The unit of measurement given using the UN/CEFACT Common Code (3 characters) or a URL.
The normative list of all codes is available at http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/cefact/recommendations/rec20/rec20_Rev9e_2014.xls
Other codes than the UN/CEFACT Common Code may be used with a prefix followed by a colon.
The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade.
EMMO Maximal (EMAX) - the full version of the Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology (EMMO), including additional mereocausal concepts, the full standard model and non-SI and prefixed units. EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
EMMO
F. A. Zaccarini, C. Masolo, E. Ghedini, and S. Borgo. From Causation (and Parthood) to Time: The Case of EMMO (2023) doi: 10.3233/FAIA231120
CWA 17815, Materials characterisation - Terminology, metadata and classification. Led by EMMC. 2017. https://www.cencenelec.eu/media/CEN-CENELEC/CWAs/ICT/cwa17815.pdf
European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Baas, A., What makes a material function? - Let me compute the ways - Modelling in H2020 LEIT-NMBP programme materials and nanotechnology projects -Sixth version - Short version, Baas, A.(editor), Publications Office of the European Union, 2017, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/404734
EMMO Maximal (EMAX)
The EMMO should be reasoned in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy in Protege (ctrl+R hotkey). It is tested with both the HermiT (preferred) and HermiT reasoners.
hasFractionalMember
The relation between a collection and a non maximal self-connect part of one of its member.
Abampere
The Abampere (aA), also called the biot after Jean-Baptiste Biot, is the basic electromagnetic unit of electric current in the emu-cgs system of units (electromagnetic cgs). One abampere is equal to ten amperes in the SI system of units. An abampere is the constant current that produces, when maintained in two parallel conductors of negligible circular section and of infinite length placed 1 centimetre apart, a force of 2 dynes per centimetre between the two conductors. -- QUDT
Abampere Per Square Centimeter (aA/cm²) is a unit in the category of Electric current density. It is also known as abamperes per square centimeter, abampere/square centimeter, abampere/square centimetre, abamperes per square centimetre, abampere per square centimetre. This unit is commonly used in the cgs unit system. Abampere Per Square Centimeter (aA/cm²) has a dimension of L⁻²I where L is length, and I is electric current. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit A/m² by multiplying its value by a factor of 100000. -- QUDT
Abampere per Square Centimetre
"Abampere Square centimeter" is the unit of magnetic moment in the electromagnetic centimeter-gram-second system. -- QUDT
Abampere Square centimetre
Abcoulomb
"abcoulomb" (abC or aC) or electromagnetic unit of charge (emu of charge) is the basic physical unit of electric charge in the cgs-emu system of units. One abcoulomb is equal to ten coulombs (1 abC = 10 C). -- QUDT
Abcoulomb Per Square Centimeter is a unit in the category of Electric charge surface density. It is also known as abcoulombs per square centimeter, abcoulomb per square centimetre, abcoulombs per square centimetre, abcoulomb/square centimeter,abcoulomb/square centimetre. This unit is commonly used in the cgs unit system. Abcoulomb Per Square Centimeter (abcoulomb/cm2) has a dimension of L₂TI. where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit C/m² by multiplying its value by a factor of 100,000. -- QUDT
Abcoulomb per Square Centimetre
Abfarad
An abfarad is an obsolete electromagnetic (CGS) unit of capacitance equal to 10⁹ farads (1,000,000,000 F or 1 GF). The absolute farad of the e.m.u. system, for a steady current identically abC/abV, and identically reciprocal abdaraf. 1 abF = 1 GF. -- QUDT
The absolute dielectric constant of free space is defined as the ratio of displacement to the electric field intensity. The unit of measure is the abfarad per centimeter, a derived CGS unit. -- QUDT
Abfarad per Centimetre
Abhenry
Abhenry is the centimeter-gram-second electromagnetic unit of inductance, equal to one billionth of a henry. -- QUDT
Abohm
`abohm` is the basic unit of electrical resistance in the emu-cgs system of units. One abohm is equal to 10⁻⁹ ohms in the SI system of units; one abohm is a nano ohm. -- QUDT
Absiemens
The CGS electromagnetic unit of conductance; one absiemen is the conductance at which a potential of one abvolt forces a current of one abampere; equal to 10⁹ siemens. One siemen is the conductance at which a potential of one volt forces a current of one ampere and named for Karl Wilhem Siemens. -- QUDT
Abtesla
The unit of magnetic induction in the cgs system, 10⁻⁴ tesla. Also known as the gauss. -- QUDT
Abvolt
A unit of electrical potential equal to one hundred millionth of a volt (10⁻⁸ volts), used in the centimeter-gram-second (CGS) system of units. One abV is the potential difference that exists between two points when the work done to transfer one abcoulomb of charge between them equals: 1 erg· 1 abV = 10 nV. -- QUDT
In the electromagnetic centimeter-gram-second system of units, 'abvolt per centimeter' is the unit of electric field strength. -- QUDT
Abvolt per centimetre
AbvoltSecond
The magnetic flux whose expenditure in 1 second produces 1 abvolt per turn of a linked circuit. Technically defined in a three-dimensional system, it corresponds in the four-dimensional electromagnetic sector of the SI system to 10 nWb, and is an impractically small unit. In use for some years, the name was agreed by the International Electrotechnical Committee in 1930, along with a corresponding practical unit, the pramaxwell (or pro-maxwell) = 10⁸ maxwell. -- QUDT
Abvolt Second
The negative decadic logarithmus of the concentration of free protons (or hydronium ions) expressed in 1 mol/l. -- QUDT
Acidity
Standard state: c0 is 1 mol/L. c of H+ of pure water is determined by the amount of dissociated water. The dissociation constant of water is 10^-14 and since there are qeal amounts of H+ and OH- we get 10^-7 mol H+ /L. -log(10^-7) = 7. The gamma is the activity coefficient which is assumed to be 1 when we say pH = -log[H+].
The proper definition of pH is pH = -log(a) where `a` is the activity of H+ ions in an aqueus solution.
Acre
The acre is a unit of area in a number of different systems, including the imperial and U.S. customary systems. Its international symbol is ac. The most commonly used acres today are the international acre and, in the United States, the survey acre. The most common use of the acre is to measure tracts of land. One international acre is equal to 4046.8564224 square metres. -- QUDT
AcreFoot
An acre-foot is a unit of volume commonly used in the United States in reference to large-scale water resources, such as reservoirs, aqueducts, canals, sewer flow capacity, and river flows. It is defined by the volume of one acre of surface area to a depth of one foot. Since the acre is defined as a chain by a furlong (66 ft × 660 ft) the acre-foot is exactly 43,560 cubic feet. For irrigation water, the volume of 1 ft × 1 ac = 43,560 ft³ (1,233.482 m³, 325,851 US gal). -- QUDT
Acre Foot
AmpereHourPerKilogram
unit of electric charge relative to mass
AmpereHourPerLitre
a unit of electric charge per volume
AmperePerCentiMetre
SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Ampere Per Centimetre
AmperePerDegreeCelsius
A measure used to express how a current is subject to temperature. Originally used in Wien's Law to describe phenomena related to filaments. One use today is to express how a current generator derates with temperature. -- QUDT
Ampere per Degree Celsius
AmperePerGram
`Ampere per gram` is a practical unit to describe an (applied) current relative to the involved amount of material. This unit is often found in electrochemistry to standardize test conditions and compare various scales of investigated materials. -- QUDT
Ampere per Gram
AmperePerJoule
The inverse measure of joule-per-ampere or weber. The measure for the reciprical of magnetic flux. -- QUDT
Ampere per Joule
AmperePerRadian
`Ampere per Radian` is a derived unit for measuring the amount of current per unit measure of angle, expressed in ampere per radian. -- QUDT
Ampere per Radian
AmperePerSquareCentiMetre
SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
Ampere Per Square Centimetre
AmperePerSquareMetreSquareKelvin
Ampere per square metre and square Kelvin.
AmperePerSquareMilliMetre
SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
Ampere Per Square Millimetre
AmpereSecond
product out of the SI base unit ampere and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Ampere Second
AmpereSquareMetre
The SI unit of electromagnetic moment. -- QUDT
Ampere Square Metre
AmpereSquareMetrePerJouleSecond
The SI unit of gyromagnetic ratio. -- QUDT
Ampere Square Metre Per Joule Second
AmpereTurn
The `ampere-turn` was the MKS unit of magnetomotive force (MMF), represented by a direct current of one ampere flowing in a single-turn loop in a vacuum. "Turns" refers to the winding number of an electrical conductor comprising an inductor. The ampere-turn was replaced by the SI unit, ampere. -- QUDT
Ampere Turn
AmpereTurnPerInch
The `Ampere Turn per Inch` is a measure of magnetic field intensity and is eual to 12.5664 Oersted. -- QUDT
Ampere Turn per Inch
AmpereTurnPerMetre
The `Ampere Turn per Metre` is the SI unit of magnetic field strength. One ampere per meter is equal to π/250 oersteds (12.566 371 millioersteds) in CGS units. The ampere per meter is also the SI unit of "magnetization" in the sense of magnetic dipole moment per unit volume; in this context 1 A/m = 0.001 emu per cubic centimeter. -- QUDT
Ampere Turn per Metre
Ångström
Measure of length defined as 1e-10 metres.
The Angstr`o`m is an internationally recognized unit of length equal to 0.1 nanometre or 1 × 10⁻¹⁰ metres. Although accepted for use, it is not formally defined within the International System of Units(SI). The angstrom is often used in the natural sciences to express the sizes of atoms, lengths of chemical bonds and the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, and in technology for the dimensions of parts of integrated circuits. It is also commonly used in structural biology. -- QUDT
Ångström is not mentioned in the SI system and deprecated by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology.
Angstrom
Arcminute
A minute of arc, arcminute, or minute arc (MOA), is a unit of angular measurement equal to one sixtieth (1/60) of one degree (circle/21,600), or π /10,800 radians. In turn, a second of arc or arcsecond is one sixtieth (1/60) of one minute of arc. Since one degree is defined as one three hundred and sixtieth (1/360) of a rotation, one minute of arc is 1/21,600 of a rotation. -- QUDT
ArcMinute
MinuteOfArc
Are
An 'are' is a unit of area equal to 0.02471 acre and 100 centare. -- QUDT
are
AssayTon
In the United States, a unit of mass, approximately 29.167 grams. The number of milligrams of precious metal in one assay ton of the ore being tested is equal to the number of troy ounces of pure precious metal in one 2000-pound ton of the ore. i.e. a bead is obtained that weights 3 milligrams, thus the precious metals in the bead would equal three troy ounces to each ton of ore with the understanding that this varies considerably in the real world as the amount of precious values in each ton of ore varies considerably. -- QUDT
Assay Ton
AstronomicalUnit
An astronomical unit (abbreviated as AU, au, a.u., or ua) is a unit of length equal to 149,597,870,700 metres (92,955,807.273 mi) or approximately the mean Earth Sun distance. The symbol ua is recommended by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, and the international standard ISO 80000, while au is recommended by the International Astronomical Union, and is more common in Anglosphere countries. In general, the International System of Units only uses capital letters for the symbols of units which are named after individual scientists, while au or a.u. can also mean atomic unit or even arbitrary unit. However, the use of AU to refer to the astronomical unit is widespread. The astronomical constant whose value is one astronomical unit is referred to as unit distance and is given the symbol A. [Wikipedia] -- QUDT
One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun.
astronomical-unit
AtmosphereCubicMeterPerMole
A unit that consists of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 multiplied by the unit atmosphere divided by the SI base unit mol. -- QUDT
Atmosphere Cubic Meter per Mole
MoleFraction
Number of one type of species divided by the number of all species.
AtomFraction
MolePerMole
Moles per mole
An AttoColomb is 10⁻¹⁸ C. -- QUDT
AttoCoulomb
0,000 000 000 000 000 001-fold of the SI derived unit farad -- QUDT
0,000 000 000 000 000 001-fold of the derived SI unit joule -- QUDT
unit of the Planck's constant as product of the SI derived unit joule and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Attojoule Second
Ban
A ban is a logarithmic unit which measures information or entropy, based on base 10 logarithms and powers of 10, rather than the powers of 2 and base 2 logarithms which define the bit. One ban is approximately 3.32 (log₂ 10) bits. -- QUDT
Barad
A barad is a dyne per square centimetre (dyn · cm⁻²), and is equal to 0.1 Pa (1 micro bar, 0.000014504 p.s.i.). Note that this is precisely the microbar, the confusable bar being related in size to the normal atmospheric pressure, at 100 dyn · cm⁻². Accordingly barad was not abbreviated, so occurs prefixed as in cbarad = centibarad. Despite being the coherent unit for pressure in c.g.s., barad was probably much less common than the non-coherent bar. Barad is sometimes called barye, a name also used for bar. -- QUDT
Barn
A barn (symbol b) is a unit of area. Originally used in nuclear physics for expressing the cross sectional area of nuclei and nuclear reactions, today it is used in all fields of high energy physics to express the cross sections of any scattering process, and is best understood as a measure of the probability of interaction between small particles. A barn is defined as 10⁻²⁸ m² (100 fm²) and is approximately the cross sectional area of a uranium nucleus. The barn is also the unit of area used in nuclear quadrupole resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance to quantify the interaction of a nucleus with an electric field gradient. While the barn is not an SI unit, it is accepted for use with the SI due to its continued use in particle physics. -- QUDT
Barrel
A barrel is one of several units of volume, with dry barrels, fluid barrels (UK beer barrel, U.S. beer barrel), oil barrel, etc. The volume of some barrel units is double others, with various volumes in the range of about 100-200 litres (22-44 imp gal; 26-53 US gal). -- QUDT
Barye
The barye, or sometimes barad, barrie, bary, baryd, baryed, or barie, is the centimetre-gram-second (CGS) unit of pressure. It is equal to 1 dyne per square centimetre. -- QUDT
Bbl_Uk_Pet
unit of the volume for crude oil according to the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Barrel (UK Petroleum)
Bbl_Uk_Pet_Per_Day
unit of the volume barrel (UK petroleum) for crude oil according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit day -- QUDT
Barrel (UK Petroleum) Per Day
Bbl_Uk_Pet_Per_Hr
unit of the volume barrel (UK petroleum) for crude oil according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Barrel (UK Petroleum) Per Hour
Bbl_Uk_Pet_Per_Min
unit of the volume barrel (UK petroleum) for crude oil according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Barrel (UK Petroleum) Per Minute
Bbl_Uk_Pet_Per_Sec
unit of the volume barrel (UK petroleum) for crude oil according to the Imperial system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Barrel (UK Petroleum) Per Second
Bbl_Us
unit of the volume for crude oil according to the Anglo-American system of units -- QUDT
Barrel (US)
Bbl_Us_Dry
non SI-conform unit of the volume in the USA which applies to a resolution from 1912: 1 dry barrel (US) equals approximately to 115,63 litre -- QUDT
Dry Barrel (US)
Bbl_Us_Per_Day
unit of the volume barrel (US petroleum) for crude oil according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit day -- QUDT
Barrel (US) Per Day
Bbl_Us_Per_Min
unit of the volume barrel (US petroleum) for crude oil according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Barrel (US) Per Minute
Bbl_Us_Pet_Per_Hr
unit of the volume barrel (US petroleum) for crude oil according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Barrel (US Petroleum) Per Hour
Bbl_Us_Pet_Per_Sec
unit of the volume barrel (US petroleum) for crude oil according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Barrel (US Petroleum) Per Second
Beaufort
unit for classification of winds according to their speed, developed by Sir Francis Beaufort as measure for the over-all behaviour of a ship's sail at different wind speeds -- QUDT
BecquerelPerCubicMetre
The SI derived unit of unit in the category of Radioactivity concentration. -- QUDT
Becquerel per Cubic Metre
BecquerelPerSquareMetre
Becquerel per square metre.
Becquerels second per cubic metre.
