State of the
Sector Report

2025

Scaling Canada’s Impact Investing in Emerging Markets & Developing Economies

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Since 2019, CAFIID’s State of the Sector Reports have tracked the evolution of Canada's impact investing in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). The 2019 report coincided with major milestones, including the creation of FinDev Canada, the launch of the 2X Challenge on gender-lens investing, and the introduction of the International Finance Corporation's Operating Principles for Impact Management. Global Affairs Canada (GAC) also introduced blended-finance mechanisms through the Equality Fund and the International Assistance Innovation Program.

The 2025 State of the Sector Report provides an updated snapshot of Canada's impact investing activity in EMDEs, highlighting key trends, gaps, and growth opportunities. It identifies barriers and practical actions needed to mobilize more private capital, strengthen the ecosystem, and build bridges between Canadian investors and emerging market opportunities. 

By reducing barriers and building bridges, the report also informs CAFIID's future programming and partnerships, while urging policymakers, investors, and other ecosystem actors to collaborate through CAFIID to amplify Canada's global impact and accelerate progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals.


Sector Growth

Impact investing in Canada has moved from the margins to the mainstream. With more investors integrating ESG and impact principles into their core mandates, a growing community of Canadian institutions is channelling capital to EMDEs, accelerating climate action, gender equality, and inclusive economic growth.

A doubling of assets under management since 2019

In 2024, members of the Canada Forum for Impact Investment and Development (CAFIID) reported managing an estimated CAD 4.6 billion in assets directed toward impact investments in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs), a 114 percent increase since 2019, representing a 13 percent compound annual growth rate (CAGR). This milestone signals the growing maturity of Canada’s impact-investing ecosystem and its alignment with global efforts to advance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the mobilization of private capital.

Latin America remains the region receiving the largest share of investment

In terms of assets under management, Latin America is where there has been the greatest amount of investment representing 46 percent of the total AUM. While an equal number of members invested in Africa, the region accounted for a smaller share at 34 percent of AUM. Asia ranked third. These results mirror the findings of the 2021 report.

For Canada, scaling private capital flows to EMDEs is both a moral imperative and a strategic opportunity

Mobilizing even 1 percent of Canadian institutional assets toward well-structured impact investments could unlock over CAD 200 billion in development finance.

We don’t want folks to believe that you can suddenly cut aid and then impact investing will solve all of our development challenges. It will not. But it is an opportunity globally as well as domestically to mobilize new capital to advance our national and global goals.
— Adam Spence, CEO, SVX

The Emerging Opportunity of EMDE Investment for Private Capital

Emerging Markets and Developing Economies are now positioned as the primary engines of global growth and investment opportunities.

  • EMDEs are expected to play a crucial role in shaping the global economy, according to S&P Global, which estimates that they will contribute approximately 65% of global economic growth by 2035.

  • Nine key EMDEs are projected to rank among the 20 largest economies.

  • The proportion of emerging economies in which per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is likely to grow faster than the US is on course to surge from 48 percent over the past 5 years to 88 percent in the next five.

  • Evidence continues to grow that impact investing in EMDEs can offer both competitive financial returns and meaningful social and environmental outcomes.

The Misperception of Risk

Despite growing global enthusiasm for aligning capital with sustainable development outcomes, persistent misperceptions of risk continue to constrain investment flows to EMDEs.

Encouraging Greater Private Sector Engagement

Mobilizing capital from institutional investors is essential to scaling Canada's impact investing ambitions and strengthening its global influence. Together, Canadian pension funds alone control more than CAD 3.29 trillion in assets, an amount that far exceeds the combined resources of ODA, philanthropy, and qualified private investors. Even modest allocations from these institutions could help close the multi-trillion-dollar global financing gap needed to achieve the UN SDGs.

  • Institutional investors’ long-term horizons make them particularly well-suited to impact investing. 

  • Institutional investors, including pension funds, insurers, sovereign wealth funds, and endowments, each have distinct mandates and risk appetites that shape their investment strategies, which can align with EMDE opportunities. 

  • Capital preservation and liability matching are paramount for pensions and insurers, driving demand for fixed income, infrastructure, and other long-duration assets that deliver steady cash flows. 

  • Despite their vast influence, global institutional investors remain underexposed to EMDEs. 

  • For Canada, aligning fiduciary responsibilities with sustainable development priorities is not merely a moral proposition; it is a strategic one. 

  • Supporting this shift will require Canada to draw on lessons from other jurisdictions, particularly Europe.

The Increase in Public Investment in EMDEs and the Need for Greater Leverage

Since the 2021 State of the Sector Report, the Government of Canada has increasingly embraced innovative finance and impact investing as core instruments of international development policy. What began as a pilot phase through the International Assistance Innovation Program (IAIP) and early catalytic initiatives has evolved into a more strategic and coordinated effort to mobilize private capital at scale.

From Ambition to Action: FinDev Canada’s Role in Advancing Canada’s Development Priorities

With traditional aid under pressure, Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) like FinDev Canada play a critical role in mobilizing private capital for development. As Canada’s bilateral DFI, FinDev Canada complements Canada’s international development efforts by engaging the private sector to deliver measurable impact in emerging markets and developing economies.

