{"id":11217,"date":"2015-06-04T13:31:50","date_gmt":"2015-06-04T17:31:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/webdevstudios.com\/?p=11217"},"modified":"2024-04-15T12:04:08","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T16:04:08","slug":"lesson-learned-php-memory-limits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webdevstudios.com\/2015\/06\/04\/lesson-learned-php-memory-limits\/","title":{"rendered":"Lesson Learned: PHP Memory Limits"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"intro\">If there is one thing I really love to do, it&#8217;s migrations. While the requirements for a migration vary from project to project, the purpose is generally the same: Get data from point A to point B in a reasonable amount of time, and automate it as much as possible. It wasn&#8217;t until a few weeks ago that I realized I hadn&#8217;t ever recognized the impact of full-on\u00a0automation, and the implications of forgetting about PHP&#8217;s memory.<\/div>\n<div class=\"intro\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"intro\">In this post, I&#8217;m going to try and give you some insight on what goes into a migration, the memory implications, and hopefully you can learn from my forgetfulness!<\/div>\n<p><!--more--><br \/>\nFor those of you who don&#8217;t know what goes into\u00a0a migration, let me give you a little insight. You might be saying to yourself, &#8220;Getting data from one point to another should be easy!&#8221; and you would be partly right. It&#8217;s not the moving of data that makes it difficult; WordPress has a vast number of utilitarian methods to do drop data into its database. To name a few well-known methods&#8230;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/Function_Reference\/wp_insert_post\">wp_insert_post()<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/Function_Reference\/download_url\">download_url()<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/Function_Reference\/wp_insert_attachment\">wp_insert_attachment()<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codex.wordpress.org\/Function_Reference\/wp_set_object_terms\">wp_set_object_terms()<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And more!<\/p>\n<p>However, the challenging portion of a migration is ensuring the data you get is readable\u00a0by PHP and that you can walk through it and import it properly into WordPress. These days, you&#8217;ll often see REST API&#8217;s which use JSON or XML format. Before that, CSV was more common (and is still sometimes used today).<\/p>\n<h3>Walking Through Things &#8211; Recursion<\/h3>\n<p>The first and most formidable weapon in any migration\u00a0is recursion. Recursion is the ability to loop over a result set and perform actions for each result, or set of results. With a JSON feed, it&#8217;s simple&#8211;grab your feed data, <code>json_decode()<\/code> the feed, and then use <code>foreach()<\/code> loop over each object handling it accordingly. With\u00a0regular JSON result set, this is never a problem; feeds usually come in less than 1MB sizes, and in some rare cases you may have feeds which exceed 10MB in size.<\/p>\n<h4>Where I Faltered<\/h4>\n<p>As I said, small files aren&#8217;t a problem when you are decoding JSON data; it is the large files that get you. Of course, that is entirely dependent on the size of your PHP application. In this migration script I was working on, I was getting information in the following manner:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><code>wp_remote_get()<\/code> to grab JSON feed<\/li>\n<li><code>json_decode()<\/code> to put the feed into an array<\/li>\n<li>Use custom recursion method to walk through the data and import it into WordPress<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Looks pretty straightforward, right? For small files, yes, it is.<\/p>\n<p>The problem is that the file wasn&#8217;t small, rather it was one of those\u00a0rare 100MB+ JSON files with no paging whatsoever. While not entirely evident at the time, the main problem was found in points #1 and #2.<\/p>\n<h4>Memory Management<\/h4>\n<p>With <code>wp_remote_get()<\/code> you receive an array of results from the HTTP request, which is stored in memory. \u00a0When you <code>json_decode()<\/code>, that variable is stored in memory. Anything you assign a variable to\u00a0is allocated to memory. When you initialize a class, it&#8217;s stored in memory, so this means you MUST be careful on what you store, and don&#8217;t blindly hold onto variables.<\/p>\n<p>The simplest and most effective method is to <code>unset()<\/code> variables when you&#8217;re finished with them. For arrays, you can use <code>array_shift()<\/code> to clean up the array while you walk through it, progressively lessening the memory footprint in your loops.<\/p>\n<h4>Dealing with HUGE JSON files<\/h4>\n<p>When dealing with JSON files, <code>json_decode()<\/code> will only get you so far. When you reach the large file-sizes like I have, \u00a0you need another solution. Streaming is the obvious choice&#8211;this is the act of parsing a JSON file either line-by-line or character-by-character.<\/p>\n<p>For this, I have to give a huge shout-out to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/janeklb\">Janek Lasocki-Biczysko on GitHub<\/a> for the <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/janeklb\/JSONCharInputReader\">JSON Character Input Reader<\/a>. This nifty little script reads the JSON file character-by-character and allows you to parse each object individually, instead of the entire file at once, which prevents the need to load the entire file into memory.<\/p>\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p><strong>DO NOT<\/strong> load a 100MB+ file into memory with <code>json_decode()<\/code>. Watch your loops and make sure you are cleaning up after yourself. Use <code>unset()<\/code> when you&#8217;re finished with the variable, or you&#8217;ve moved the data to another variable. Above all, if you&#8217;re ever curious about how much memory your loop is using, drop a <code>memory_get_usage()<\/code> method in there.<\/p>\n<p>If you have some extra advice for PHP memory management, by all means do share.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If there is one thing I really love to do, it&#8217;s migrations. While the requirements for a migration vary from project to project, the purpose is generally the same: Get data from point A to point B in a reasonable amount of time, and automate it as much as possible. It wasn&#8217;t until a few <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/webdevstudios.com\/2015\/06\/04\/lesson-learned-php-memory-limits\/\">Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> Lesson Learned: PHP Memory Limits<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":11337,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[140,141],"tags":[597,400,598],"coauthors":[2798],"class_list":["post-11217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-development","category-employeepost","tag-migrations","tag-php-2","tag-php-memory-limits"],"acf":{"blog_hero_image":null},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.5 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lesson Learned: PHP Memory Limits - 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