Biot
"Biot" is another name for the abampere (aA), which is the basic electromagnetic unit of electric current in the emu-cgs (centimeter-gram-second) system of units. It is called after a French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician Jean-Baptiste Biot. One abampere is equal to ten amperes in the SI system of units. One abampere is the current, which produces a force of 2 dyne/cm between two infinitively long parallel wires that are 1 cm apart. -- QUDT
Bit
A bit (binary digit) is the smallest unit of data that a computer can process and store. A bit is always in one of two physical states, similar to an on/off light switch. The state is represented by a single binary value, usually a 0 or 1. -- Wikipedia
In information theory, a bit is the amount of information that, on average, can be stored in a discrete bit. It is thus the amount of information carried by a choice between two equally likely outcomes. One bit corresponds to about 0.693 nats (ln(2)), or 0.301 hartleys (log10(2)). -- QUDT
BoardFoot
The board-foot is a specialized unit of measure for the volume of lumber in the United States and Canada. It is the volume of a one-foot length of a board one foot wide and one inch thick. Board-foot can be abbreviated FBM (for 'foot, board measure'), BDFT, or BF. Thousand board-feet can be abbreviated as MFBM, MBFT or MBF. -- QUDT
Board Foot
BoilerHorsepower
"Boiler Horsepower" is a unit for 'Power' expressed as hp_boiler. -- QUDT
Boiler Horsepower
BreathPerMinute
A unit of respiratory rate. -- QUDT
Breath per Minute
BtuFoot
BTU Foot is an Imperial unit for `Thermal Energy Length` expressed as Btu-ft. -- QUDT
BTU Foot
BtuInch
BTU Inch is an Imperial unit for 'Thermal Energy Length' expressed as Btu-in. -- QUDT
BTU Inch
BtuPerDegreeRankine
'BTU per Degree Rankine' is an Imperial unit for 'Heat Capacity' expressed as Btu/degR. -- QUDT
BTU per Degree Rankine
BtuPerHour
The British thermal unit (BTU or Btu) is a traditional unit of energy equal to about 1 055.05585 joules. It is approximately the amount of energy needed to heat 1 pound (0.454 kg) of water from 39°F (3.9°C) to 40°F (4.4°C). The unit is most often used in the power, steam generation, heating and air conditioning industries. In scientific contexts the BTU has largely been replaced by the SI unit of energy, the joule, though it may be used as a measure of agricultural energy production (BTU/kg). -- QUDT
BTU per Hour
BtuPerHourSquareFoot
`BTU per Hour Square Foot` is an Imperial unit for 'Power Per Area' expressed as Btu/(hr-ft²). -- QUDT
BTU per Hour Square Foot
BtuPerPoundDegreeFahrenheit
British Thermal Unit (therm.) Per Pound Per Fahrenheit Degree (Btu (therm.)/lb- degF) is a unit in the category of Specific heat. This unit is commonly used in the UK unit system. British Thermal Unit (therm.) Per Pound Per Fahrenheit Degree (Btu (therm.)/lb-degF) has a dimension of L2T⁻²Q⁻¹ where L is length, T is time, and Q is temperature. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit J/kg-K by multiplying its value by a factor of 4183.99895. -- QUDT
BTU per Pound Degree Fahrenheit
BtuPerPoundDegreeRankine
'BTU per Pound Degree Rankine' is a unit for 'Specific Heat Capacity' expressed as Btu/(lb-degR). -- QUDT
BTU per Pound Degree Rankine
BtuPerPoundMole
'BTU per Pound Mole' is an Imperial unit for 'Energy And Work Per Mass Amount Of Substance' expressed as Btu/(lb-mol). -- QUDT
BTU per Pound Mole
BtuPerPoundMoleDegreeFahrenheit
'BTU per Pound Mole Degree Fahrenheit' is an Imperial unit for 'Molar Heat Capacity' expressed as Btu/(lb-mol-degF). -- QUDT
BTU per Pound Mole Degree Fahrenheit
BtuPerSecond
'BTU per Second' is an Imperial unit for 'Heat Flow Rate' expressed as Btu/s. -- QUDT
BTU per Second
BtuPerSecondSquareFoot
`BTU per Second Square Foot` is an Imperial unit for 'Power Per Area' expressed as Btu/(s· ft²). -- QUDT
BTU per Second Square Foot
BtuPerSquareFoot
`BTU per Square Foot` is an Imperial unit for 'Energy Per Area' expressed as Btu/ft². -- QUDT
BTU per Square Foot
BtuPerSquareFootHourDegreeFahrenheit
'BTU per Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit' is an Imperial unit for 'Coefficient Of Heat Transfer' expressed as Btu/(hr-ft²-degF). -- QUDT
BTU per Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit
BtuPerSquareFootSecondDegreeFahrenheit
'BTU per Square Foot Second Degree Fahrenheit' is an Imperial unit for 'Coefficient Of Heat Transfer' expressed as Btu/(ft²-s-degF). -- QUDT
BTU per Square Foot Second Degree Fahrenheit
Btu_It_Ft_Per_Ft2_Hr_Deg_F
British thermal unit (international table) foot per hour Square foot degree Fahrenheit is the unit of the thermal conductivity according to the Imperial system of units. -- QUDT
BTU (IT) Foot per Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit
Btu_It_In_Per_Ft2_Hr_Deg_F
BTU (th) Inch per Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit is an Imperial unit for 'Thermal Conductivity', an International British thermal unit inch per second per square foot per degree Fahrenheit is a unit of thermal conductivity in the US Customary Units and British Imperial Units. -- QUDT
British Thermal Unit (international Table) Inch Per Hour Square Foot Degree Fahrenheit
Btu_It_In_Per_Ft2_Sec_Deg_F
British thermal unit (international table) inch per second Square foot degree Fahrenheit is the unit of the thermal conductivity according to the Imperial system of units. -- QUDT
BTU (IT) Inch per Square Foot Second Degree Fahrenheit
Btu_It_In_Per_Hr_Ft2_Deg_F
unit of the thermal conductivity according to the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Btu_It_In_Per_Sec_Ft2_Deg_F
British Thermal Unit (international Table) Inch Per Second Square Foot degree Fahrenheit
Btu_It_Per_Deg_F
British Thermal Unit (IT) Per Fahrenheit Degree (Btu (IT)/°F) is a measure of heat capacity. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit J/K by multiplying its value by a factor of 1899.10534. -- QUDT
BTU (IT) per Degree Fahrenheit
Btu_It_Per_Ft3
`British Thermal Unit (IT) Per Cubic Foot` (Btu (IT)/ft³) is a unit in the category of Energy density. It is also known as Btu per cubic foot, Btu/cubic foot. This unit is commonly used in the UK, US unit systems. It has a dimension of ML⁻¹T⁻² where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit J/m³ by multiplying its value by a factor of 37258.94579. -- QUDT
British Thermal Unit (IT) Per Cubic Foot
Btu_It_Per_Hr_Ft2_Deg_R
unit of the heat transfer coefficient according to the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
British Thermal Unit (international Table) Per Hour Square Foot degree Rankine
Btu_It_Per_Lb
The amount of energy generated by a pound of substance is measured in British thermal units (IT) per pound of mass. 1 Btu_{IT}/lb is equivalent to 2.326 × 10³ joule per kilogram (J/kg). -- QUDT
BTU-IT-PER-lb
Btu_It_Per_Lb_F
unit of the heat energy according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit avoirdupois pound of force according to the avoirdupois system of units -- QUDT
British Thermal Unit (international Table) Per Pound of Force
Btu_It_Per_Lb_F_Deg_F
unit of the heat energy according to the Imperial system of units divided by the product of the units avoirdupois pound according to the avoirdupois system of units and degree Fahrenheit -- QUDT
British Thermal Unit (international Table) Per Pound Degree Fahrenheit
Btu_It_Per_Lb_F_Deg_R
unit of the heat capacity as British thermal unit according to the international table related to degree Rankine according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit avoirdupois pound according to the avoirdupois system of units -- QUDT
British Thermal Unit (international Table) Per Pound Degree Rankine
Btu_It_Per_Min
unit of the heat energy according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
British Thermal Unit (international Table) Per Minute
Btu_It_Per_Sec_Ft2_Deg_R
British Thermal Unit (international Table) Per Second Square Foot degree Rankine
Btu_It_Per_Sec_Ft_Deg_R
British Thermal Unit (international Table) Per Second Foot Degree Rankine
Btu_Mean
unit of the heat energy according to the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
British Thermal Unit (mean)
Btu_Th_Ft_Per_Ft2_Hr_Deg_F
'BTU_TH Foot per Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit' is an Imperial unit for 'Thermal Conductivity' expressed as Btu_{th} · ft/(hr · ft² · degF). -- QUDT
BTU (TH) Foot per Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit
Btu_Th_Ft_Per_Hr_Ft2_Deg_F
British Thermal Unit (thermochemical) Foot Per Hour Square Foot degree Fahrenheit
Btu_Th_In_Per_Ft2_Hr_Deg_F
Unit of thermal conductivity according to the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
BTU (TH) Inch per Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit
Btu_Th_In_Per_Ft2_Sec_Deg_F
BTU (TH) Inch per Square Foot Second Degree Fahrenheit
Btu_Th_Per_Ft3
British Thermal Unit (TH) Per Cubic Foot (Btu (TH)/ft³) is a unit in the category of Energy density. It is also known as Btu per cubic foot, Btu/cubic foot. This unit is commonly used in the UK, US unit systems. It has a dimension of ML⁻¹T⁻² where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit J/m³ by multiplying its value by a factor of 37234.03. -- QUDT
British Thermal Unit (TH) Per Cubic Foot
Btu_Th_Per_Lb
'Btu_th / lbm', British Thermal Unit (therm.) Per Pound Mass, is a unit in the category of Thermal heat capacity. It is also known as Btu per pound, Btu/pound, Btu/lb. This unit is commonly used in the UK unit system. British Thermal Unit (therm.) Per Pound Mass (Btu (therm.)/lbm) has a dimension of L²T⁻² where L is length, and T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit J/kg by multiplying its value by a factor of 2324.443861. -- QUDT
British Thermal Unit (TH) Per Pound
Btu_Th_Per_Lb_Deg_F
unit of the thermal conductivity according to the Imperial system of units divided by the units pound and degree Fahrenheit -- QUDT
British Thermal Unit (thermochemical) Per Pound Degree Fahrenheit
Btu_Th_Per_Min
British Thermal Unit (thermochemical) Per Minute
Btu_Th_Per_Sec
unit of the heat energy according to the Imperial system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
British Thermal Unit (thermochemical) Per Second
Bu_Uk
A bushel is an imperial unit of dry volume, equivalent in each of these systems to 4 pecks or 8 gallons. It is used for volumes of dry commodities (not liquids), most often in agriculture. It is abbreviated as bsh. or bu. In modern usage, the dry volume is usually only nominal, with bushels referring to standard weights instead. -- QUDT
bushel (UK)
Bu_Uk_Per_Day
unit of the volume bushel (UK) (for fluids and for dry measures) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Bushel (UK) Per Day
Bu_Uk_Per_Hr
unit of the volume bushel (UK) (for fluids and for dry measures) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Bushel (UK) Per Hour
Bu_Uk_Per_Min
unit of the volume bushel (UK) (for fluids and for dry measures) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Bushel (UK) Per Minute
Bu_Uk_Per_Sec
unit of the volume bushel (UK) (for fluids and for dry measures) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Bushel (UK) Per Second
Bu_Us
A bushel is an imperial and U.S. customary unit of dry volume, equivalent in each of these systems to 4 pecks or 8 gallons. It is used for volumes of dry commodities (not liquids), most often in agriculture. It is abbreviated as bsh. or bu. In modern usage, the dry volume is usually only nominal, with bushels referring to standard weights instead. -- QUDT
bushel (US)
Bu_Us_Dry_Per_Day
unit of the volume bushel (US dry) for dry measure according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Bushel (US Dry) Per Day
Bu_Us_Dry_Per_Hr
unit of the volume bushel (US dry) for dry measure according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Bushel (US Dry) Per Hour
Bu_Us_Dry_Per_Min
unit of the volume bushel (US dry) for dry measure according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Bushel (US Dry) Per Minute
Bu_Us_Dry_Per_Sec
unit of the volume bushel (US dry) for dry measure according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Bushel (US Dry) Per Second
Cal_15_Deg_C
unit for the quantity of heat which is required to warm up 1 g of water, which is free of air, at a constant pressure of 101.325 kPa (the pressure of the standard atmosphere on sea level) from 14.5 degrees Celsius to 15.5 degrees Celsius -- QUDT
Calorie (15 Degrees C)
Cal_It_Per_Gm
unit calorie according to the international steam table divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Calorie (international Table) Per Gram
Cal_It_Per_Gm_Deg_C
unit calorieIT divided by the products of the units gram and degree Celsius -- QUDT
Calorie (international Table) Per Gram Degree Celsius
Cal_It_Per_Gm_K
unit calorieIT divided by the product of the SI base unit gram and Kelvin -- QUDT
Calorie (international Table) Per Gram Kelvin
Calorie (international Table) Per Second Square Centimetre kelvin
Calorie (international Table) Per Second Centimetre Kelvin
Calorie (thermochemical) Per Centimetre Second Degree Celsius
Cal_Th_Per_Gm
unit thermochemical calorie divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Calorie (thermochemical) Per Gram
Cal_Th_Per_Gm_Deg_C
unit calorie (thermochemical) divided by the product of the unit gram and degree Celsius -- QUDT
Calorie (thermochemical) Per Gram Degree Celsius
Cal_Th_Per_Gm_K
unit calorie (thermochemical) divided by the product of the SI derived unit gram and the SI base unit Kelvin -- QUDT
Calorie (thermochemical) Per Gram Kelvin
Calorie (thermochemical) Per Second Square Centimetre kelvin
Calorie (thermochemical) Per Second Centimetre Kelvin
CaloriePerGramDegreeCelsius
`Calorie per Gram Degree Celsius` is a unit for 'Specific Heat Capacity' expressed as kcal/(gm-degC). -- QUDT
Calorie per Gram Degree Celsius
CandelaPerLumen
Candela per Lumen.
CandelaPerSquareInch
"Candela per Square Inch" is a unit for 'Luminance' expressed as cd/in². -- QUDT
Candela per Square Inch
CandelaPerSquareMetre
The candela per square metre (cd/m²) is the derived SI unit of luminance. The unit is based on the candela, the SI unit of luminous intensity, and the square metre, the SI unit of area. Nit (nt) is a deprecated non-SI name also used for this unit (1 nit = 1 cd/m²). As a measure of light emitted per unit area, this unit is frequently used to specify the brightness of a display device. Most consumer desktop liquid crystal displays have luminances of 200 to 300 cd/m²; the sRGB spec for monitors targets 80 cd/m2. HDTVs range from 450 to about 1000 cd/m2. Typically, calibrated monitors should have a brightness of 120 cd/m². Nit is believed to come from the Latin word nitere, to shine. -- QUDT
candela per square metre
Candlepower
"Candlepower" (abbreviated as cp) is a now-obsolete unit which was used to express levels of light intensity in terms of the light emitted by a candle of specific size and constituents. In modern usage Candlepower equates directly to the unit known as the candela. -- QUDT
Carat
The carat is a unit of mass equal to 200 mg and is used for measuring gemstones and pearls. The current definition, sometimes known as the metric carat, was adopted in 1907 at the Fourth General Conference on Weights and Measures, and soon afterward in many countries around the world. The carat is divisible into one hundred points of two milligrams each. Other subdivisions, and slightly different mass values, have been used in the past in different locations. In terms of diamonds, a paragon is a flawless stone of at least 100 carats (20 g). The ANSI X.12 EDI standard abbreviation for the carat is CD. -- QUDT
CasesPer1000IndividualsPerYear
The typical expression of morbidity rate, expressed as cases per 1000 individuals, per year. -- QUDT
Cases per 1000 individuals per year
The bar is a non-SI unit of pressure, defined by the IUPAC as exactly equal to 100,000 Pa. It is about equal to the atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea level, and since 1982 the IUPAC has recommended that the standard for atmospheric pressure should be harmonized to 100,000 Pa = 1 bar ≈ 750.0616827 Torr. Units derived from the bar are the megabar (symbol: Mbar), kilobar (symbol: kbar), decibar (symbol: dbar), centibar (symbol: cbar), and millibar (symbol: mbar or mb). They are not SI or cgs units, but they are accepted for use with the SI. -- QUDT
A CentiCoulomb is 10⁻² C. -- QUDT
CentiCoulomb
0,000 01-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
0,01-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
A centimetre is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one hundredth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. Centi is the SI prefix for a factor of 10. The centimetre is the base unit of length in the now deprecated centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units. -- QUDT
not SI conform unit of the pressure, that corresponds with the static pressure generated by a mercury column with the height of 1 centimetre -- QUDT
Centimetre Of Mercury
0,01-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Centimetre Per Hour
0,01-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Centimetre Per Kelvin
"Centimeter per Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Linear Velocity' expressed as cm/s. -- QUDT
centimetre per second
`Centimeter per Square Second` is a C.G.S System unit for `Linear Acceleration` expressed as cm/s². -- QUDT
Centimetre per Square Second
Centimetres per thousand years
Centimetres per year
`Centimeter Second Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Length Temperature Time' expressed as cm-s-degC. -- QUDT
Centimetre Second Degree Celsius
CentiMole
A centimole 0.01 N.
centimole
1/100 of SI unit of amount of substance per kilogram -- QUDT
Centimole per kilogram
CentiNewton
A CentiNewton 0.01 N.
0,01-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Centinewton Metre
0,01-fold of the CGS unit of the dynamic viscosity poise -- QUDT
0.01-fold of the CGS unit of the dynamic viscosity poise divided by the unit of the pressure bar -- QUDT
Centipoise Per Bar
`Centistokes` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Kinematic Viscosity' expressed as cSt. -- QUDT
Chain
A chain is a unit of length. It measures 66 feet, or 22 yards, or 100 links, or 4 rods. There are 10 chains in a furlong, and 80 chains in one statute mile. An acre is the area of 10 square chains (that is, an area of one chain by one furlong). The chain has been used for several centuries in Britain and in some other countries influenced by British practice. -- QUDT
chain
CircularMil
A circular mil is a unit of area, equal to the area of a circle with a diameter of one mil (one thousandth of an inch). It is a convenient unit for referring to the area of a wire with a circular cross section, because the area in circular mils can be calculated without reference to pi (π). The area in circular mils, A, of a circle with a diameter of d mils, is given by the formula: Electricians in Canada and the United States are familiar with the circular mil because the National Electrical Code (NEC) uses the circular mil to define wire sizes larger than 0000 AWG. In many NEC publications and uses, large wires may be expressed in thousands of circular mils, which is abbreviated in two different ways: MCM or kcmil. For example, one common wire size used in the NEC has a cross-section of 250,000 circular mils, written as 250 kcmil or 250 MCM, which is the first size larger than 0000 AWG used within the NEC. -- QUDT
Circular Mil
Clo
A C.G.S System unit for `Thermal Insulance` expressed as "clo". -- QUDT
ColonyFormingUnit
"Colony Forming Unit" is a unit for 'Microbial Formation' expressed as CFU. -- QUDT
Colony Forming Unit
CommonYear
31,536,000-fold of the SI base unit second according a common year with 365 days -- QUDT
Common Year
non SI conforming unit of pressure that corresponds to the static pressure generated by a water column with a height of 1 centimetre -- QUDT
Conventional Centimetre Of Water
unit of pressure - 1 mmH2O is the static pressure exerted by a water column with a height of 1 mm -- QUDT
Conventional Millimetre Of Water
Cord
The cord is a unit of measure of dry volume used in Canada and the United States to measure firewood and pulpwood. A cord is the amount of wood that, when 'ranked and well stowed' (arranged so pieces are aligned, parallel, touching and compact), occupies a volume of 128 cubic feet (3.62 cubic metres). This corresponds to a well stacked woodpile 4 feet (122 cm) wide, 4 feet (122 cm) high, and 8 feet (244 cm) long; or any other arrangement of linear measurements that yields the same volume. The name cord probably comes from the use of a cord or string to measure it. -- QUDT
CoulombMetre
Coulomb Meter (C-m) is a unit in the category of Electric dipole moment. It is also known as atomic unit, u.a., au, ua. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Meter (C-m) has a dimension of LTI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
It is also known as atomic unit, u.a., au, ua. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Meter (C-m) has a dimension of LTI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category.