  • The current portfolio exceeds CAD 2 billion and is projected to reach more than CAD 4.8 billion by 2030. To support this growth, FinDev Canada is expanding its footprint outside Canada, with a new office in Singapore (2025) and a planned South Africa hub (2026).

  • FinDev Canada’s impact performance underscores its catalytic role: 64.5 percent of its portfolio is 2X-aligned, supporting women employment, leadership and women-owned MSMEs; 35 percent of investments qualify as climate finance. 

  • The Government of Canada announced a CAD 700 million concessional capital commitment focussed on private capital mobilisation. The facility’s first investment supports GAIA, a USD 1.48 billion platform for climate adaptation across up to 25 EMDEs, launched with MUFG and the Green Climate Fund.  

  • Through its Technical Assistance Facility, funded by Global Affairs Canada, FinDev Canada helps clients and market actors to deepen impact, strengthen business practices and build inclusive ecosystems. By the end of 2024, it had committed its initial CAD 3.9 million across 31 projects, focusing on gender (68%), climate (32%), business performance (52%) and data (29%).

Even in a challenging global context, we still have momentum— and a community that believes in doing the right thing.
The private sector isn’t just one thing. What appeals to a pension fund is not going to appeal to an entrepreneur—and that’s okay. Everything needs to be done; it’s not a zero‑sum game.
— Lori Kerr, CEO, FinDev Canada

Global Affairs Canada and the International Assistance Innovation Program

The International Assistance Innovation Program (IAIP) is Global Affairs Canada’s flagship vehicle for testing and scaling new approaches to development finance. It was created to move beyond traditional grants toward a model that mobilizes private capital and local enterprise for sustainable development outcomes.

  • Between 2021 and 2024, GAC’s total lending through repayable contributions grew from CAD 636 million to CAD 849 million CAD, a 33 percent increase. Within this, Unconditionally Repayable Contributions (URCs) expanded from CAD 624 million to CAD 768 million, while Conditionally Repayable Contributions (CRCs) rose sixfold from CAD 12.5 million to CAD 81 million.

  • Looking ahead, GAC’s IAIP will continue to scale its use of repayable instruments and blended structures, with emphasis on local capital mobilization and institutional investor engagement.

  • The 2025 Seville Financing for Development outcome document marks the first consensus between developed and developing countries, recognizing blended finance and private-capital mobilization as core to future development finance. These common principles aim to define clear standards for transparency, additionality, and impact measurement in blended finance, cementing Canada’s commitment to making private capital mobilization a central pillar of its sustainable development strategy. 

You cannot think about any kind of economic development or social or physical infrastructure investment without considering blended finance and impact investing… it’s not only normalized, it is required.
— Patricia Peña, Associate Assistant Deputy Minister, Global Affairs Canada

Key Thematic Trends

The research reveals an ecosystem entering a new phase of maturity: climate and gender lenses are deeply embedded; local domiciliation and pipeline development are priorities; and awareness of impact investing has evolved from a niche curiosity to an institutional practice.

Climate Finance

Climate and nature considerations have become central investment drivers. Through green bonds, sovereign loans, and debt-for-nature swaps, Canadian investors are advancing mitigation and adaptation goals while generating social and economic co-benefits.

Climate has been the biggest trend in impact investing. It makes sense because there’s a clear value proposition and it’s easier to work out the risk return ratio.
— Elizabeth Boggs-Davidsen, CEO GSG Impact

Gender Equality

Two-thirds of members apply gender-lens criteria, making gender intentionality a hallmark of Canadian leadership and a driver of inclusive business performance.


Impact Measurement and Management

Impact Measurement and Management (IMM) has evolved from compliance to strategy, with Canadian funds aligning with global standards, such as the SDG Impact Standards and the Operating Principles for Impact Management.

CAFIID’s State of the Sector report captures a turning point for impact investing, with Canada’s ecosystem demonstrating a clear commitment to stronger global impact and clearer action. UNDP looks forward to continuing its partnerships with CAFIID and its members to build on this report and translate this aligned vision into stronger global impact practices and measurable SDG progress—through the ImpactWorks Alliance and beyond.
— Dr. Şebnem Şener, Head of Private Finance, Sustainable Finance Hub, UNDP

Artificial Intelligence

Early pilots in AI-driven impact analytics and portfolio management reveal potential efficiency gains—but also underscore the need for robust ethical and governance frameworks.

Local Domiciliation

Establishing and managing funds within the countries or regions where investments occur builds trust, accountability, and long-term market infrastructure. It helps nurture local fund-management talent, strengthens oversight bodies, and creates clearer channels for domestic pension and insurance capital to participate in impact finance. Mobilizing global capital is not enough unless local ecosystems can retain and recirculate it, complementing it with local resources.

