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04: Java OOP vs FP – Builder Pattern

Current Balance = Initial Amounts + Credits – Debits OOP approach using the builder design pattern Creating a constructor to take three BigDecimal values is NOT only readable, but also prone to errors as you can inadvertently supply the debit value instead of the credit value, … Read more ›...

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04: Java primitives & objects memory consumption

Q1. How much memory space does a primitive type int occupy in Java? A1. 4 bytes. Q2. Java objects get stored in the heap memory space, but how about the primitive variables? A2. … Read more ›...

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04: Q18 Explain abstraction, encapsulation, Inheritance, and polymorphism with the given Java code?

Q18. Given code:

List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Java");
list.add("JEE");

List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

list.add("Java");

list.add("JEE");

A18. Firstly, let’s take abstraction and encapsulation as the difference is subtle. Abstraction is often not possible without encapsulation because if a class exposes its internal state, it can’t change its inner workings.

…

04: Top 10 most common Core Java beginner mistakes

Mistake #1: Using floating point data types like float or double for monetary calculations. This can lead to rounding issues.

package com.monetary;
import java.math.BigDecimal;

public class MonetaryCalc {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      System.out.println(1.05 - 0.42); //1:  $0.6300000000000001
       //2: $0.63
      System.out.println(new BigDecimal("1.05") .subtract(new BigDecimal("0.42")));
      //3: $0.630000000000000059952043329758453182876110076904296875
      System.out.println(new BigDecimal(1.05) .subtract(new BigDecimal(0.42)));
      //4: $0.63
      System.out.println(BigDecimal.valueOf(1.05) .subtract(BigDecimal.valueOf(0.42)));
      System.out.println(105 - 42); //5: 63 cents
   }
}

package com.monetary;

import java.math.BigDecimal;

public class MonetaryCalc {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println(1.05 - 0.42); //1: $0.6300000000000001

//2: $0.63

System.out.println(new BigDecimal("1.05") .subtract(new BigDecimal("0.42")));

//3: $0.630000000000000059952043329758453182876110076904296875

System.out.println(new BigDecimal(1.05) .subtract(new BigDecimal(0.42)));

//4: $0.63

System.out.println(BigDecimal.valueOf(1.05) .subtract(BigDecimal.valueOf(0.42)));

System.out.println(105 - 42); //5: 63 cents

}

In the above code, 2, 4, and 5 are correct and 1 and 3 are incorrect usage leading to rounding issues.

…

04b: 6 Java FP partial functions & currying interview Q&As

Q1. The “java.util.function” package only have “Function<T,R“, which takes an input and returns an output, and “BiFunction<T,U,R>“, which takes two inputs and returns an output. How would you then use a function with 3 or more input arguments? A1. … Read more ›...

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05: 4 Sorting objects in Java interview Q&As

Sorting objects in Java interview Q&As especially understanding Comparable & Comparator interfaces in Java for natural & custom sorting respectively. Q1. If I mention the interface names Comparable or Comparator, what does come to your mind? … Read more ›...

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05: 9 Java Functional programming examples in wrangling normal & big data

This post extends Transforming your thinking from OOP to FP. In Big-data, functional programming is prevalent when working with data sets. For example, writing a Spark job to work with RDDs (Resilient Distributed Data sets). In Imperative (E.g. OOP, procedural programming, etc) programming you can say

x = x + 5
y = x + y

x = x + 5

y = x + y

where you are...

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05: 9 Java multithreading Q&As on concepts like blocking, sequencing, preempting, time slicing & daemon threads

Java multithreading Q&As on concepts like blocking, and debugging blocked threads. How do you sequence threads? what do you understand by the term preemptive scheduling? Q1. What are the different ways a Java thread gets blocked or suspended? How will you debug Java threading issues? A1. … Read more ›...

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05: Finding the 2nd highest number in an array in Java

Requirements gathering

Does the array allow duplicates?
If duplicates are allowed, then do you need to report duplicates? For example, in {2,4, 6, 3, 6, 5}, is 6 or 5 the second highest?

Analysis

If duplicates are not allowed, sort the array (Arrays.sort(…)) and get the second last element,

…

05: Java Date and Time Interview Q&As

Q1. What is wrong with old Java.util.Date & java.util.Calendar/java.sql.* APIs and why should joda-time & Java 8 libraries favored? A1. Old Java.util.Date & java.util.Calendar/java.sql.* -> Joda-Time (Pre Java 8) -> Java 8 Date/Time java.util.Date, … Read more ›...

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05: Java OOP vs FP – Handling unchecked exceptions

int result = input / divideBy will throw an unchecked exception if divideBy = 0. OOP error handling by throwing exceptions In OOP errors are handled by throwing & catching exceptions. Here is a very simple OOP example. Step 1: Define an interface. … Read more ›...

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05: Overloaded methods Vs Generic methods in Java with JD-GUI & javap to look under the covers

In an earlier post we looked at Understanding Overriding, Hiding, and Overloading in Java?. We also discussed how “method overriding” gives polymorphism. In this post, let’s see how a “generic method” can replace a number of overloaded methods. Then see under the hood as to what happens to the compiled...

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05: Q19-Q24 How to create a well designed Java application?

A software application is built by coupling various classes, modules, and components. Without coupling, you can’t build a software system. But, the software applications are always subject to changes and enhancements. So, you need to build your applications such a way that they can not only adapt to growing requirements,...

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Blog Archives

04: Java OOP vs FP – Builder Pattern

04: Java primitives & objects memory consumption

04: Q18 Explain abstraction, encapsulation, Inheritance, and polymorphism with the given Java code?

04: Top 10 most common Core Java beginner mistakes

04b: 6 Java FP partial functions & currying interview Q&As

05: 4 Sorting objects in Java interview Q&As

05: 9 Java Functional programming examples in wrangling normal & big data

05: 9 Java multithreading Q&As on concepts like blocking, sequencing, preempting, time slicing & daemon threads

05: Finding the 2nd highest number in an array in Java

05: Java Date and Time Interview Q&As

05: Java OOP vs FP – Handling unchecked exceptions

05: Overloaded methods Vs Generic methods in Java with JD-GUI & javap to look under the covers

05: Q19-Q24 How to create a well designed Java application?

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