CoulombPerCubicCentiMetre
derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT
Coulomb Per Cubic Centimetre
CoulombPerCubicMilliMetre
derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT
Coulomb Per Cubic Millimetre
The SI unit of exposure rate -- QUDT
Coulomb Per Kilogram Second
CoulombPerMetre
"Coulomb per Meter" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Line Density' expressed as C/m. -- QUDT
Coulomb per Metre
CoulombPerMole
(C/mol) is a unit in the category of Molar electric charge. It is also known as coulombs/mol. Coulomb Per Mol has a dimension of TN{-1}I where T is time, N is amount of substance, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Coulomb per Mole
CoulombPerSquareCentiMetre
derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
Coulomb Per Square Centimetre
CoulombPerSquareMilliMetre
derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
Coulomb Per Square Millimetre
CoulombSquareMetre
Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2) is a unit in the category of Electric quadrupole moment. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2) has a dimension of L2TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Coulomb Square Metre
CoulombSquareMetrePerVolt
Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2-per-volt) is a unit in the category of Electric polarizability. -- QUDT
Coulomb Square Metre Per Volt
CountsPerSecond
Counts per second
CubicAngstrom
A unit that is a non-SI unit, specifically a CGS unit, of polarizability known informally as polarizability volume. The SI defined units for polarizability are C*m²/V and can be converted to Ångström³ by multiplying the SI value by 4 times pi times the vacuum permittivity and then converting the resulting m³ to Ångström³ through the SI base 10 conversion (multiplying by 10⁻³⁰). -- QUDT
Cubic Angstrom
Cubic Ångström
CubicÅngström
CubicCentiMetre
The CGS unit of volume, equal to 10-6 cubic meter, 1 milliliter, or about 0.061 023 7 cubic inch -- QUDT
cubic centimetre
CubicCentiMetrePerCubicCentiMetre
volume ratio consisting of the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Cubic Centimetre Per Cubic Centimetre
CubicCentiMetrePerCubicMetre
Cubic Centimetre Per Cubic Metre
0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit day -- QUDT
Cubic Centimetre Per Day
0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Cubic Centimetre Per Hour
CubicCentiMetrePerKelvin
0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Cubic Centimetre Per Kelvin
0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Cubic Centimetre Per Minute
CubicCentiMetrePerMole
0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
Cubic Centimetre Per Mole
CubicCentiMetrePerMoleSecond
A unit that is the 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol multiplied by the SI base unit second. -- QUDT
Cubic centimeter per mole second
CubicCentiMetrePerSecond
0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Cubic Centimetre Per Second
CubicCoulombMetrePerSquareJoule
"Cubic Coulomb Meter per Square Joule" is a unit for 'Cubic Electric Dipole Moment Per Square Energy' expressed as C³ m³ J⁻². -- QUDT
Cubic Coulomb Metre per Square Joule
CubicDecaMetre
1 000-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT
Cubic Decametre
CubicDeciMetre
0.1-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Cubic Decimetre
CubicDeciMetrePerCubicMetre
volume ratio consisting of the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Cubic Decimetre Per Cubic Metre
0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Cubic Decimetre Per Day
0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Cubic Decimetre Per Hour
0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Cubic Decimetre Per Minute
CubicDeciMetrePerMole
0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
Cubic Decimetre Per Mole
CubicDeciMetrePerSecond
0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for time second -- QUDT
Cubic Decimetre Per Second
CubicFoot
The cubic foot is an Imperial and US customary unit of volume, used in the United States and the United Kingdom. It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of one foot (0.3048 m) in length. To calculate cubic feet multiply length X width X height. -- QUDT
Cubic Foot
CubicFootPerDay
power of the unit foot according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Cubic Foot Per Day
CubicFootPerDegreeFahrenheit
power of the unit foot as a linear measure according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for temperature degree Fahrenheit -- QUDT
Cubic Foot Per Degree Fahrenheit
CubicFootPerHour
power of the unit foot according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 3 divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Cubic Foot Per Hour
CubicFootPerMinute
"Cubic Foot per Minute" is an Imperial unit for 'Volume Per Unit Time' expressed as ft³/min. -- QUDT
Cubic Foot per Minute
CubicFootPerMinuteSquareFoot
unit of the volume flow rate according to the Anglio-American and imperial system of units cubic foot per minute related to the transfer area according to the Anglian American and Imperial system of units square foot -- QUDT
Cubic Foot Per Minute Square Foot
CubicFootPerSecond
"Cubic Foot per Second" is an Imperial unit for `Volume Per Unit Time` expressed as ft³/s. -- QUDT
Cubic Foot per Second
CubicInch
The cubic inch is a unit of measurement for volume in the Imperial units and United States customary units systems. It is the volume of a cube with each of its three sides being one inch long. The cubic inch and the cubic foot are still used as units of volume in the United States, although the common SI units of volume, the liter, milliliter, and cubic meter, are continually replacing them, especially in manufacturing and high technology. One cubic foot is equal to exactly 1728 cubic inches. -- QUDT
Cubic Inch
CubicInchPerHour
power of the unit inch according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 3 divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Cubic Inch Per Hour
CubicInchPerMinute
"Cubic Inch per Minute" is an Imperial unit for 'Volume Per Unit Time' expressed as in³/min. -- QUDT
Cubic Inch per Minute
CubicInchPerSecond
power of the unit inch according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Cubic Inch Per Second
CubicKiloMetrePerSquareSecond
`Cubic Kilometer per Square Second` is a unit for `Standard Gravitational Parameter` expressed as km³/s². -- QUDT
Cubic Kilometre per Square Second
CubicMetre
The SI unit of volume, equal to 1.0e6 cm3, 1000 liters, 35.3147 ft3, or 1.30795 yd3. A cubic meter holds about 264.17 U.S. liquid gallons or 219.99 British Imperial gallons. -- QUDT
CubicMetrePerCoulomb
Cubic metre per Coulomb.
CubicMetrePerCubicMetre
Power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3. -- QUDT
Cubic Metre Per Cubic Metre
CubicMetrePerDay
power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit day -- QUDT
Cubic Metre Per Day
CubicMetrePerHectare
Cubic metre per hectare.
CubicMetrePerHour
Cubic Meter Per Hour (m3/h) is a unit in the category of Volume flow rate. It is also known as cubic meters per hour, cubic metre per hour, cubic metres per hour, cubic meter/hour, cubic metre/hour, cubic meter/hr, cubic metre/hr, flowrate. Cubic Meter Per Hour (m3/h) has a dimension of L3T-1 where L is length, and T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit m3/s by multiplying its value by a factor of 0.00027777777. -- QUDT
Cubic Metre per Hour
CubicMetrePerKelvin
Cubic metre per Kelvin.
Cubic Meter Per Kilogram (m3/kg) is a unit in the category of Specific volume. It is also known as cubic meters per kilogram, cubic metre per kilogram, cubic metres per kilogram, cubic meter/kilogram, cubic metre/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Cubic Meter Per Kilogram (m3/kg) has a dimension of M-1L3 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Cubic Metre per Kilogram
Cubic metre per kilogram and square second.
CubicMetrePerMinute
power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Cubic Metre Per Minute
CubicMetrePerMole
The molar volume, symbol Vm, is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound) at a given temperature and pressure. It is equal to the molar mass (M) divided by the mass density. It has the SI unit cubic metres per mole m3/mol, although it is more practical to use the units cubic decimetres per mole dm3/mol for gases and cubic centimetres per mole cm3/mol for liquids and solids. -- QUDT
Cubic Metre per Mole
CubicMetrePerSecond
A cubic metre per second (m³s⁻¹, m³/s), cumecs or cubic meter per second in American English) is a derived SI unit of flow rate equal to that of a stere or cube with sides of one metre ( u0303 39.37 in) in length exchanged or moving each second. It is popularly used for water flow, especially in rivers and streams, and fractions for HVAC values measuring air flow. -- QUDT
Cubic Metre per Second
CubicMetrePerSquareMetre
power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Cubic Metre Per Square Metre
CubicMetrePerSquareSecond
`Cubic Meter per Square Second` is a C.G.S System unit for `Standard Gravitational Parameter` expressed as m³/s² -- QUDT
Cubic Metre per Square Second
CubicMicroMetrePerCubicMetre
Cubic micrometre per cubic metre unit.
Cubic micrometre per millilitre.
CubicMile
A cubic mile is an imperial / U.S. customary unit of volume, used in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of 1 mile in length. -- QUDT
Cubic Mile
CubicMilliMetre
A metric measure of volume or capacity equal to a cube 1 millimeter on each edge -- QUDT
Cubic Millimetre
CubicMilliMetrePerCubicMetre
volume ratio consisting of the 0.000000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Cubic Millimetre Per Cubic Metre
CubicYard
A cubic yard is an Imperial / U.S. customary unit of volume, used in the United States, Canada, and the UK. It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of 1 yard in length. -- QUDT
Cubic Yard
CubicYardPerDay
power of the unit yard according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Cubic Yard Per Day
CubicYardPerDegreeFahrenheit
power of the unit yard according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for temperature degree Fahrenheit -- QUDT
Cubic Yard Per Degree Fahrenheit
CubicYardPerHour
power of the unit yard according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for the time hour -- QUDT
Cubic Yard Per Hour
CubicYardPerMinute
"Cubic Yard per Minute" is an Imperial unit for 'Volume Per Unit Time' expressed as yd³/min. -- QUDT
Cubic Yard per Minute
CubicYardPerSecond
power of the unit and the Anglo-American and Imperial system of units with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Cubic Yard Per Second
Cup_Us
unit of the volume according to the Anglo-American system of units -- QUDT
Cup (US)
Dalton
One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state.
The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: μ) or dalton (symbol: Da) is a unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state, and has a value of 1.660538782(83) × 10⁻²⁷ kg. One Da is approximately equal to the mass of one proton or one neutron. The CIPM have categorised it as a "non-SI unit whose values in SI units must be obtained experimentally". -- QUDT
AtomicMassUnit
Day
A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds.
Mean solar day -- QUDT
DeathsPer1000IndividualsPerYear
The typical expression of mortality rate, expressed as deaths per 1000 individuals, per year. -- QUDT
Deaths per 1000 individuals per year
DeathsPerMillionIndividualsPerYear
The expression of mortality rate, expressed as deaths per Million individuals, per year. -- QUDT
Deaths per Million individuals per year
Debye
"Debye" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Electric Dipole Moment' expressed as D. -- QUDT
DecaCoulomb
A DecaCoulomb is 10 C. -- QUDT
0,01-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
10-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
10-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
10-fold of the derived SI unit pascal -- QUDT
unit of the area which is mainly common in the agriculture and forestry: 1 da = 10 a -- QUDT
Decade
One decade is a factor of 10 difference between two numbers (an order of magnitude difference) measured on a logarithmic scale. It is especially useful when referring to frequencies and when describing frequency response of electronic systems, such as audio amplifiers and filters. The factor-of-ten in a decade can be in either direction: so one decade up from 100 Hz is 1000 Hz, and one decade down is 10 Hz. The factor-of-ten is what is important, not the unit used, so 3.14 rad/s is one decade down from 31.4 rad/s. -- QUDT
A rate of change of pressure expressed in decibars over a period of an average calendar year (365.25 days). -- QUDT
Decibars per year
A customary logarithmic measure most commonly used (in various ways) for measuring sound.Sound is measured on a logarithmic scale. Informally, if one sound is 1 bel (10 decibels) "louder" than another, this means the louder sound is 10 times louder than the fainter one. A difference of 20 decibels corresponds to an increase of 10 x 10 or 100 times in intensity. The beginning of the scale, 0 decibels, can be set in different ways, depending on exactly the aspect of sound being measured. For sound intensity (the power of the sound waves per unit of area) 0 decibel is equal to 1 picoWatts per Metre Squared. This corresponds approximately to the faintest sound that can be detected by a person who has good hearing. For sound pressure (the pressure exerted by the sound waves) 0 decibels equals 20 micropascals RMS, and for sound power 0 decibels sometimes equals 1 picoWatt. In all cases, one decibel equals ≈ 0.115129 neper. -- QUDT
"Decibel Carrier Unit" is a unit for 'Signal Detection Threshold' expressed as dBc. -- QUDT
Decibel Carrier Unit
"Decibel Referred to 1mw" is a 'Dimensionless Ratio' expressed as dBm. -- QUDT
Decibel Referred to 1mw
A DeciCoulomb is 10⁻¹ C. -- QUDT
DeciCoulomb
0.0001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
0.1-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
0.1-fold of the unit of the volume litre divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Decilitre Per Gram
A decimeter is a tenth of a meter. -- QUDT
DeciNewton
0.1-fold of the product of the derived SI unit joule and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Decinewton Metre
DeciSiemens
A decisiemens is 0.1 S.
decisiemens
Decisiemens per metre. -- QUDT
decisiemens per metre
DeciTonne
Deg_C_Growing_Cereal_Day
The sum of excess temperature over 5.5°C, where the temperature is the mean of the minimum and maximum atmospheric temperature in a day. This measure is appropriate for most cereal crops. -- QUDT
Growing Degree Days (Cereals)
Deg_F_Hr_Ft2_Per_Btu_It
unit of the thermal resistor according to the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Degree Fahrenheit Hour Square Foot per British Thermal Unit (international Table)
Deg_F_Hr_Ft2_Per_Btu_Th
unit of the thermal resistor according to the according to the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Degree Fahrenheit Hour Square Foot per British Thermal Unit (thermochemical)
Degree
A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by ° (the degree symbol), is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1/360 of a full rotation; one degree is equivalent to 2π /360 rad, 0.017453 rad. It is not an SI unit, as the SI unit for angles is radian, but is an accepted SI unit. -- QUDT
Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees.
DegreeApi
unit for the determination of the density of petroleum at 60 degrees F (15.56 degrees C) -- QUDT
Degree API
DegreeBalling
unit for the mixing ratio of a soluble dry substance in water at 17.5 degrees C similar to the percent designation for solutions, in which a solution of 1 g saccharose in 100 g saccharose/ water solution corresponds to 1 degree Balling and respectively a one percent solution -- QUDT
Degree Balling
DegreeBrix
unit named according to Adolf Brix for the mixing ratio of a soluble dry substance in water with 15.5 °C similar to the percent designation for solutions, in which a solution of 1 g saccharose in 100 g saccharose/water solution corresponds to 1 °Brix and respectively an one percent solution -- QUDT
Degree Brix
`Degree Celsius Centimeter` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Length Temperature' expressed as cm-degC. -- QUDT
Degree Celsius Centimetre
Derived unit for the product of the temperature in degrees Celsius and the mass density of a medium, integrated over vertical depth or height in metres. -- QUDT
Degrees Celsius kilogram per square metre
DegreeCelsiusPerHour
`Degree Celsius per Hour` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degC / hr. -- QUDT
Degree Celsius per Hour
DegreeCelsiusPerKelvin
unit with the name Degree Celsius divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Degree Celsius Per Kelvin
Degree Celsius per metre unit.
DegreeCelsiusPerMinute
`Degree Celsius per Minute` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degC / m. -- QUDT
Degree Celsius per Minute
DegreeCelsiusPerSecond
`Degree Celsius per Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degC / s. -- QUDT
Degree Celsius per Second
A rate of change of temperature expressed on the Celsius scale over a period of an average calendar year (365.25 days). -- QUDT
Degrees Celsius per year
DegreeCelsiusWeek
temperature multiplied by unit of time. -- QUDT
Degree Celsius week
DegreeFahrenheit
`Degree Fahrenheit` is an Imperial unit for 'Thermodynamic Temperature' expressed as °F. -- QUDT
Degree Fahrenheit
DegreeFahrenheitHour
Degree Fahrenheit Hour
DegreeFahrenheitHourPerBtu
`Degree Fahrenheit Hour per BTU` is an Imperial unit for 'Thermal Resistance' expressed as degF-hr/Btu. -- QUDT
Degree Fahrenheit Hour per BTU
DegreeFahrenheitPerHour
`Degree Fahrenheit per Hour` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degF / h. -- QUDT
Degree Fahrenheit per Hour
DegreeFahrenheitPerKelvin
traditional unit degree Fahrenheit for temperature according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the SI base unit Kelvin -- QUDT
Degree Fahrenheit Per Kelvin
DegreeFahrenheitPerMinute
`Degree Fahrenheit per Minute` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degF / m. -- QUDT
Degree Fahrenheit per Minute
DegreeFahrenheitPerSecond
`Degree Fahrenheit per Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degF / s. -- QUDT
Degree Fahrenheit per Second
DegreeFahrenheitPerSquareSecond
'Degree Fahrenheit per Square Second' is a unit for expressing the acceleration of a temperature expressed as 'degF /s2'. -- QUDT
Degree Fahrenheit per Square Second
DegreeOechsle
unit of the density of the must, as measure for the proportion of the soluble material in the grape must -- QUDT
Degree Oechsle
DegreePerHour
"Degree per Hour" is an Imperial unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as deg/h. -- QUDT
Degree per Hour
A change of angle in one SI unit of length. -- QUDT
Degrees per metre
DegreePerMinute
A unit of measure for the rate of change of plane angle, dω / dt, in durations of one minute.The vector ω is directed along the axis of rotation in the direction for which the rotation is clockwise. -- QUDT
Degree per Minute
DegreePerSecond
"Degree per Second" is an Imperial unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as deg/s. -- QUDT
Degree per Second
DegreePerSquareSecond
`Degree per Square Second` is an Imperial unit for `Angular Acceleration` expressed as deg/s². -- QUDT
Degree per Square Second
DegreePlato
unit for the mixing ratio of the original gravity in the beer brew at 17,5 °C before the fermentation -- QUDT
Degree Plato
DegreeRankine
Rankine is a thermodynamic (absolute) temperature scale. The symbol for degrees Rankine is °R or °Ra if necessary to distinguish it from the Rømer and Réaumur scales). Zero on both the Kelvin and Rankine scales is absolute zero, but the Rankine degree is defined as equal to one degree Fahrenheit, rather than the one degree Celsius used by the Kelvin scale. A temperature of -459.67 °F is exactly equal to 0 °R. -- QUDT
Degree Rankine
DegreeRankinePerHour
A rate of change of temperature measured in degree Rankine in periods of one hour. -- QUDT
Degree Rankine per Hour
DegreeRankinePerMinute
A rate of change of temperature measured in degree Rankine in periods of one minute -- QUDT
Degree Rankine per Minute
DegreeRankinePerSecond
A rate of change of temperature measured in degree Rankine in periods of one second. -- QUDT
Degree Rankine per Second
DegreeTwaddell
unit of the density of fluids, which are heavier than water -- QUDT
Degree Twaddell
Degree_Baume
graduation of the areometer scale for determination of densitiy of fluids. The Baumé scale is a pair of hydrometer scales developed by French pharmacist Antoine Baumé in 1768 to measure density of various liquids. The unit of the Baumé scale has been notated variously as degrees Baumé, B°, Bé° and simply Baumé (the accent is not always present). One scale measures the density of liquids heavier than water and the other, liquids lighter than water. The Baumé of distilled water is 0. The API gravity scale is based on errors in early implementations of the Baumé scale. -- QUDT
Degree Baume (origin Scale)
Degree_Baume_Us_Heavy
graduation of the areometer scale for determination of density of fluids according to the Anglo-American system of units, which are heavier than water -- QUDT
Degree Baume (US Heavy)
Degree_Baume_Us_Light
graduation of the areometer scale for determination of density of fluids according to the Anglo-American system of units, which are lighter than water -- QUDT
Degree Baume (US Light)
Denier
Denier or den is a unit of measure for the linear mass density of fibers. It is defined as the mass in grams per 9,000 meters. In the International System of Units the tex is used instead (see below). The denier is based on a natural standard: a single strand of silk is approximately one denier. A 9,000-meter strand of silk weighs about one gram. The term denier is from the French denier, a coin of small value (worth 1/12 of a sou). Applied to yarn, a denier was held to be equal in weight to 1/24 of an ounce. The term microdenier is used to describe filaments that weigh less than one gram per 9,000 meter length. -- QUDT
Diopter
A dioptre, or diopter, is a unit of measurement for the optical power of a lens or curved mirror, which is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in metres (that is, 1/metre). For example, a 3 dioptre lens brings parallel rays of light to focus at 1/3 metre. The same unit is also sometimes used for other reciprocals of distance, particularly radii of curvature and the vergence of optical beams. Though the diopter is based on the SI-metric system it has not been included in the standard so that there is no international name or abbreviation for this unit of measurement within the international system of units this unit for optical power would need to be specified explicitly as the inverse metre. -- QUDT
DotsPerInch
point density as amount of the picture base element divided by the unit inch according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Dots Per Inch
Dram_Uk
non SI-conforming unit of mass comes from the Anglo-American Troy or Apothecaries' Weight System of units which is mainly used in England, in the Netherlands and in the USA as a commercial weight -- QUDT
Dram (UK)
Dram_Us
non SI-conform unit of the mass according to the avoirdupois system of units: 1 dram (av. ) = 1/16 ounce (av. ) = 1/256 pound (av.) -- QUDT
Dram (US)
DryGallonUs
"Dry Gallon US" is a unit for 'Dry Volume' expressed as dry_gal. -- QUDT
Dry Gallon US
Dyne
In physics, the dyne is a unit of force specified in the centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units. One dyne is equal to In physics, the dyne is a unit of force specified in the centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units. One dyne is equal to 10 micronewton. Equivalently, the dyne is defined as 'the force required to accelerate a mass of one gram at a rate of one centimetre per square second'. The dyne per centimetre is the unit traditionally used to measure surface tension. -- QUDT
"Dyne Centimeter" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Torque' expressed as dyn-cm. -- QUDT
Dyne Centimetre
CGS unit of the surface tension -- QUDT
Dyne Per Centimetre
"Dyne per Square Centimeter" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Force Per Area' expressed as dyn/cm². -- QUDT
Dyne per Square Centimetre
CGS unit of the mechanical impedance -- QUDT
Dyne Second Per Centimetre
CGS unit of the acoustic image impedance of the medium -- QUDT
Dyne Second Per Cubic Centimetre
isDeclaredBy
UraniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the uranium atom.