At MEDA, domiciliation is essential for a resilient, inclusive investment ecosystem. Anchoring capital where entrepreneurs work retains value, increases it multiplier effect, strengthens intermediaries and delivers context-aware finance, creates a virtuous cycle where local expertise, local currency, and national oversight deepens markets and enables impact that endures
— Dorothy Nyambi, President and CEO, MEDA

Growing Awareness and Normalization of Impact Investing

Nearly every conversation reflected a cultural shift: impact investing is no longer viewed as experimental or peripheral. Participants called for more storytelling and evidence-sharing to translate this momentum into mainstream capital mobilization, especially among institutional investors still constrained by conservative fiduciary interpretations and limited EMDE exposure.



..what we see, at least in the Netherlands, we see a very big change in the mindset of institutional investors, shifting from the why should we be doing impact investing to the how are we going to do that. And the origin of that shift is in consultation with clients
— Laure Wessemius-Chibrac, Managing Director of the Dutch NAB

Engaging Emerging Leaders in Impact Investing

CAFIID has been strengthening efforts to engage the next generation of impact investors through student memberships, professional development and closer ties with academia. Canadian youth are increasingly seeing capital not just as a tool for returns, but as a lever to drive social and environmental change.

The idea of directing capital toward businesses that are both financially sustainable and purpose-driven has great appeal for me.
Looking ahead, I see my generation playing a key role in shaping the future of impact investing. With a solid education in financial systems, we approach investing differently from prior generations. We are willing to take more risks and are eager to start investing early, even in small amounts.
— Mariapaz Pajares: CAFIID Intern; MBA, McGill University; Co-Founder & Director of Operations, Sustainability Academic Network
Sustainability is a core expectation for us, not an optional add-on. As our generation’s wealth grows, we have the potential to influence capital markets toward greater support for climate resilience, equity, and long-term social value. Opportunities in emerging economies are attractive because our capital can directly support vital climate projects that underpin local and global financial market performance.
— Sonia Vinogradova: CAFIID Student Member; University of Ottawa, Msc. Environmental Sustainability; Founder, Greenback Revolution

Breaking Down Barriers to Scaling Canadian Impact Investing in EMDEs

Despite strong foundations, three interlocking barriers continue to limit private-sector participation at scale

Canadian laws permit consideration of impact but lack clear guidance, resulting in conservative interpretations that discourage EMDE allocations.

Deal fragmentation, small transaction sizes, and limited data transparency make it challenging for institutional investors to match their size and liquidity needs.

Outdated risk perceptions and limited market intelligence suppress appetite for EMDE exposure despite competitive returns.

Building the Bridges to Strengthen Canadian Coordination and Global Leadership

For over 15 years, Sarona has worked to mobilize private investment for positive impact. Supporting CAFIID’s State of the Sector Report reflects our belief that shared insight and collaboration are essential to advancing Canada’s role in building inclusive, sustainable economies around the world.
— Serge LeVert-Chiasson, Managing Partner, Sarona Asset Management

Closing the SDG Financing Gap: A Canadian Call to Action

To close the SDG financing gap and strengthen Canada’s global leadership, the 2025 report calls for coordinated action across five constituencies:

Government of Canada

  • Scale impact investing through FinDev Canada and GAC

  • Reform regulatory and fiscal policies (Income Tax Act, RRSP eligibility)

  • Establish an international impact-investment wholesaler

  • Encourage a greater focus on innovative finance amongst multilateral institutions

Institutional Investors

  • Recognize impact as part of fiduciary duty

  • Pilot EMDE allocations using blended structures

  • Invest in staff capacity and data analytics

Ecosystem Builders

  • Foster transparency, shared learning, and standardized metrics to reduce fragmentation.

CAFIID and Members

  • Continue advocacy, expand Communities of Practice and connect Canadian investors with GSG National Partners in EMDEs.

Individual Canadians

  • Demand impact products from banks, pension funds, and advisors, signalling that profit and purpose must go hand in hand.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Canada Forum for Impact Investment and Development (CAFIID) is a community of individuals, organizations, and investors who treat positive social and environmental impact and financial return as co-existing priorities. CAFIID members combine many years of collaboration and engagement with a track record of innovation in structuring impact investment products, delivering technical assistance, and promoting sustainable investment ecosystems in emerging markets and developing economies.

CAFIID Report Research Team

  • Susanne Courtney, Journalist: Editor & Co-Author

  • Aysha Dawood, CAFIID Director of Programs & Operations: Project Manager & Co-Author

  • Patrick Hergt, CAFIID Board Vice Chair: Co-Author

  • Lindsay Wallace, CAFIID Board Chair: Editor & Co-Author

  • Ladin Akkaymak, CAFIID Thought Leadership Committee: Co-Author - Artificial Intelligence

  • Carolyn Burns,  CAFIID Director and Gender Lens Investing Community of Practice Steering Committee: Co-Author - Gender Lens Investing

  • Rob Friberg, CAFIID Member: Co-Author - Climate Finance and Impact Measurement and Management

  • Kazi Ishrat Jahan, CAFIID Director and Gender Lens Investing Community of Practice Steering Committee: Co-Author - Gender Lens Investing

  • Kiana Mirshahi, CAFIID Intern: Co-Author - Artificial Intelligence

  • Mariapaz Pajares, CAFIID Intern: Data and Research Coordinator

Report Sponsors

As a volunteer-led organization, this Report would not have been possible without the generous financial and in-kind support of the following organizations: