampleOutputThis may produce following result (it being a random number, it is more likely to return different number ...
Read MorePHP hexdec() Function
Definition and UsageThe hexdec() function returns a decimal number equivalent of a hexadecimal number embedded in a string.This function returns a a decimal integer, though larger values may result in floats.Syntaxhexdec ( string $hex_string ) : numberParametersSr.NoParameter & Description1hex_stringA decimal number to be converted in equivalent octal representationReturn ValuesPHP hexdec() function returns a decimal number.PHP VersionThis function is available in PHP versions 4.x, PHP 5.x as well as PHP 7.x.ExampleOutputThis will produce following result −hexdec(-10) = 16
Read MoreHow to extract the factor levels from factor column in an R data frame?
To extract the factor levels from factor column, we can simply use levels function. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains a factor column defined with x then the levels of factor levels in x can be extracted by using the command levels(df$x). This extraction is helpful if we have a large number of levels.Example1x2
Read MorePHP is_nan() Function
Definition and UsageNAN stands for "Not A Number". The is_nan() function checks whether its argument is not a number.Syntaxis_nan ( float $val ) : bool ParametersSr.NoParameter & Description1valThe value to be verified if infinite or notReturn ValuesPHP is_nan() function returns TRUE if val is "not a number", otherwise it returns FALSE.PHP VersionThis function is available in PHP versions 4.x, PHP 5.x as well as PHP 7.x.ExampleOutputThis will produce following result −float(NAN) bool(true)
Read MoreHow to create bar chart based on two groups in an R data frame?
To create a bar chart based on two groups, we can use geom_bar function of ggplot2 package with position argument that defines the position of the groups. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains two categorical variable x1 and x2 and the one response variable y then the bar chart can be created by using the below command −ggplot(df,aes(x1,y,fill=x2))+geom_bar(position=position_dodge(),stat="identity")Examplelibrary(ggplot2) ggplot(df,aes(Age_Group,Y,fill=Gender))+geom_bar(position=position_dodge(),stat="identity")Output
Read MorePHP lcg_value() Function
Definition and UsageThe lcg_value() function generates a random number between 0 and 1.LCG stands for linear congruential generator. This generator generates a sequence of pseudo-randomized numbers calculated with a discontinuous piecewise linear equation. This is one of the oldest pseudorandom number generator algorithmsSyntaxlcg_value ( void ) : floatParametersReturn ValuesPHP lcg_value() function returns a pseudo random float value between 0.0 and 1.0, inclusive.PHP VersionThis function is available in PHP versions 4.x, PHP 5.x as well as PHP 7.x.ExampleOutputThis may produce following result −lcg_value() = 0.45920201711279 lcg_value() = 0.18118693614628
Read MoreHow to split a Java String into tokens with StringTokenizer?
The hasMoreTokens() method is used to test if there are more tokens available from this tokenizer's string.Exampleimport java.util.*; public class StringTokenizerDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { // creating string tokenizer StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer("Come to learn"); // checking elements while (st.hasMoreElements()) { System.out.println("Next element : " + st.nextElement()); } } }OutputNext element : Come Next element : to Next element : learn
Read MoreHow to check if a String contains another String in a case insensitive manner in Java?
One way to do it to convert both strings to lower or upper case using toLowerCase() or toUpperCase() methods and test.Examplepublic class Sample { public static void main(String args[]){ String str = "Hello how are you welcome to Tutorialspoint"; String test = "tutorialspoint"; Boolean bool = str.toLowerCase().contains(test.toLowerCase()); System.out.println(bool); } }Outputtrue
Read MoreWrite a java program to tOGGLE each word in string?
You can change the cases of the letters of a word using toUpperCase() and toLowerCase() methods.Split each word in the string using the split() method, change the first letter of each word to lower case and remaining letters to upper case.Examplepublic class Sample{ public static void main(String args[]){ String sample = "Hello How are you"; String[] words = sample.split(" "); String result = ""; for(String word:words){ String firstSub = word.substring(0, 1); String secondSub = word.substring(1); result = result+firstSub.toLowerCase()+secondSub.toUpperCase()+" "; } System.out.println(result); } }OutputhELLO hOW aRE yOU
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