CommercialProduct
An product that is ready for commercialisation.
Product
PhotochemicalProcesses
ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent
Real part of the admittance.
DoseEquivalentRate
Time derivative of the dose equivalent.
hasStringValue
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity.
MicrowaveSintering
BraggAngle
Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane.
ResonanceEnergy
Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle.
FundamentalLatticeVector
Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice.
SimulationLanguage
A computer language used to describe simulations.
DecayConstant
Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t.
DisintegrationConstant
Laplacian
AmountFraction
The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture.
Weight
Force of gravity acting on a body.
hasDeducer
A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process.
QualityFactor
Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism.
DisplacementCurrentDensity
Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density.
LithiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the lithium atom.
AtomicNumber
Number of protons in an atomic nucleus.
BohriumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the bohrium atom.
DragCoefficient
Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance.
DragFactor
MaterialRelationComputation
MeanEnergyImparted
Expectation value of the energy imparted.
Height
Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface.
PlasticSintering
Java
Minimal
The superclass for all classes of entities that have no proper parts of the same type of the whole is proper part of an entity of that type.
A minimal class M (subclass of Minimal) is defined by choosing a reference type φ so that M is subclass of φ, all parts of x are needed to keep φ(x) and x is proper part of a larger φ entity.
isMemberOf
Filling
LengthPerAmountUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerAmount'.
TinSymbol
The symbol that stands for the tin atom.
AtomicScatteringFactor
Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron.
RollingResistance
Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface.
RollingDrag
RollingFrictionForce
AmorphousMaterial
NonCrystallineMaterial
ResonanceEscapeProbability
In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed.
Dispersion
A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase.
uneceCommonCode
Replaced by schema:unitCode
SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer
Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr.
Inequality
A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions.
f(x) > 0
ArsenicSymbol
The symbol that stands for the arsenic atom.
ZincSymbol
The symbol that stands for the zinc atom.
hasObjectInput
The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an object O, where the non-overlapping part of O causes P.
MolarAttenuationCoefficient
Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium.
AnalogData
Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic.
A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound.
The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum.
CurrentLinkage
For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path.
DragForce
Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid.
DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection
Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction.
TemporalRole
An holistic temporal part of a whole.
HolisticTemporalPart
Coercivity
Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength.
hasManufacturedOutput
RutheniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the ruthenium atom.
Curve
A one-manyfold with two unconnected end points.
TotalMassStoppingPower
Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material.
MassStoppingPower
IsentropicCompressibility
Quantity characterizing the relative variation of volume V with pressure p at constant entropy.
The coherent SI unit of isentropic compressibility is pascal to the power minus one, 1/Pa.
VanadiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the vanadium atom.
MercurySymbol
The symbol that stands for the mercury atom.
PaperManufacturing
contact
A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource
The annotation should include an email address.
IntrinsicCarrierDensity
Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor.
GasMixture
PseudoscalarMeson
A meson with spin zero and odd parity.
RelativePermittivity
Permittivity divided by electric constant.
FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector
Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice.
NaturalProcess
A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws.
NonIntentionalProcess
GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle
Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton.
NuclearGFactor
DataExchangeLanguage
A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline.
JSON, YAML, XML
ParticleSourceDensity
Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume.
illustration
A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation.
PlutoniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the plutonium atom.
JavaScript
IUPACName
Name of a chemical according to the IUPAC standard.
hasConventionalProperty
An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention.
Assigns a quantity to an object by convention.
An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property.
ThermalSprayingForming
Galvanizing
AngularDisplacement
The angle through which a body rotates around an axis of rotation.
Angular displacement may be signed, indicating the sense of rotation (e.g., clockwise); it may also be greater (in absolute value) than a full turn.
Rotation
Angular displacement may also be defined as number of turns (not necessarily an integer number).
EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient
Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media.
AvogadroConstant
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. It defines the base unit mole in the SI system.
ManganeseSymbol
The symbol that stands for the manganese atom.
SharedAgency
Shared agency occurs when two or more individuals do something together.
DysprosiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the dysprosium atom.
Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons.
OsmoticPressure
Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis.
ElectricDipoleMoment
An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge.
LatticePlaneSpacing
distance between successive lattice planes
Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin.
MetallicPowderSintering
SlowingDownDensity
Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume.
PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering
ElectroSinterForging
VectorMeson
A meson with total spin 1 and odd parity.
Database
A structured collection of data held in a computer system that has a well-defined interface.
- A database covering nine million chemical compositions. - A thermodynamic database.
CubicExpansionCoefficient
Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions.
alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT)
FleroviumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the flerovium atom.
DataProcessing
A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application.
TitaniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the titanium atom.
Fork
A tessellation in which a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles.
MagneticVectorPotential
Vector potential of the magnetic flux density.
Pictorial
A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language.
A drawing of a cat. A circle on a paper sheet. The Mona Lisa.
SpecificVolume
inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ.
MassicVolume
Vergence
In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts.
SIMetricPrefixedUnit
A SI base unit or SI derived unit with a metric prefix.
ResidualResistivity
For metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature.
qudtReference
URL to corresponing entity in QUDT.
ParticleCurrentDensity
Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface.
NickelSymbol
The symbol that stands for the nickel atom.
ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerTemperature'.
ProtactiniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the protactinium atom.
omReference
IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure.
MendeleviumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the mendelevium atom.
Array3D
3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices.
3DArray
Understanding
A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a sign, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation, leading to potential interpretations.
AtomicAttenuationCoefficient
Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance.
Exponent
Experiment
An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment.
ParticleFluence
Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a.
Shape4x3Matrix
A real matrix with shape 4x3.
MolarInternalEnergy
Internal energy per amount of substance.
hasModel
ActivityFactor
For substance X in a liquid or a solid mixture; quotient of absolute activity of substance X and the product of absolute activity of the pure substance X at the same temperature and pressure and amount-of-substance fraction of substance X.
Activity factors can also be obtained applying Raoult's law or Henry's law.
TotalLinearStoppingPower
For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material.
LinearStoppingPower
GadoliniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the gadolinium atom.
HandlingDevice
ProductionSystem
A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements.
Lethargy
Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron.
Plane
A 2-manifold with two unconnected boundaries.
AlphaDisintegrationEnergy
Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
HelmholtzEnergy
Internal energy minus the product of thermodynamic temperature and entropy.
HelmholtzFreeEnergy
ThermochemicalTreatment
CSharp
OxidationNumber
Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared.
OxidationState
SectionModulus
Geometrical characteristic of a shape of a body.
NitrogenSymbol
The symbol that stands for the nitrogen atom.
wikidataReference
URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata.
RelaxationTime
time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles
InterferenceFitting
AtomicMass
Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number.
The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes.
The mass of an atom in the ground state.
ThermalDiffusivity
Quotient of thermal conductivity and the product of mass density and specific heat capacity.
inchiKey
A hash of the full International Chemical Identifier (InChi) for a chemical substance.
The InChiKey is a hash of the full InChi identifier using the SHA-256 algorithm, designed to allow for easy web searches of chemical compounds.
QueryLanguage
A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems.
SQL, SPARQL
hasIndex
A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an index in a deduction process.
Powder
A powder is a granular material composed of many very fine dry solid particles that may flow freely when shaken or tilted.
Duran, J., Reisinger A., Sands, Powders, and Grains: An Introduction to the Physics of Granular Materials. November 1999, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York, ISBN 0-387-98656-1.
BindingFraction
The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number.
PhaseAngle
Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane.
SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge
The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area.
AreicElectricCharge
SurfaceChargeDensity
MolecularPartitionFunction
Partition function of a molecule.
MobilityRatio
Quotient of electron and hole mobility.
Multiplication
Verifying
A semiosis where an interpretant, already present in the internal representational space of the interpreter, is resolved by the interpreter by identifying the referent, i.e. the entity for which the sign stands for according to the interpreter understanding.
PhaseVelocity
For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase.
PhaseSpeed
SandMolds
Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton.
GFactorOfAtom
ActivePower
Average power over a period.
isInfluencedBy
The relation between an object O that proper overlaps a process P, where the non-overlapping part of P causes O.
ChlorineSymbol
The symbol that stands for the chlorine atom.
Heap
The superclass for all classes of entities that have at least two non overlapping proper parts of the same type of the whole.
A heap class H (subclass of Heap) is defined by choosing a reference type φ, with H subclass of φ, so that each H entity has non overlapping φ parts.
SMILESReference
OpenSMILES representation of a molecular structure.
OpenSMILES is an open specification of the SMILE language for specifying molecular structures, which has become a defacto standard for exchange of molecular structures.
DissociationConstant
Ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type.
NeutronNumber
Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus.
Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number.
NeonSymbol
The symbol that stands for the neon atom.
hasInterval
The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type.
ActivityOfSolvent
For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure.
LongRangeOrderParameter
Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction.
isRemovedFrom
The relation between an object O1 and a object O2 that proper overlap, where the non overapping part of O2 is caused by O1.
Shape3Vector
A real vector with 3 elements.
The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector.
MatrixData
The datatype for bidimensional arrays.
SubClassOf: hasSpatialTile some VectorData
Flanging
Electroplating
gets
The relation between an object O1 that proper overlaps an object O2, where the non-overlapping part of O2 causes O1.
IonNumberDensity
Number of ions per volume.
IonDensity
LivermoriumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the livermorium atom.
InternalTask
A generic task in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end.
ScalarMeson
A meson with spin zero and even parity.
ucumCode
Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM).
The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units.
StandardAbsoluteActivityOfMixture
For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure.
StandardAbsoluteActivity
BetaDisintegrationEnergy
Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
ThermomechanicalTreatment
PraseodymiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the praseodymium atom.
ErbiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the erbium atom.
SolidAngularMeasure
Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface.
SolidAngle
ThermalUtilizationFactor
In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed.
FluorineSymbol
The symbol that stands for the fluorine atom.
ChipboardManufacturing
MeanMassRange
Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material.
RotationalFrequency
Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π.
Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state.
BlowMolding
Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions.
CalciumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the calcium atom.
SecondPolarMomentOfArea
A geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with regard to an arbitrary axis.
PseudovectorMeson
A meson with total spin 1 and even parity.
Solubility
The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute.
The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc.
Point
A zero-manifold of only one point.
LorenzCoefficient
Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature.
LorenzNumber
InspectionDevice
Gel
A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity.
ConfigurationLanguage
A construction language used to write configuration files.
.ini files
Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems.
AffinityOfAChemicalReaction
Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds.
ChemicalAffinity
Porosity
Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material.
ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
The magnetic flux density for disappearance of superconductivity in a type I superconductor.
RelativeMassExcess
Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant.
POH
Written as pOH
number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- pH = −10 log(a_OH-)
ActiniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the actinium atom.
PerQuarticLengthUnit
The class of units with physical dimensionality per length to the power of four.
ApplicationSpecificScript
A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context.
Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica.
ElectronAffinity
energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor
RelativeMassDensity
Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances.
RelativeDensity
DoseEquivalent
A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection.
1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest.
MagneticMoment
A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation
MagneticAreaMoment
Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom.
EffectiveMass
The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution.
ParticleConcentration
Number of particles of a given species per volume.
ScandiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the scandium atom.
SeaborgiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the seaborgium atom.
hasJunctionPart
The part is connected with the rest item or members with both hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations.
hasSpatioTemporalPart
Enthalpy
Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system.
LarmonFrequency
Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π.
SolubilityProduct
For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers.
Product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers.
SolubilityProductConstant
ElectronDensity
Number of electrons in conduction band per volume.
chemicalSymbolValue
Emulsion
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture).
Mayonnaise, milk.
NonNuclear
The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type φ of the whole, but have no φ proper part that is part of other φ proper parts.
BromineSymbol
The symbol that stands for the bromine atom.
NumberOfEntities
Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system.
MolecularFormula
An expression that provides information about the element types that constiture a molecule or a molecular substance and their number.
hasSIQuantityValue
Relates a physical quantity to its value specified as a string consisting of a numerical, a separator and a unit.
Example showing how to specify the value of a physical quantity in turtle using hasSIQuantityValue: height1 a emmo:Height ; hasSIQuantityValue "3 cm"^^emmo:SIQuantityDatatype .
Using hasSIQuantityValue is a convenient, but less semantic, alternative to specify value and unit of a physical quantity compared to using the 'hasNumericalPart' and 'hasReferencePart'/'hasMetrologicalReference' relations. The unit should be a valid, possible prefixed, derived SI unit.
LiquidSol
A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid.
ElementalSubstance
A chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus.
PureSubstance
Momentum
Product of mass and velocity.
DubniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the dubnium atom.
ParticleEmissionRate
Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt.
StaticFrictionForce
Fhe force of friction on an object that is not moving.
StaticFriction
affects
The relation between a process P that through overlaps an object O.
AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement
Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision.
hasServiceOutput
CeriumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the cerium atom.
ElectronMass
The rest mass of an electron.
isProcessOutputOf
The relation between a process P1 that proper overlaps a process P2, where the non overlapping part of P1 is caused by P2.
NeutralAtom
A standalone atom that has no net charge.
hasTemporalBegin
StandardAmountConcentration
Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3.
StandardConcentration
StandardMolarConcentration
Minus
ChemicalEntity
A chemical entity comprises the two different ways to represents matter: as single recognizable particle entity (molecular entity) and as a composition of particle entities (substance). This distinction is not well assessed in actual chemical nomenclature, in which an element name refers to both the pure elemental substance or the atom. In the EMMO we force the adoption of a more strict categorization based on mereotopology. The class Material hosts the subclasses for which a substance can be identified without necessarily considering its nature of molecule/atom or substance (e.g. hydrocarbon is the class of both hydrocarbon molecules or gases).
MaximumEfficiency
Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process.
CarnotEfficiency
CoherenceLength
Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature
HotDipGalvanizing
Hot-dipGalvanizing
PlanckFunction
Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature.
ElectromagneticEnergyDensity
Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density).
VolumicElectromagneticEnergy
DebyeWallerFactor
Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations.
EuropiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the europium atom.
Resolving
A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a sign, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation. Than the interpretant is resolved by the interpreter by identifying the referent, i.e. the entity for which the sign stands for according to the interpreter understanding.
Someone says: "Ketchup." (sign). I (interpreter) hear that, elaborate internally the perception by creating an internal representation (interpretant), and then reach for the ketchup bottle (referent).
TennessineSymbol
The symbol that stands for the tennessine atom.
Spray
A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process.
CobaltSymbol
The symbol that stands for the cobalt atom.
hasBeginTask
The relation identifying the tasks of a workflow that are not causally temporally dependent by other parts of the workflow.
ContinuousCasting
MathematicalFunction
A function defined using functional notation.
A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y).
FunctionDefinition
y = f(x)
PotentialEnergy
The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field.
MetallicMaterial
Inorganic substance, consisting of one or more metallic elements.
Metallic materials are known for their shiny luster, excellent electrical/thermal conductivity, malleability (shapable by hammering), and ductility (can be drawn into wires), due to metallic bonding (shared electrons); they often form alloys (like steel from iron/carbon) to enhance these properties for diverse applications.
ThermalDiffusionFactor
Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions.
MassDefect
Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom.
MachineCell
A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts.
Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository.
InjectionMolding
MigrationArea
Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons.
Vapor
A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas.
DropForging
InorganicCompound
A chemical compound that is not organic.
isSignFor
AntimonySymbol
The symbol that stands for the antimony atom.
LeakageFactor
One minus the square of the coupling factor
SiliconSymbol
The symbol that stands for the silicon atom.
Admittance
Inverse of the impendance.
ComplexAdmittance
LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation
Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system.
The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz.
Heteronuclear
A molecule composed of more than one element type.
Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂).
MetrologicalSymbol
A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000.
AcousticQuantity
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8.
IEVReference
URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV).
ModulusOfCompression
Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is.
BulkModulus
Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum.
E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum.
Command
An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task.
From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`.
A command must be interpretable by the computer system.
Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them.
ChromiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the chromium atom.
ParticlePositionVector
Position vector of a particle.
PowerFactor
Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S.
DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate
Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate.
SpecificHelmholtzEnergy
Helmholtz energy per unit mass.
hasCognised
A semiotic relation connecting a recogniting interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process.
hasChemicalComposition
Relates a substance to chemical composition.
This relation can be used to relate a material to a chemical composition quantity of one of its chemical species. For example, the amount of aluminium in substance subst:alloy1 can be expressed as: ```turtle subst:alloy1 a emmo:Substance ; emmo:hasChemicalComposition [ a emmo:SingleComponentComposition ; emmo:hasSpeciesPart [ a emmo:AluminiumSymbol ] ; emmo:hasQuantityPart [ a emmo:MassFraction ; hasSIQuantityValue "98.1 wt%"^^emmo:SIQuantityDatatype ] ] . ```
This property is often used to relate a substance directly to SingleComponentComposition indifiduals for each of its components.
HalfValueThickness
Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value.
Assembled
A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function.
CGSUnit
CGS is a variant of the metric system.
The centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units.
MeanDurationOfLife
Reciprocal of the decay constant λ.
MeanLifeTime
PartialPressure
Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature.
Equals
The equals symbol.
hasCogniser
A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognition process.
Ruby
RelativeLinearStrain
Relative change of length with respect the original length.
SuperconductorEnergyGap
Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor.
PoyntingVector
Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength.
DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity
Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n.
Guess
A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective.
ElectricFlux
Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S.
ThalliumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the thallium atom.
ElementaryCharge
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system.
MomentOfIntertia
Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation.
Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state.
RelativePermeability
Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant.
LogarithmicDecrement
Product of damping coefficient and period duration.
InfiniteMultiplicationFactor
In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium.
Smoke
Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis.
ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering
SpecificActivity
Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample.
MassicActivity
SolidSol
A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid.
LinearDensityOfElectricCharge
The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length.
GasSolution
A gaseous solution made of more than one component type.
BerkeliumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the berkelium atom.
SourceVoltage
Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source.
SourceTension
AqueousSolution
A liquid solution in which the solvent is water.
ElectricChargeDensity
Electric charge per volume.
VolumeElectricCharge
isProcessInputOf
NeutronYieldPerFission
Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event.
EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection
Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle.
NanoMaterial
Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm
EnergyImparted
Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume.
MultiParticlePath
A chausal path whose quantum parts belongs to at least two different standard model fundamental types.
An multi-particle path is a causal path of quantum entities of different type, following the causal connection between an initial quantum up to the final one, regardless on the fact that causality is passing through elementary particles of different types. For example, a path starting from an elementary photon, then through the electron with which it scatter, and then trough a positron with which the electron collides.
ModulusOfAdmittance
quotient of the rms value of the electric current in a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit by the rms value of the voltage between its terminals.
Apparent admittance is often denoted by Y .
SolidSolution
A solid solution made of two or more component substances.
UnitOne
"The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." -- SI Brochure
Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units.
Unitless
Refractive index or volume fraction.
Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out.
RefractiveIndex
Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium.
EuclideanSpace
A three-manifold with Euclidean metric.
NucleonNumber
number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus
MassNumber
RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities
Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV.
WaveVector
Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave.
EquilibriumPositionVector
In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium.
TotalCurrent
Sum of electric current and displacement current
VacuumElectricPermittivity
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant.
The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum.
PermittivityOfVacuum
ActiveEnergy
The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power.
RelativeHumidity
Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat.
The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent.
Work
Product of force and displacement.
ModulusOfElasticity
Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials.
YoungsModulus
hasIterativeTask
hasSerialTask
TantalumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the tantalum atom.
ElectricPolarization
At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V.
StrontiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the strontium atom.
CPlusPlus
A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++.
C++
PowderCoating
TerbiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the terbium atom.
RecombinationCoefficient
Coefficient in the law of recombination,
DebyeAngularFrequency
Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.
MassChangeRate
Mass increment per time.
MesoscopicSubstance
A matter that is not a particulate matter and that does not fullfill the criteria of being a continuum substance.
nanoparticle, quantum dot, carbon nanotupe
Mesoscopic substances typically exist on a length scale between atoms and molecules and macroscopic (bulk) substances. They are typically in the range of some nanometers to about a micrometer and often exhibit unique physical properties due to their size and shape.
GrowingCrystal
CelsiusTemperature
An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures.
LutetiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the lutetium atom.
SulfurSymbol
The symbol that stands for the sulfur atom.
StandardEquilibriumConstant
Constant of a chemical reaction. It is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change.
MagneticReluctance
Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux.
Reluctance
IndiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the indium atom.
EmpiricalSimulationSoftware
A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object.
Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion.
TungstenSymbol
The symbol that stands for the tungsten atom.
VaporDeposition
ArgonSymbol
The symbol that stands for the argon atom.
FermiAnglularWavenumber
Angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere.
FermiAnglularRepetency
FermiAnglularWaveNumber
EmpiricalFormula
An expression that provide information about the element type of a compound and their relative ratio.
EinsteiniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the einsteinium atom.
CurieTemperature
Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet.
GermaniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the germanium atom.
JosephsonConstantUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'JosephsonConstant'.
LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition
Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition.
PhosphorusSymbol
The symbol that stands for the phosphorus atom.
IsothermalConversion
Theorisation
The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter.
Theorization
DonorDensity
Number of donor levels per volume.
MassFlow
At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity.
SlowingDownArea
In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy.
dbpediaReference
URL to corresponding dpbedia entry.
ParticleFluenceRate
Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time.
hasSpatialSection
A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal.
hasSpatialPartialPart
This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal).
This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations.
PhysicsEquationSolution
A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object.
This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). A dataset as solution is a conventional sign.
A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory.
Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum.
Uncoded
A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers.
A random generated id for a product.
RichardsonConstant
Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function.
QuantumData
Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability.
hasJSONValue
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO JSON data entity.
LeadSymbol
The symbol that stands for the lead atom.
EnergyDensityOfStates
Quantity in condensed matter physics.
IronSymbol
The symbol that stands for the iron atom.
DarmastadtiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the darmastadtium atom.
SurfaceActivityDensity
Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample.
DiffusivityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Diffusivity'.
LinkedFlux
Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once.
IonicStrength
Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber.
For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i.
AngularReciprocalLatticeVector
Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi.
DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection
Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction.
MagneticPolarisation
Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0.
DebyeTemperature
The temperature at which the highest-frequency mode (and hence all modes) are excited.
YttriumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the yttrium atom.
Cylinder
A 2-manifold with one unconnected boundary and two "faces".
MetrologicalConstruct
A symbolic construct used within the discipline of metrology.
RapidPrototyping
Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes.
NaturalMaterial
A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention.
DebyeAngularWavenumber
Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.
DebyeAngluarRepetency
DebyeAngularWaveNumber
PlanckConstant
The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system.
AngularAcceleration
Vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity.
SolidMixture
TransferMolding
ElectricImpedance
Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied.
Broadcast
A mixed tiling in which a tile has next spatially connected tiles.
isInterpreterFor
ZirconiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the zirconium atom.
hasChemicalSpecies
Relates a substance to one of its chemical species.
ApparentPower
RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current.
SpontaneousProcess
A process that has no identifiable agent driving its occurence.
KryptonSymbol
The symbol that stands for the krypton atom.
MassExcess
Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant.
LinearElectricCurrentDensity
Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity
MentalAgency
An intentional agency caused by the agent’s mental states and events.
Mental states are strictly connected to the definition of mind, which is traditionally connected to high cognitive skills, such as the one provided by human beings brains.
unitSymbol
The standard symbol for a unit.
A unit symbol may be a symbolic construct (e.g. km) or a symbol (e.g. m).
PhaseDifference
Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit.
DisplacementAngle
NonConvergent
The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type φ of the whole, and so that for every two distinct φ proper parts one is not part of the other.
MechanicalEfficiency
Quotient of mechanical output and input power.
IsentropicExponent
For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities.
GrandCanonicalPartionFunction
Sum of canonical partition function Z (NA,NB,…) for the given number of particles A, B, ... multiplied by absolute activities of particles A, B, ...
GrandPartionFunction
GoldSymbol
The symbol that stands for the gold atom.
ThermalInsulance
Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer.
CoefficientOfThermalInsulance
MagneticDipoleMoment
For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: W = g μ M B where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. -- ISO 80000
Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: ΔW = −μ · B
AcceptorDensity
quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume.
BondedAtom
A bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of.
A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons.
The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electronic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic.
This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule.
InternalEnergy
A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system.
ThermodynamicEnergy
NonActivePower
For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P.
ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent
Real part of the impedance.
MobiusStrip
A 2-manifold with one unconnected boundary and one "face".
ThuliumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the thulium atom.
hasTemporalCollectionSlice
A temporal part that is a collection.
Replica
An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions.
A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one.
Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...).
SpecificEnthalpy
Enthalpy per unit mass.
Torus
The simplest 2-manifold with genus 1.
CapacitancePerLengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'CapacitancePerLength'.
Foaming
ManufacturingDevice
A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process.
MaterialByFunction
FunctionalMaterial
SurfaceTension
The tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible.
Surface tension is a contractive tendency of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force. -- QUDT
NumericalData
Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols.
hasQuantityValue
A conventional relation that relates a quantity to its quantity value.
ChemicalPotential
Energy per unit change in amount of substance.
ArithmeticExpression
ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductivityPerAmount'.
hasTemporalInternal
KineticFrictionFactor
Proportionality factor between the magnitudes of the kinetic friction force, and the normal component of the contact force.
DynamicFrictionFactor
When it is not necessary to distinguish between dynamic friction factor and static friction factor, the name friction factor may be used for both. The dynamic friction factor µ is independent in first approximation of the contact surface.
PalladiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the palladium atom.
generates
The relation between an object O that proper overlaps a process P, where the non-overlapping part of P is caused by O.
CollectiveAgency
Collective agency occurs when two or more individuals act as a group, in accordance with certain principles or procedures that constitute and organize the group.
The group acting collectively is intended to be represented as an item, meaning that all members of the group should have had at least one causal interaction with another member. The collective action in fact is taken in accordance with certain principles or procedures that constitute and organize the group itself that requires implicitly a causal interaction between members.
LowPressureCasting
MolarVolume
Volume per amount of substance.
Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J.
LinearIonization
Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge.
TechnetiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the technetium atom.
Communicating
A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a referent, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation. Than the interpretant is communicated by the interpreter by the production of a sign, i.e. the entity that stands for the referent according to the interpreter.
I (interpreter) see an entity (referent) whose perception stimulates in me an internal representation (interpretant). Then I say: "Ketchup." (sign) with the intention of communicate externally something about that entity.
RheniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the rhenium atom.
Radioactivity
Decays per unit time.
RadioactiveActivity
PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware
A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.
ProtonMass
The rest mass of a proton.
MeanFreePathOfPhonons
average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions
ThermalConductivity
At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature.
In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity.
Plus
ISO80000Reference
Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000.
3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length)
MeanFreePathOfElectrons
Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions.
AbsorbedDose
Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume.
Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin.
ElectricCurrentPhasor
A representation of current as a sinusoidal integral quantity using a complex quantity whose argument is equal to the initial phase and whose modulus is equal to the root-mean-square value.
A phasor is a constant complex number, usually expressed in exponential form, representing the complex amplitude (magnitude and phase) of a sinusoidal function of time. Phasors are used by electrical engineers to simplify computations involving sinusoids, where they can often reduce a differential equation problem to an algebraic one.
MassFractionOfDryMatter
Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water.
Molds
Proton
A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.
NihoniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the nihonium atom.
IsochoricHeatCapacity
Heat capacity at constant volume.
HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume
PoissonNumber
Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
PoissonsRatio
DynamicViscosity
The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied.
Viscosity
NominalProperty
"Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." "A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified.
CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered A color is a nominal property. Sex of a human being.
nominal property
MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction
Number of all quantum states consistent with given energy, volume, and external fields.
PeriodDuration
duration of one cycle of a periodic event
Period
HalfLife
Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei.
RelativePressureCoefficient
Relative change of pressure with temperature at constant volume.
NonLeakageProbability
Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron.
Polynomial
MagnesiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the magnesium atom.
HeatFlowRate
Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval.
CoperniciumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the copernicium atom.
hasEndTask
The relation identifying the tasks of a workflow that are not a temporal cause of other parts of the workflow.
ElectricReactance
The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance.
The imaginary part of the impedance.
AngularMeasure
The abstract notion of angle.
HydrogenSymbol
The symbol that stands for the hydrogen atom.
ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperature'.
LevelWidth
In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state.
MixingRatio
Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air.
The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat.
MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas
ThomsonCoefficient
Quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference.
NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency
Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field.
TransportationDevice
SamariumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the samarium atom.
Painting
OxygenSymbol
The symbol that stands for the oxygen atom.
Luminance
A photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction.
Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²).
Degenerency
For a quantum level, the statistical weight of that level.
Multiplicity
OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent
Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior.
OsmoticFactorOfSolvent
AlgebraicEquation
An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s
2 * a - b = c
SpeedOfLightInVacuum
The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system.
File
In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path.
Capacitance
The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential.
ElectricCapacitance
RadiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the radium atom.
Mobility
Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength.
PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves
Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber.
IsothermalCompressibility
Quantity characterising the relative variation of volume with pressure at constant thermodynamic temperature.
SolidFoam
A foam of trapped gas in a solid.
Aerogel
PhysicalLaw
A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena.
FermiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the fermium atom.
HoleDensity
Number of holes in valence band per volume.
Presses
CentreOfMass
In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame.
The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation.
GaugePressure
The pressure measured relative to the ambient atmospheric pressure.
Gauge pressure can be measured using a diaphragm sensor, where one side of the diaphragm is exposed to the pressure media that is to be measured, while the other side is exposed to the ambient atmospheric pressure.
Fugacity
Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase.
ConcreteOrPlasterPouring
MolarConductivity
Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte.
DateData
A data representing a date.
FermiEnergy
In a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance.
CompactMaterial
Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state
StructureFactor
Mathematical description in crystallography.
PackingFraction
Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number.
Learning
A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a referent, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation.The interpretant is not commmunicated to the external world, but kept in the internal representational space of the interpreter.
DippingForms
hasDeduced
A semiotic relation connecting a deducing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process.
WorkFunction
Least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron.
Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance.
ElectronWorkFunction
ElectrolyticDeposition
AbsoluteHumidity
Mass of the contained water vapour per volume.
MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
Macromolecule
A polyatomic entity containing a very large number of atoms.
Protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.
isDeclarerFor
LatticeVector
translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself
DiffusionLength
In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime.
ShearStrain
Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them.
BoronSymbol
The symbol that stands for the boron atom.
LanthanumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the lanthanum atom.
Division
DewPointTemperature
The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point.
Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation.
RybergConstant
The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state.
RelativeMassFractionOfVapour
Quotient of mass concentration of water vapour and mass concentration at its saturation ψ = r/rsat where r is mass ratio of water vapour to dry gas and rsat is the mass ratio of water vapour to dry gas at saturation of the same temperature.
StructuralFormula
A graphical representation of a molecular structure showing the relative position in space of the atomic constituents and their bonds.
DataBasedSimulationSoftware
A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.
ArithmeticEquation
ScalarMagneticPotential
Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength.
CarbonSymbol
The symbol that stands for the carbon atom.
DieCasting
VolumeFraction
Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing.
PotassiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the potassium atom.
SubjectiveProperty
A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community).
The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10.
Gyroradius
Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field.
LarmorRadius
Folding
FORTRAN
Torque
Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt.
The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis.
DampingCoefficient
Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity.
isInternalRepresentationBy
NonNumericalData
Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types).
KineticEnergy
The energy of an object due to its motion.
IsobaricHeatCapacity
Heat capacity at constant pressure.
HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure
hasURLValue
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO URL data entity.
StandardUnit
A reference unit provided by a reference material. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l
Strain
Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole.
hasSimulatedObject
Relates a simulation to the object or system that is simulated.
hasNonWellFormedPart
A part is connected with the rest item or a member with bi-directional causal relations that does not fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact.
MolarGasConstant
Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle).
StyleSheetLanguage
A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents.
CSS
LondonPenetrationDepth
Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor.
MolarGibbsEnergy
Gibbs energy per amount of substance.
Python
KnownConstant
A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number).
π refers to the constant number ~3.14
MolarHelmholtzEnergy
Helmholtz energy per amount of substance.
hasTemporalSection
A temporal part that is not a slice.
PoloniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the polonium atom.
MarkupLanguage
A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text.
HTML
AreaDensity
Mass per unit area.
NeodymiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the neodymium atom.
MassConcentrationOfWater
Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain.
The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat.
ReactorTimeConstant
Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially.
StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem
Number of different microstates in a subsystem.
CadmiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the cadmium atom.
Gathering
A mixed tiling in which a tile is the next of spatially connected tiles.
hasDatum
Relates a dataset to its datum.
hasPortion
The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type.
A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk).
Magnetization
At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V.
Circle
Self-connected one-manyfold.
MeitneriumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the meitnerium atom.
HallCoefficient
The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor.
SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure
Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure.
VolumeFlowRate
Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt-
VolumetricFlowRate
CarrierLifetime
Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors
RadiantEnergy
Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received.
isPropertyFor
BerylliumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the beryllium atom.
LarmonAngularFrequency
Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field.
MagneticFieldStrength
Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H.
MagnetizingFieldStrength
Convergent
The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type φ of the whole, and so that for every two distinct φ proper parts one is part of the other.
Illuminance
The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area.
GalliumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the gallium atom.
KinematicViscosity
Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid.
Gradient
PlasticModeling
MassEnergyTransferCoefficient
For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R
VoltagePhasor
Complex representation of an oscillating voltage.
DisplacementCurrent
Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S.
StaticFrictionCoefficient
Proportionality factor between the maximum magnitude of the tangential component of the static friction force and the magnitude of the normal component of the contact force between two bodies at relative rest with respect to each other.
CoefficientOfStaticFriction
StaticFrictionFactor
When it is not necessary to distinguish between dynamic friction factor and static friction factor, the name friction factor may be used for both.
SeebeckCoefficient
Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature.
hasURNValue
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO URN data entity.
TotalIonization
Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge.
IridiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the iridium atom.
hasModelledProperty
Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure.
UnintentionalAgency
A process that does not have an active participation of an intentional agent driving it.
BeginTask
An initial task of a workflow.
There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel.
SuperconductionTransitionTemperature
Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor.
JosephsonConstant
Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum.
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter
The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat.
Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter.
SpatialSequence
A monodimensional arrangement of tiles.
Sequence
AngularVelocity
Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise.
CatalyticActivity
Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system.
CopperSymbol
The symbol that stands for the copper atom.
CyclotronAngularFrequency
Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass.
RelativeVolumeStrain
Quotient of change of volume and original volume.
BulkStrain
VolumeStrain
StandardChemicalPotential
The value of the chemical potential under specified standard conditions (in the standard state).
StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent
For solvent A, standard absolute activity of the pure substance A at the same temperature and at a standard pressure.
CondensedFormula
An expression that provides information about the element types that constiture a molecule or a molecular substance and their number, together with simple information about the connectivity of its groups by using parenthesis or by goruping element names according to its molecular structure.
SodiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the sodium atom.
MigrationLength
Square root of the migration area, M^2.
CeramicSintering
hasEndTile
The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections.
hasTemporalLast
IodineSymbol
The symbol that stands for the iodine atom.
RoentgeniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the roentgenium atom.
ExposureRate
Time derivative of exposure.
TotalCurrentDensity
Sum of electric current density and displacement current density.
ElementaryPhoton
A boson with spin of 1 that carries electromagnetism.
NobeliumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the nobelium atom.
Diameter
The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius.
maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre.
Activity
Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval.
LossAngle
Arctan of the loss factor
LinearEnergyTransfer
Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy.
FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing
Magnetizing
InternalConversionFactor
Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay.
InternalConversionCoefficient
LossFactor
Inverse of the quality factor.
MassieuFunction
Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature.
FranciumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the francium atom.
Tortuosity
Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media.
PromethiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the promethium atom.
OrdinalQuantity
"Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
"Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
Hardness Resilience
ordinal quantity
Irradiate
HardeningByDrawing
hasDescription
A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process.
LaserCutting
CeramicMaterial
An inorganic non-metallic solid made from elements (metals, non-metals, semi-metals like silicon) combined into compounds (oxides, carbides, nitrides) that are typically hard, strong, brittle, corrosion-resistant, and good insulators.
Ceramic
Ceramic materials are hardened by intense heat and typically used from pottery and tiles to advanced electronics and aerospace parts.
DisplacementVector
In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position.
HardeningByForging
NuclearQuadrupoleMoment
z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z).
CouplingFactor
Ratio of the absolute value of the mutual permeance related to two circuit elements to the geometric average of their self-permeances.
InductiveCouplingFactor
AstatineSymbol
The symbol that stands for the astatine atom.
ComplexPower
Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor.
ComplexApparentPower
Join
A tessellation in which a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles.
Calendering
wikipediaReference
URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry.
Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system.
ModulusOfRigidity
Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain.
ShearModulus
VolumicCrossSection
In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section.
MacroscopicCrossSection
CuriumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the curium atom.
Extrusion
EnergyFluence
In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area.
HafniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the hafnium atom.
MassFractionOfWater
Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter.
FastFissionFactor
In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only.
VolumicTotalCrossSection
Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms.
MacroscopicTotalCrossSection
StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance
For substance B, an integer number or a simple fraction, being negative for a reactant and positive for a product, occurring in the expression for a chemical reaction.
The factors 1/2 and 3/2 in the chemical reaction formula below are stoicheiometric mumbers of substance. (1/2)N2 + (3/2)H2 = NH3
ElectronCharge
The charge of an electron.
The negative of ElementaryCharge.
MultiplicationFactor
Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration.
isContributedBy
MolarEntropy
Entropy per amount of substance.
RutherfordiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the rutherfordium atom.
MoscoviumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the moscovium atom.
TelluriumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the tellurium atom.
SeleniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the selenium atom.
DoseEquivalentQualityFactor
Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent.
DrawForms
isPartakenBy
The relation between an object O1 that through overlaps an object O2.
RadonSymbol
The symbol that stands for the radon atom.
StandaloneModelSimulation
A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved.
Stress
Force per unit oriented surface area .
Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other.
Parameter
A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation.
Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation
RelativeMassDefect
Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant.
hasCharacterised
CASRN
Chemical Abstact Service registry number for a chemical substance from the American Chemical Society
Exposure
Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air.
PorcelainOrCeramicCasting
MaximumBetaParticleEnergy
Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process.
StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolution
Property of a solute in a solution.
Riveting
NeutronYieldPerAbsorption
Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified.
KermaRate
Time derivative of kerma.
Curvature
Inverse of the radius of curvature.
ComptonWavelength
Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum.
Assignment
A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator.
The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge.
BariumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the barium atom.
AssemblyLine
A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product.
Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed.
MeanLinearRange
Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy.
LiquidFoam
A foam of trapped gas in a liquid.
FiberboardManufacturing
LinearMassDensity
Mass per length.
LinearDensity
LineicMass
InChI
The International Chemical Identifier (InChI) textual identifier proposed by IUPAC to provide a standard encoding for databases of molecular information.
Sphere
A standard 2-manifold with no unconnected boundaries.
FineStructureConstant
A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.
ThermalResistance
The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance.
Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate.
ReactivePower
Imaginary part of the complex power.
hasPrefixSymbol
Relates a SI prefixed unit to the prefix symbol.
CanonicalPartitionFunction
Sum over quantum states of energy in a system in equilibrium.
In physics, a partition function describes the statistical properties of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium. Partition functions are functions of the thermodynamic state variables, such as the temperature and volume. Most of the aggregate thermodynamic variables of the system, such as the total energy, free energy, entropy, and pressure, can be expressed in terms of the partition function or its derivatives. The partition function is dimensionless.
MaterialByForceResponse
VectorData
The datatype for monodimensional arrays.
SubClassOf: hasSpatialTile some ScalarData
IonTransportNumber
Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species.
CurrentFraction
TransferrenceNumber
BurgersVector
Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice.
NewtonianConstantOfGravity
Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity.
Assigned
An estimated that has been assigned by an agent.
Input parameter to a model that has been assigned by a modeller (agent).
GrueneisenParamter
Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice.
Cementing
NuclearRadius
Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included,
ScalarData
A symbolic data that is not array data.
Scalar data are primitive symbolic data that are not built up of other types of symbolic data.
AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced
Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle.
RhodiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the rhodium atom.
VacuumMagneticPermeability
The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant.
The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum.
Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s.
Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume.
The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat.
PeltierCoefficient
Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b.
RotationalDisplacement
Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation.
HolmiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the holmium atom.
Permeance
Inverse of the reluctance.
SpecificGibbsEnergy
Gibbs energy per unit mass.
hasFractionalCollection
A sub collection realtion where the proper part is cutting members of the collection.
CentrifugalCasting
FlameCutting
PlasmaCutting
LuminousFlux
Perceived power of light.
ExtentOfReaction
Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number.
GibbsEnergy
Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems.
GibbsFreeEnergy
Acceleration
Derivative of velocity with respect to time.
ThermodynamicEfficiency
Performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, expressed as the ratio of work done over thermal energy used.
ThermalEfficiency
Dust
A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere.
RadiantFlux
The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time.
MolybdenumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the molybdenum atom.
Width
Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal.
The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness.
Breadth
PlatinumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the platinum atom.
MagneticSusceptibility
Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J.
OganessonSymbol
The symbol that stands for the oganesson atom.
ExchangeIntegral
constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions
Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron.
GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron
MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron
ElectronRadius
Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly.
ElectrolyticConductivity
Electric conductivity of an electrolyte.
ShortRangeOrderParameter
fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction
MagnetomotiveForce
Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path.
SpeedFractionUnit
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds.
Unit for refractive index.
Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared.
Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective.
SilverSymbol
The symbol that stands for the silver atom.
SpecificInternalEnergy
Internal energy per unit mass.
ArchetypeManufacturing
A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process.
Urformen
PrimitiveForming
DiffusionArea
One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class.
NeptuniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the neptunium atom.
Kerma
Kinetic energy released per mass.
MolarMass
Mass per amount of substance.
TransientLiquidPhaseSintering
ReactionEnergy
In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants.
ThoriumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the thorium atom.
TransformationLanguage
A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal.
Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML
MutualInductance
Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current.
Molality
quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m.
AmountPerMass
VonKlitzingConstant
Resistance quantum.
The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge.
LinearAttenuationCoefficient
In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material.
LinkedModelsSimulation
A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially.
SurfaceMassDensity
at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA.
AreicMass
SurfaceDensity
Attenuation
Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium.
Extinction
ClassicalData
Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time.
BismuthSymbol
The symbol that stands for the bismuth atom.
MolarEnthalpy
Enthalpy per amount of substance.
TotalCrossSection
Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity.
ElectricSusceptibility
Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength.
hasCharacteriser
NumberOfTurnsInAWinding
Number of turns in a winding.
HassiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the hassium atom.
ModulusOfImpedance
Quotient of the rms value of the voltage between the terminals of a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit by the rms value of the electric current in the element or circuit.
SparkPlasmaSintering
NeelTemperature
Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet.
IonizationEnergy
Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance.
NiobiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the niobium atom.
NonAgent
A participant that does not have an active role in driving the process.
AmericiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the americium atom.
SpecificEntropy
Quotient of entropy and mass.
NumberOfElements
Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic.
Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level.
MaterialLaw
A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object.
Volume
Extent of an object in space.
GravityCasting
LawrenciumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the lawrencium atom.
Assigner
A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object.
I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H.
ShellScript
A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell.
DegreeOfDissociation
Dissociation may occur stepwise.
Ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events.
DissociationFraction
ElectricFieldStrength
Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle.
CompositeMaterial
A material that contains two or more constituent materials.
Composite
hasSpatialSlice
A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole.
hasSpatialIntegralPart
In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive.
CaesiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the caesium atom.
EnergyFluenceRate
In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence.
Hyperon
A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark.
This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars.
TensorMeson
A meson with spin two.
Modeller
A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties).
ActivityDensity
Activity per unit volume of the sample.
ActivityConcentration
VolumetricActivity
VolumicActivity
RubidiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the rubidium atom.
HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs
The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. It defines the base unit second in the SI system.
PropagationCoefficient
Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction.
hasTemporalEnd
GroupVelocity
Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space.
GroupSpeed
MaterialSynthesis
The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding).
Deals with undefined shapes both input and output.
HeliumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the helium atom.
OsmiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the osmium atom.
PolymericMaterial
A substance made of macromolecules formed by linking many smaller, repeating chemical units called monomers into long chains or networks, resulting in unique properties like toughness, elasticity, or flexibility, found in both natural forms (like DNA, protein) and synthetic plastics, rubbers, and fibers.
SpecificationLanguage
A language used to describe what a computer system should do.
ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ...
XenonSymbol
The symbol that stands for the xenon atom.
Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus.
SlowingDownLength
Square root of the slowing down area.
Action
Physical quantity of dimension energy × time.
Susceptance
Imaginary part of the admittance.
AluminiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the aluminium atom.
NonTemporalRole
An holistic spatial part of a whole.
HolisticSpatialPart
MagneticTension
Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b.
MassAttenuationCoefficient
Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium.
Expressing
A semiosis where the interpreter wants to express an interpretant (e.g., an idea, a reasoning, a distant entity) to the rest of the world by the production of a sign. In the intention of the interpreter, the sign should impress another agent with an intended interpretation that should match his one.
hasMeasuredProperty
Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure.
YtterbiumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the ytterbium atom.
FermiTemperature
in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant
iupacReference
DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC
KineticFrictionForce
Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface.
DynamicFrictionForce
ArtificialAgency
An intentional agency exercised by artificial systems that have internal states that enables adaptive regulation of the agent’s coupling with the environment and metabolic self-maintenance.
ThermalConductance
Reciprocal of the thermal resistance.
hasBeginTile
The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections.
hasTemporalFirst
Unknown
The dependent variable for which an equation has been written.
Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation.
RadiusOfCurvature
Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve.
ThermoelectricVoltage
Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect.
PerLengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLength'.
PhaseCoefficient
Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave.
PhaseChangeCoefficient
The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient.
CaliforniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the californium atom.
ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter
A dimensionless thermodynamic parameter named after German physicist Eduard Grüneisen.
BoltzmannConstant
A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system.
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
MathematicalConstruct
A construct of two or more mathematical symbols.
EarthMass
Earth mass (M⊕) is the unit of mass equal to that of the Earth. In SI Units, 1 M⊕ = 5.9722 × 10²⁴ kg. Earth mass is often used to describe masses of rocky terrestrial planets. The four terrestrial planets of the Solar System, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, have masses of 0.055, 0.815, 1.000, and 0.107 Earth masses respectively. -- QUDT
Earth mass
ElectronVoltPerKelvin
`Electron Volt per Kelvin` is a unit for 'Heat Capacity' expressed as eV/K. -- QUDT
Electron Volt per Kelvin
ElectronVoltPerTesla
"Electron Volt per Tesla" is a unit for 'Magnetic Dipole Moment' expressed as eV T⁻¹. -- QUDT
Electron Volt per Tesla
ElectronVoltSecond
"Electron Volt Second" is a unit for 'Angular Momentum' expressed as eV s. -- QUDT
Electron Volt Second
ElectronvoltPerAngstrom
unit electronvolt divided by the unit angstrom -- QUDT
Electronvolt Per Angstrom
ElectronvoltPerMetre
unit electronvolt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Electronvolt Per Metre
`Elementary Charge`, usually denoted as `e`, is the electric charge carried by a single proton, or equivalently, the negation (opposite) of the electric charge carried by a single electron. This elementary charge is a fundamental physical constant. To avoid confusion over its sign, e is sometimes called the elementary positive charge. This charge has a measured value of approximately 1.602176634 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs. In the cgs system, e is 4.80320471257026372 × 10⁻¹⁰ statcoulombs. -- QUDT
Elementary Charge
Erg
An erg is the unit of energy and mechanical work in the centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units, symbol 'erg'. Its name is derived from the Greek ergon, meaning 'work'. An erg is the amount of work done by a force of one dyne exerted for a distance of one centimeter. In the CGS base units, it is equal to one gram centimeter-squared per second-squared (g · cm²/s²). It is thus equal to 10⁻⁷ joules or 100 nanojoules in SI units. 1 erg = 10⁻⁷ J = 100 nJ, 1 erg = 624.15 GeV = 6.2415 × 10¹¹ eV, 1 erg = 1 dyne· cm = 1 g · cm²/s². -- QUDT
CGS unit of the length-related energy -- QUDT
Erg Per Centimetre
Erg per Cubic Centimetre
ErgPerGram
CGS unit of the mass-related energy -- QUDT
Erg per Gram
ErgPerGramSecond
CGS unit of the mass-related power -- QUDT
Erg Per Gram Second
ErgPerSecond
"Erg per Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Power' expressed as erg/s. -- QUDT
Erg per Second
"Erg per Square Centimeter Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Power Per Area' expressed as erg/(cm²-s). -- QUDT
Erg per Square Centimetre Second
ErgSecond
Erg Second
Erlang
The "Erlang" is a dimensionless unit that is used in telephony as a measure of offered load or carried load on service-providing elements such as telephone circuits or telephone switching equipment. -- QUDT
The exabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix exa means 10¹⁸ in the International System of Units (SI), so ExaByte is 10¹⁸ Bytes. -- QUDT
ExaByte
An ExaCoulomb is 10¹⁸ C. -- QUDT
ExaCoulomb
1 000 000 000 000 000 000-fold of the derived SI unit joule -- QUDT
The exbibyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix exbi means 1024⁶ -- QUDT
ExbiByte
FailuresInTime
unit of failure rate -- QUDT
Failures In Time
FaradPerKiloMetre
SI derived unit farad divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Farad Per Kilometre
Faraday
"Faraday" is a unit for 'Electric Charge' expressed as F. -- QUDT
Fathom
A fathom = 1.8288 meters, is a unit of length in the imperial and the U.S. customary systems, used especially for measuring the depth of water. There are two yards in an imperial or U.S. fathom. Originally based on the distance between the man's outstretched arms, the size of a fathom has varied slightly depending on whether it was defined as a thousandth of an (Admiralty) nautical mile or as a multiple of the imperial yard. Abbreviations: f, fath, fm, fth, fthm. -- QUDT
A FemtoCoulomb is 10⁻¹⁵ C. -- QUDT
FemtoCoulomb
FemtoGram
One part per 10**18 by mass of the measurand in the matrix. -- QUDT
Femtograms per kilogram
One 10**18 part of the SI standard unit of mass of the measurand per litre volume of matrix.. -- QUDT
Femtograms per litre
0,000 000 000 000 001-fold of the derived SI unit joule -- QUDT
0.000000000000001-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
The `femtometre` is an SI unit of length equal to 10⁻¹⁵ meter. This distance can also be called `fermi` and was so named in honour of Enrico Fermi. It is often encountered in nuclear physics as a characteristic of this scale. The symbol for the fermi is also fm. -- QUDT
FemtoMole
A 10**15 part quantity of substance of the measurand per kilogram mass of matrix. -- QUDT
Femtomoles per kilogram
A 10**18 part quantity of substance of the measurand per litre volume of matrix. -- QUDT
Femtomoles per litre
Fermi
The `fermi`, or `femtometer` (other spelling femtometre, symbol fm) is an SI unit of length equal to 10⁻¹⁵ metre. This distance is often encountered in nuclear physics as a characteristic of this scale. The symbol for the fermi is also fm. -- QUDT
fermi
Foot
A foot is a unit of length defined as being 0.3048 m exactly and used in the imperial system of units and United States customary units. It is subdivided into 12 inches. The foot is still officially used in Canada and still commonly used in the United Kingdom, although the latter has partially metricated its units of measurement. -- QUDT
FootCandle
"Foot Candle" is a unit for 'Luminous Flux Per Area' expressed as fc. -- QUDT
Foot Candle
FootLambert
"Foot Lambert" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Luminance' expressed as ft-L. -- QUDT
Foot Lambert
FootOfMercury
not SI conform unit of the pressure, at which 1 ftHg corresponds to the static pressure, which is excited by a mercury column with a height of 1 foot -- QUDT
Foot Of Mercury
FootOfWater
"Foot of Water" is a unit for 'Force Per Area' expressed as ftH2O. -- QUDT
Foot of Water
FootPerDay
"Foot per Day" is an Imperial unit for 'Linear Velocity' expressed as ft/d. -- QUDT
Foot per Day
FootPerDegreeFahrenheit
unit foot as a linear measure according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for temperature degree Fahrenheit -- QUDT
Foot Per Degree Fahrenheit
FootPerHour
"Foot per Hour" is an Imperial unit for 'Linear Velocity' expressed as ft/hr. -- QUDT
Foot per Hour
FootPerMinute
"Foot per Minute" is an Imperial unit for 'Linear Velocity' expressed as ft/min. -- QUDT
Foot per Minute
FootPerSecond
`foot per second` (plural `feet per second`) is a unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector quantity, which includes direction). It expresses the distance in feet (ft) traveled or displaced, divided by the time in seconds (s, or sec). The corresponding unit in the International System of Units (SI) is the `metre per second`. Abbreviations include ft/s, ft/sec and fps, and the rarely used scientific notation ft s. -- QUDT
Foot per Second
FootPerSquareSecond
`Foot per Square Second` is an Imperial unit for `Linear Acceleration` expressed as ft/s². -- QUDT
Foot per Square Second
FootPoundForce
"Foot Pound Force" is an Imperial unit for 'Energy And Work' expressed as ft-lbf. -- QUDT
Foot Pound Force
FootPoundForcePerHour
"Foot Pound Force per Hour" is an Imperial unit for 'Power' expressed as ft-lbf/hr. -- QUDT
Foot Pound Force per Hour
FootPoundForcePerMinute
"Foot Pound Force per Minute" is an Imperial unit for 'Power' expressed as ft-lbf/min. -- QUDT
Foot Pound Force per Minute
FootPoundForcePerSecond
"Foot Pound Force per Second" is an Imperial unit for 'Power' expressed as ft-lbf/s. -- QUDT
Foot Pound Force per Second
FootPoundForcePerSquareFootSecond
"Foot Pound Force per Square Foot Second" is an Imperial unit for 'Power Per Area' expressed as ft · lbf/(ft² · s). -- QUDT
Foot Pound Force per Square Foot Second
FootPoundForcePerSquareMetre
"Foot Pound Force per Square Meter" is a unit for 'Energy Per Area' expressed as ft-lbf/m². -- QUDT
Foot Pound Force per Square Metre
FootPoundForceSecond
"Foot Pound Force Second" is a unit for 'Angular Momentum' expressed as lbf / s. -- QUDT
Foot Pound Force Second
FootPoundPerSquareFoot
"Foot Pound per Square Foot" is an Imperial unit for 'Energy Per Area' expressed as ft-lbf/ft². -- QUDT
Foot Pound per Square Foot
FootPoundal
"Foot Poundal" is an Imperial unit for 'Energy And Work' expressed as ft-pdl. -- QUDT
Foot Poundal
Fraction
Fraction is a unit for 'Dimensionless Ratio' expressed as the value of the ratio itself. -- QUDT
FractionalArea
"Fractional area" is a unit for 'Solid Angle' expressed as fa. -- QUDT
Fractional area
FramePerSecond
"Frame per Second" is a unit for 'Video Frame Rate' expressed as fps. -- QUDT
Frame per Second
Franklin
"Franklin" is a unit for 'Electric Charge' expressed as Fr. -- QUDT
FrenchGauge
unit for the diameter of thin tubes in the medical technology (e.g. catheter) and telecommunications engineering (e.g. fiberglasses). -- QUDT
French Gauge
Furlong
A furlong is a measure of distance in imperial units and U.S. customary units equal to one-eighth of a mile, equivalent to 220 yards, 660 feet, 40 rods, or 10 chains. The exact value of the furlong varies slightly among English-speaking countries. Five furlongs are approximately 1 kilometre (1.0058 km is a closer approximation). Since the original definition of the metre was one-quarter of one ten-millionth of the circumference of the Earth (along the great circle coincident with the meridian of longitude passing through Paris), the circumference of the Earth is about 40,000 km or about 200,000 furlongs. -- QUDT
Gal_Uk
unit of the volume for fluids according to the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Gallon (UK)
Gal_Uk_Per_Day
unit gallon (UK dry or liq.) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the SI unit day -- QUDT
Gallon (UK) Per Day
Gal_Uk_Per_Hr
unit gallon (UK dry or Liq.) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the SI unit hour -- QUDT
Gallon (UK) Per Hour
Gal_Uk_Per_Min
unit gallon (UK dry or liq.) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the SI unit minute -- QUDT
Gallon (UK) Per Minute
Gal_Uk_Per_Sec
unit gallon (UK dry or liq.) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Gallon (UK) Per Second
Gal_Us_Per_Hr
unit gallon (US, liq.) according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the SI unit hour -- QUDT
Gallon (US) Per Hour
Gal_Us_Per_Sec
unit gallon (US, liq.) according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Gallon (US Liquid) Per Second
Galileo
CGS unit of acceleration called gal with the definition: 1 Gal = 1 cm/s -- QUDT
Gamma
"Gamma" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Magnetic Field'. -- QUDT
Gi_Uk
unit of the volume for fluids according to the Imperial system of units (1/32 Imperial Gallon) -- QUDT
Gill (UK)
Gi_Uk_Per_Day
unit of the volume gill (UK) for fluids according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Gill (UK) Per Day
Gi_Uk_Per_Hr
unit of the volume gill (UK) for fluids according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Gill (UK) Per Hour
Gi_Uk_Per_Min
unit of the volume gill (UK) for fluids according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Gill (UK) Per Minute
Gi_Uk_Per_Sec
unit of the volume gill (UK) for fluids according to the Imperial system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Gill (UK) Per Second
Gi_Us
unit of the volume according the Anglo-American system of units (1/32 US Gallon) -- QUDT
Gill (US)
Gi_Us_Per_Day
unit of the volume gill (US) for fluids according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Gill (US) Per Day
Gi_Us_Per_Hr
unit of the volume gill (US) for fluids according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Gill (US) Per Hour
Gi_Us_Per_Min
unit of the volume gill (US) for fluids according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Gill (US) Per Minute
Gi_Us_Per_Sec
unit of the volume gill (US) for fluids according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Gill (US) Per Second
The gibibyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information storage. The prefix gibi means 1024³ -- QUDT
GibiByte
GigaBasepair
A giga basepair (abbreviated Gb, or Gbp for giga basepairs.) is a unit of measurement used to help designate the length of DNA. One gigabase is equal to 1 billion bases. -- QUDT
Giga basepair
GigaBasePair
1 000 000 000-fold of the derived SI unit becquerel -- QUDT
A gigabit per second (Gbit/s or Gb/s) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,000,000,000 bits per second. -- QUDT
Gigabit per Second
The gigabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information storage. The prefix giga means 10 in the International System of Units (SI), therefore 1 gigabyte is 1,000,000,000 bytes. The unit symbol for the gigabyte is GB or Gbyte, but not Gb (lower case b) which is typically used for the gigabit. Historically, the term has also been used in some fields of computer science and information technology to denote the gibibyte, or 1073741824 bytes. -- QUDT
GigaByte
GigaCoulomb
1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Gigacoulomb Per Cubic Metre
GigaElectronVolt
"Giga Electron Volt" is a unit for 'Energy And Work' expressed as GeV. -- QUDT
Giga Electron Volt
The hertz (symbol Hz) is the SI unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon. A GigaHertz is 10⁹ hz. -- QUDT
product of the 1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit hertz and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Gigahertz Metre
1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT
1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal -- QUDT
1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT
1 000 000 000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit watt and the unit hour -- QUDT
Gigawatt Hour
Gilbert
The fundamental unit of magnetomotive force (mmf) in electromagnetic units is called a Gilbert. It is the mmf which will produce a magnetic field strength of one Gauss (Maxwell per Square Centimeter) in a path one centimeter long. -- QUDT
Gon
"Gon" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Plane Angle' expressed as gon. -- QUDT
Grad
"Grad" is a unit for 'Plane Angle' expressed as grad. -- QUDT
Grade
the tangent of an angle of inclination multiplied by 100 -- QUDT
Grain
A grain is a unit of measurement of mass that is nominally based upon the mass of a single seed of a cereal. The grain is the only unit of mass measure common to the three traditional English mass and weight systems; the obsolete Tower grain was, by definition, exactly /64 of a troy grain. Since 1958, the grain or troy grain measure has been defined in terms of units of mass in the International System of Units as precisely 64.79891 milligrams. Thus, 1 gram ≈ 15.4323584 grains. There are precisely 7,000 grains per avoirdupois pound in the imperial and U.S. customary units, and 5,760 grains in the Troy pound. -- QUDT
GrainPerGallon
"Grain per Gallon" is an Imperial unit for 'Density' expressed as gr/gal. -- QUDT
Grain per Gallon
Grain_Per_Gal_Us
unit of the density according to the Anglo-American system of units -- QUDT
Grain Per Gallon (US)
A metric unit of volume over time indicating the amount generated across one square meter over a day. Used to express productivity of an ecosystem. -- QUDT
grams Carbon per square metre per day
GramDegreeCelsius
`Gram Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Mass Temperature' expressed as g · degC. -- QUDT
Gram Degree Celsius
GramForce
"Gram Force" is a unit for 'Force' expressed as gf. -- QUDT
Gram Force
not SI conform unit of the pressure -- QUDT
Gram Force Per Square Centimetre
unit of the imbalance as product of the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram and the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Gram Millimetre
A metric unit of volume over time indicating the amount of Nitrogen generated across one square meter over a day. Used to express productivity of an ecosystem. -- QUDT
grams Nitrogen per square metre per day
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Gram Per Cubic Centimetre
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Gram Per Cubic Decimetre
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 1000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Gram Per Kilometre
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold the SI base unit meter -- QUDT
Gram Per Millimetre
GramPerMole
0,01-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
Gram Per Mole
A rate of change of 0.001 of the SI unit of mass over 0.00001 of the SI unit of area in a period of an average calendar year (365.25 days) -- QUDT
Grams per square centimetre per year
GrayPerSecond
"Gray per Second" is a unit for 'Absorbed Dose Rate' expressed as Gy/s. -- QUDT
Gray per Second
GrossTonnage
Gross tonnage (GT, G.T. or gt) is a nonlinear measure of a ship's overall internal volume. Gross tonnage is different from gross register tonnage. Gross tonnage is used to determine things such as a ship's manning regulations, safety rules, registration fees, and port dues, whereas the older gross register tonnage is a measure of the volume of only certain enclosed spaces. -- QUDT
Gross Tonnage
Hartley
The "Hartley" is a unit of information. -- QUDT
HartleyPerSecond
The "Hartley per Second" is a unit of information rate. -- QUDT
Hartley per Second
Hartree
The `Hartree` (symbol: E_h or Ha), also known as the `Hartree Energy`, is the atomic unit of energy. The hartree energy is equal to the absolute value of the electric potential energy of the hydrogen atom in its ground state. The energy of the electron in an H-atom in its ground state is -E_H, where E_H= 2 R_∞ · hc₀. The 2006 CODATA recommended value was E_H = 4.35974394(22) × 10⁻¹⁸ J = 27.21138386(68) eV. Definition: E_H = e²/(4π ε₀ a₀) where, e is the elementary charge, ε₀ is the electric constant, and a₀ is the Bohr radius.' -- QUDT
HeartBeatsPerMinute
"Heart Beat per Minute" is a unit for 'Heart Rate' expressed as BPM. -- QUDT
Heart Beats per Minute
Hectare
A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides.
The customary metric unit of land area, equal to 100 ares. One hectare is a square hectometer, that is, the area of a square 100 meters on each side: exactly 10 000 square meters or approximately 107 639.1 square feet, 11 959.9 square yards, or 2.471 054 acres. -- QUDT
100-fold of the unit bar -- QUDT
"HectoCoulomb" is a unit for 'Electric Charge' expressed as hC. -- QUDT
HectoCoulomb
0.1-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
100-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
100-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Hectopascal is a unit of pressure. 1 Pa is approximately the pressure exerted by a 10-g mass resting on a 1-cm2 area. 1013 hPa = 1 atm. There are 100 pascals in 1 hectopascal. -- QUDT
product out of the 100-fold of the SI unit pascal and the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Hectopascal Cubic Metre Per Second
product out of the 100-fold of the SI derived unit pascal and the unit litre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Hectopascal Litre Per Second
100-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the unit bar -- QUDT
Hectopascal Per Bar
A change in pressure of one hundred Newtons per square metre (100 Pascals) per hour. Equivalent to a change of one millibar per hour. -- QUDT
Hectopascals per hour
100-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Hectopascal Per Kelvin
HertzPerVolt
In the Hertz per Volt standard the frequency of the note is directly related to the voltage. A pitch of a note goes up one octave when its frequency doubles, meaning that the voltage will have to double for every octave rise. Depending on the footage (octave) selected, nominally one volt gives 1000Hz, two volts 2000Hz and so on. In terms of notes, bottom C would be 0.25 volts, the next C up would be 0.5 volts, then 1V, 2V, 4V, 8V for the following octaves. This system was used mainly by Yamaha and Korg. -- QUDT
Hertz per Volt
Horsepower
550 foot-pound force per second -- QUDT
Hour
Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds.
The hour (common symbol: h or hr) is a unit of measurement of time. In modern usage, an hour comprises 60 minutes, or 3,600 seconds. It is approximately 1/24 of a mean solar day. An hour in the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) time standard can include a negative or positive leap second, and may therefore have a duration of 3,599 or 3,601 seconds for adjustment purposes. Although it is not a standard defined by the International System of Units, the hour is a unit accepted for use with SI, represented by the symbol h. -- QUDT
HourSquareFoot
"Hour Square Foot" is an Imperial unit for 'Area Time' expressed as hr-ft². -- QUDT
Hour Square Foot
Hp_Brake
unit of the power according to the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Horsepower (brake)
Hp_Electric
unit of the power according to the Anglo-American system of units -- QUDT
Horsepower (electric)
Hp_Metric
unit of the mechanical power according to the Anglo-American system of units -- QUDT
Horsepower (metric)
HundredWeight_Short
"Hundred Weight - Short" is a unit for 'Mass' expressed as cwt. -- QUDT
Hundred Weight - Short
Hundredweight_Uk
out of use unit of the mass according to the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Hundredweight (UK)
Hundredweight_Us
Hundredweight (US)
ImperialGallon
"Imperial Gallon" is an Imperial unit for 'Liquid Volume' expressed as galIMP. -- QUDT
Imperial Gallon
ImperialMassOuncePerCubicInch
"Ounce per Cubic Inch" is an Imperial unit for 'Density' expressed as oz/in³. -- QUDT
Imperial Mass Ounce per Cubic Inch
ImperialMassOuncePerGallon
"Ounce per Gallon" is an Imperial unit for 'Density' expressed as oz/gal. -- QUDT
Imperial Mass Ounce per Gallon
ImperialMassOuncePerSquareFoot
"Ounce per Square Foot" is an Imperial unit for 'Mass Per Area' expressed as oz/ft². -- QUDT
Imperial Mass Ounce per Square Foot
ImperialMassOuncePerSquareYard
"Ounce per Square Yard" is an Imperial unit for 'Mass Per Area' expressed as oz/yd². -- QUDT
Imperial Mass Ounce per Square Yard
ImperialOunceForce
"Ounce Force" is an Imperial unit for 'Force' expressed as ozf. -- QUDT
Imperial Ounce Force
ImperialOunceForceInch
"Ounce Force Inch" is an Imperial unit for 'Torque' expressed as ozf-in. -- QUDT
Imperial Ounce Force Inch
ImperialPint
"Imperial Pint" is an Imperial unit for 'Volume' expressed as pint. -- QUDT
Imperial Pint
InchOfMercury
Inches of mercury, (inHg) is a unit of measurement for pressure. It is still widely used for barometric pressure in weather reports, refrigeration and aviation in the United States, but is seldom used elsewhere. It is defined as the pressure exerted by a column of mercury of 1 inch in height at 32 °F at the standard acceleration of gravity. 1 inHg = 3,386.389 pascals at 0 °C. -- QUDT
Inch of Mercury
InchOfWater
Inches of water, wc, inch water column (inch WC), inAq, Aq, or inH2O is a non-SI unit for pressure. The units are by convention and due to the historical measurement of certain pressure differentials. It is used for measuring small pressure differences across an orifice, or in a pipeline or shaft. Inches of water can be converted to a pressure unit using the formula for pressure head. It is defined as the pressure exerted by a column of water of 1 inch in height at defined conditions for example 39 °F at the standard acceleration of gravity; 1 inAq is approximately equal to 249 pascals at 0 °C. -- QUDT
Inch of Water
InchPerDegreeFahrenheit
unit inch according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for temperature degree Fahrenheit -- QUDT
Inch Per Degree Fahrenheit
InchPerSecond
The inch per second is a unit of speed or velocity. It expresses the distance in inches (in) traveled or displaced, divided by time in seconds (s, or sec). The equivalent SI unit is the metre per second. Abbreviations include in/s, in/sec, ips, and less frequently in s. -- QUDT
Inch per Second
InchPerSquareSecond
`Inch per Square second` is an Imperial unit for `Linear Acceleration` expressed as in/s². -- QUDT
Inch per Square second
InternationalMile
The exact length of the land mile varied slightly among English-speaking countries until the international yard and pound agreement in 1959 established the yard as exactly 0.9144 metres, giving a mile of exactly 1,609.344 metres. The United States adopted this international mile for most purposes, but retained the pre-1959 mile for some land-survey data, terming it the US survey mile. In the US, statute mile formally refers to the survey mile, about 3.219 mm (1/8 inch) longer than the international mile (the international mile is exactly 0.0002% less than the US survey mile). -- QUDT
International Mile
InternationalTableCalorie
International Table calorie. -- QUDT
International Table calorie
InternationalUnit
International Unit is a unit for `Amount Of Substance` expressed as IU. -- QUDT
International Unit
InternationalUnitPerLitre
"International Unit per Liter" is a unit for 'Serum Or Plasma Level' expressed as IU/L. -- QUDT
International Unit per Litre
International Units per milligramme. -- QUDT
International Unit per milligram
InverseSquarePlanckMass
In physics, the Planck mass, denoted by m_P, is the unit of mass in the system of natural units known as Planck units. It is defined so that ≈ 1.2209 × 10 GeV/c₀ = 2.17651(13) × 10 kg, (or 21.7651 μ g), where c₀ is the speed of light in a vacuum, G is the gravitational constant, and ℏ is the reduced Planck constant. Particle physicists and cosmologists often use the reduced Planck mass, which is ≈ 4.341 × 10 kg = 2.435 × 10 GeV/c. The added factor of 1/√(8π) simplifies a number of equations in general relativity. Quantum effects are typified by the magnitude of Planck's constant. -- QUDT
Inverse Square Planck Mass
JouleMetrePerMole
`Joule Meter per Mole` is a unit for 'Length Molar Energy' expressed as J · m · mol⁻¹. -- QUDT
Joule Metre per Mole
JoulePerCubicMetreKelvin
`Joule per Cubic Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Volumetric Heat Capacity' expressed as J/(m³ K). -- QUDT
Joule per Cubic Metre Kelvin
JoulePerGram
SI derived unit joule divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Joule Per Gram
JoulePerHour
SI derived unit joule divided by the 3600 times the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Joule Per Hour
Joule per kilogram and Kelvin and cubic metre.
Joule per kilogram and Kelvin and Pascal.
JoulePerMetre
Joule per metre.
JoulePerMoleKelvin
Energy needed to heat one mole of substance by 1 Kelvin, under standard conditions (not standard temperature and pressure STP). The standard molar entropy is usually given the symbol S, and has units of joules per mole kelvin ( J· mol⁻¹ K⁻¹). Unlike standard enthalpies of formation, the value of S is an absolute. That is, an element in its standard state has a nonzero value of S at room temperature. -- QUDT
Joule per Mole Kelvin
JoulePerQuarticMetre
`Joule Per Quartic Meter` (J/m⁴) is a unit for the spectral concentration of radiant energy density (in terms of wavelength), or the spectral radiant energy density (in terms of wave length). This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT
Joule per Quartic Metre
JoulePerSquareCentiMetre
derived SI unit joule divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
Joule Per Square Centimetre
Radiant energy per 10⁻⁴ SI unit area over a period of one day. -- QUDT
Joules per square centimetre per day
JoulePerSquareTesla
A measure of the diamagnetic energy, for a Bohr-radius spread around a magnetic axis, per square Tesla. -- QUDT
Joule per Square Tesla
JoulePerTesla
The magnetic moment of a magnet is a quantity that determines the force that the magnet can exert on electric currents and the torque that a magnetic field will exert on it. A loop of electric current, a bar magnet, an electron, a molecule, and a planet all have magnetic moments. The unit for magnetic moment is not a base unit in the International System of Units (SI) and it can be represented in more than one way. For example, in the current loop definition, the area is measured in square meters and I is measured in amperes, so the magnetic moment is measured in ampere-square meters (A m2). In the equation for torque on a moment, the torque is measured in joules and the magnetic field in tesla, so the moment is measured in Joules per Tesla (J u00b7T-1). These two representations are equivalent: 1 A u00b7m2 = 1 J u00b7T-1. -- QUDT
Joule per Tesla
JouleSecondPerMole
`Joule Second per Mole` is a unit for 'Molar Angular Momentum' expressed as J s mol⁻¹. -- QUDT
Joule Second per Mole
JouleSquareMetre
Joule square metre.
Joule square metre per kilogram.
Kayser
KelvinDay
Kelvin day unit.
Kelvin metre.
Kelvin metre per second.
KelvinMetrePerWatt
product of the SI base unit kelvin and the SI base unit metre divided by the derived SI unit watt -- QUDT
Kelvin Metre Per Watt
Kelvin Pascal per second.
KelvinPerHour
`Kelvin per Hour` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as K / h. -- QUDT
Kelvin per Hour
KelvinPerKelvin
SI base unit kelvin divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Kelvin Per Kelvin
KelvinPerMetre
A change of temperature on the Kelvin temperature scale in one SI unit of length. -- QUDT
KelvinPerMeter
KelvinPerMinute
`Kelvin per Minute` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as K / m. -- QUDT
Kelvin per Minute
KelvinPerSecond
`Kelvin per Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as K / s. -- QUDT
Kelvin per Second
KelvinPerSquareSecond
`Kelvin per Square Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time Squared' expressed as K / s². -- QUDT
Kelvin per Square Second
KelvinPerTesla
`Kelvin per Tesla` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Magnetic Flux Density' expressed as K T⁻¹. -- QUDT
Kelvin per Tesla
KelvinPerWatt
Thermal resistance is a heat property and a measure of a temperature difference by which an object or material resists a heat flow (heat per time unit or thermal resistance). Thermal resistance is the reciprocal thermal conductance. Absolute thermal resistance is the temperature difference across a structure when a unit of heat energy flows through it in unit time. It is the reciprocal of thermal conductance. The SI units of thermal resistance are kelvins per watt or the equivalent degrees Celsius per watt (the two are the same since as intervals). -- QUDT
Kelvin per Watt
KelvinSecond
Kelvin second.
Kelvin square metres per kilogram and second.
The kibibyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information equivalent to 1024 bytes. -- QUDT
KibiByte
KiloAmpere
A kiloampere is 1000 A
kiloampere
product of the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere and the unit hour -- QUDT
Kiloampere Hour
1 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kiloampere Per Metre
1 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Kiloampere Per Square Metre
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit becquerel -- QUDT
A kilobit per second (kB/s) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,000 bits per second. -- QUDT
Kilobit per Second
Kilo British Thermal Unit (International Definition)
Kilo British Thermal Unit (International Definition) per Hour
Kilo British Thermal Unit (Thermochemical Definition)
unit of the heat energy according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Kilo British Thermal Unit (thermochemical) Per Hour
KiloByte
The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information equivalent to 1000 bytes. Although the prefix kilo- means 1000, the term kilobyte and symbol kB have historically been used to refer to either 1024 (210) bytes or 1000 (103) bytes, dependent upon context, in the fields of computer science and information technology. This ambiguity is removed in QUDT, with KibiBYTE used to refer to 1024 bytes. -- QUDT
Kilo Byte
A kilobyte per second (kByte/s) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1000 bytes per second or 8000 bits per second. -- QUDT
Kilobyte per Second
1000-fold of the unit calorie, which is used particularly for calorific values of food -- QUDT
Kilocalorie (international Table)
1 000-fold of the no longer approved unit international calorie for energy divided by the product of the SI base unit metre, the unit hour for time and the unit degree Celsius for temperature -- QUDT
Kilocalorie (international Table) Per Hour Metre Degree Celsius
Kilocalorie (mean)
Kilocalorie (thermochemical)
1 000-fold of the non-legal unit thermochemical calorie divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Kilocalorie (thermochemical) Per Hour
1000-fold of the unit calorie divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Kilocalorie (thermochemical) Per Minute
1000-fold of the unit calorie divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Kilocalorie (thermochemical) Per Second
`Kilocalorie` is a unit for `Energy And Work` expressed as kcal. -- QUDT
Kilocalorie per Centimetre Second Degree Celsius
"Kilocalorie per Gram" is a unit for 'Specific Energy' expressed as kcal/gm. -- QUDT
Kilocalorie per Gram
`Kilocalorie per Minute` is a unit for `Heat Flow Rate` and `Power` expressed as kcal/min. -- QUDT
Kilocalorie Per Minute
The kilocalorie per mole is a derived unit of energy per Avogadro's number of particles. It is the quotient of a kilocalorie (1000 thermochemical gram calories) and a mole, mainly used in the United States. In SI units, it is equal to 4.184 kJ/mol, or 6.9477 × 10 J per molecule. At room temperature it is equal to 1.688 . Physical quantities measured in kcal· mol are usually thermodynamical quantities; mostly free energies such as: Heat of vaporization Heat of fusion. -- QUDT
Kilocalorie per Mole
`Kilocalorie per Mole Degree Celsius` is a unit for 'Molar Heat Capacity' expressed as kcal/(mol-degC). -- QUDT
Kilocalorie per Mole Degree Celsius
`Kilocalorie per Second` is a unit for `Heat Flow Rate` and `Power` expressed as kcal/s. -- QUDT
Kilocalorie Per Second
"Kilocalorie per Square Centimeter" is a unit for 'Energy Per Area' expressed as kcal/cm². -- QUDT
Kilocalorie per Square Centimetre
"Kilocalorie per Square Centimeter Minute" is a unit for 'Power Per Area' expressed as kcal/(cm²-min). -- QUDT
Kilocalorie per Square Centimetre Minute
"Kilocalorie per Square Centimeter Second" is a unit for 'Power Per Area' expressed as kcal/(cm²-s). -- QUDT
Kilocalorie per Square Centimetre Second
KiloCoulomb
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Kilocoulomb Per Cubic Metre
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Kilocoulomb Per Square Metre
1 000-fold of the unit curie -- QUDT
KiloElectronVolt
"Kilo Electron Volt" is a unit for 'Energy And Work' expressed as keV. -- QUDT
Kilo Electron Volt
"Kilo Electron Volt per Micrometer" is a unit for 'Linear Energy Transfer' expressed as keV/microM. -- QUDT
Kilo Electron Volt per Micrometre
1 000-fold of the CGS unit of the magnetic flux density B -- QUDT
"Kilohertz" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Frequency' expressed as KHz. -- QUDT
product of the 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit hertz and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kilohertz Metre
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Kilojoule Per Kelvin
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Kilojoule Per Kilogram
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the product of the SI base unit kilogram and the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Kilojoule Per Kilogram Kelvin
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
Kilojoule Per Mole
1 000-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
unit of the volume kilolitres divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Kilolitre Per Hour
A common metric unit of length or distance. One kilometer equals exactly 1000 meters, about 0.621 371 19 mile, 1093.6133 yards, or 3280.8399 feet. Oddly, higher multiples of the meter are rarely used; even the distances to the farthest galaxies are usually measured in kilometers. -- QUDT
A change in location of a distance of one thousand metres in an elapsed time of one day (86400 seconds). -- QUDT
Kilometres per day
"Kilometer per Hour" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Linear Velocity' expressed as km/h. -- QUDT
Kilometre per Hour
"Kilometer per Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Linear Velocity' expressed as km/s. -- QUDT
Kilometre per Second
KiloMolePerKilogram
Kilomole Per Kilogram (kmol/kg) is a unit of Molality -- QUDT
Kilomole per Kilogram
1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Kilomole Per Cubic Metre
1 000-fold of the SI base unit mole divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Kilomole Per Hour
1 000-fold of the SI base unit mole divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Kilomole Per Minute
1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Kilomole Per Second
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT
1 000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kilonewton Metre
KiloNewtonSquareMetre
Kilo Newton Square Metre
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
Kilopascal is a unit of pressure. 1 kPa is approximately the pressure exerted by a 10-g mass resting on a 1-cm2 area. 101.3 kPa = 1 atm. There are 1,000 pascals in 1 kilopascal. -- QUDT
`Kilopascal Absolute` is a SI System unit for 'Force Per Area' expressed as KPaA. -- QUDT
Kilopascal Absolute
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the unit bar -- QUDT
Kilopascal Per Bar
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Kilopascal Per Kelvin
1 000-fold of the derived SI unit pascal divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kilopascal Per Millimetre
sector-specific unit of the burst index as 1 000-fold of the derived unit for pressure pascal related to the substance, represented as a quotient from the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
Kilopascal Square Metre per Gram
illegal unit of the weight, defined as mass of 1 kg which receives a weight of 1 kp through gravitation at sea level, which equates to a force of 9,806 65 newton -- QUDT
Same as kilogramForce
KiloPound Force
1 000-fold of the unit for pressure psi as a compounded unit pound-force according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the power of the unit Inch according to the Anglo-American and Imperial system of units by exponent 2 -- QUDT
Kilopound Force Per Square Inch
1 000-fold of the unit roentgen -- QUDT
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kilosiemens Per Metre
KiloTonne
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit volt -- QUDT
1 000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
Kilovolt Ampere
product of the 1 000-fold of the unit for apparent by ampere and the unit hour -- QUDT
Kilovolt Ampere Hour
1 000-fold of the unit var -- QUDT
Kilovolt Ampere Reactive
product of the 1 000-fold of the unit volt ampere reactive and the unit hour -- QUDT
Kilovolt Ampere Reactive Hour
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kilovolt Per Metre
The kilowatt is a derived unit of power in the International System of Units (SI), The unit, defined as 1,000 joule per second, measures the rate of energy conversion or transfer. -- QUDT
A unit of energy per unit area, equivalent to 3 600 000 joules per square metre. -- QUDT
Kilowatt hour per square metre
The kilowatt hour, or kilowatt-hour, (symbol kW · h, kW h or kWh) is a unit of energy equal to 1000 watt hours or 3.6 megajoules. For constant power, energy in watt hours is the product of power in watts and time in hours. The kilowatt hour is most commonly known as a billing unit for energy delivered to consumers by electric utilities. -- QUDT
KiloWeber
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit weber divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kiloweber Per Metre
KiloYear
"Kilogram Force" is a unit for 'Force' expressed as kgf. -- QUDT
Kilogram Force
product of the unit kilogram-force and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kilogram?force Metre
product of the SI base unit metre and the unit kilogram-force according to the Anglo-American and Imperial system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Kilogram?force Metre Per Second
product of the unit kilogram-force and the SI base unit metre divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
Kilogram?force Metre Per Square Centimetre
"Kilogram Force per Square Centimeter" is a unit for 'Force Per Area' expressed as kgf/cm². -- QUDT
Kilogram Force per Square Centimetre
Kilogram Force Per Square Metre
Kilogram Force Per Square Millimetre
`Kilogram Kelvin` is a unit for 'Mass Temperature' expressed as kg-K. -- QUDT
Kilogram Kelvin
"Kilogram Meter Per Second" is a unit for 'Linear Momentum' expressed as kg-m/s. -- QUDT
Kilogram Metre Per Second
SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Cubic Centimetre
SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Cubic Decimetre
Kilogram per cubic metre is an SI derived unit of density, defined by mass in kilograms divided by volume in cubic metres. The official SI symbolic abbreviation is kg . m⁻³, or equivalently either kg/m³. -- QUDT
Kilogram per Cubic Metre
Kilograms per cubic metre per second
SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit day -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Day
Kilogram Per Hectare is a unit of mass per area. Kilogram Per Hectare (kg/ha) has a dimension of ML-2 where M is mass, and L is length. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit kg/m2 by multiplying its value by a factor of 0.0001. -- QUDT
Kilogram per Hectare
Kilogram Per Hour (kg/h) is a unit in the category of Mass flow rate. It is also known as kilogram/hour. Kilogram Per Hour (kg/h) has a dimension of MT-1 where M is mass, and T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit kg/s by multiplying its value by a factor of 0.000277777777778. -- QUDT
Kilogram per Hour
KilogramPerKiloMole
SI base unit kilogram divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Kilomole
SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Kilogram
SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit litre -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Litre
Kilogram Per Meter (kg/m) is a unit in the category of Linear mass density. It is also known as kilogram/meter, kilogram/metre, kilograms per meter, kilogram per metre, kilograms per metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Kilogram Per Meter (kg/m) has a dimension of ML-1 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Kilogram per Metre
One SI standard unit of mass over one SI standard unit of length over 3600 times one SI standard unit of time. -- QUDT
Kilograms per metre per hour
Kilograms per metre per second
The SI unit of pressure. The pascal is the standard pressure unit in the MKS metric system, equal to one newton per square meter or one "kilogram per meter per second per second." The unit is named for Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), French philosopher and mathematician, who was the first person to use a barometer to measure differences in altitude. -- QUDT
Kilograms per metre per square second
SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Millimetre
SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Minute
KilogramPerMole
In chemistry, the molar mass M is defined as the mass of a given substance (chemical element or chemical compound) divided by its amount of substance. It is a physical property of a given substance. The base SI unit for molar mass is kg/mol. However, for historical reasons, molar masses are almost always expressed in g/mol. As an example, the molar mass of water is approximately: 18.01528(33) g/mol. -- QUDT
Kilogram per Mole
Kilogram Per Second (kg/s) is a unit in the category of Mass flow rate. It is also known as kilogram/second, kilograms per second. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Kilogram Per Second (kg/s) has a dimension of MT⁻¹ where M is mass, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Kilogram per Second
SI base unit kilogram divided by the product of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Second Per Square Metre
SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Square Centimetre
One SI standard unit of mass over the square of one thousand standard unit of length. -- QUDT
Kilograms per square kilometre
Kilogram Per Square Meter (kg/m2) is a unit in the category of Surface density. It is also known as kilograms per square meter, kilogram per square metre, kilograms per square metre, kilogram/square meter, kilogram/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Kilogram Per Square Meter (kg/m2) has a dimension of ML-2 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Kilogram per Square Metre
Kilograms per square metre per Pascal per second
Kilograms per square metre per second
Kilogram per Square Metre Square Second
Kilogram per Square Second
product of the SI base unit kilogram and the 0 0001fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Kilogram Square Centimetre
"Kilogram Square Meter" is a unit for 'Moment Of Inertia' expressed as kg-m². -- QUDT
Kilogram Square Metre
"Kilogram Square Meter Per Second" is a unit for 'Angular Momentum' expressed as kg-m²-s⁻¹. -- QUDT
Kilogram Square Metre Per Second
product of the SI base kilogram and the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Kilogram Square Millimetre
Kilogram Square Second
Kip
1000 pound-force -- QUDT
KipPerSquareInch
"Kip per Square Inch" is a unit for 'Force Per Area' expressed as kip/in². -- QUDT
Kip per Square Inch
Knot
The knot (pronounced 'not') is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile (1.852 km) per hour, approximately 1.151 mph. The abbreviation kn is preferred by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), which includes every major sea-faring nation; however, the abbreviations kt (singular) and kts (plural) are also widely used. However, use of the abbreviation kt for knot conflicts with the SI symbol for kilotonne. The knot is a non-SI unit accepted for use with the International System of Units (SI). Worldwide, the knot is used in meteorology, and in maritime and air navigation - for example, a vessel travelling at 1 knot along a meridian travels one minute of geographic latitude in one hour. Etymologically, the term knot derives from counting the number of knots in the line that unspooled from the reel of a chip log in a specific time. -- QUDT
KnotPerSecond
`Knot per Second` is a unit for 'Linear Acceleration' expressed as kt/s. -- QUDT
Knot per Second
Lambert
The lambert (symbol L, la or Lb) is a non-SI unit of luminance. A related unit of luminance, the foot-lambert, is used in the lighting, cinema and flight simulation industries. The SI unit is the candela per square metre (cd/m²). -- QUDT
Lb_Ft2
product of the unit pound according to the avoirdupois system of units and the power of the unit foot according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Pound Mass (avoirdupois) Square Foot
Lb_In
unit of the unbalance (product of avoirdupois pound according to the avoirdupois system of units and inch according to the Anglo-American and Imperial system of units) -- QUDT
Pound Mass (avoirdupois) Inch
Lb_In2
product of the unit pound according to the avoirdupois system of units and the power of the unit inch according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Pound Mass (avoirdupois) Square Inch
Lb_Per_Day
unit of the mass avoirdupois pound according to the avoirdupois system of units divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Pound (avoirdupois) Per Day
Lb_Per_Ft2
unit for areal-related mass as a unit pound according to the avoirdupois system of units divided by the power of the unit foot according to the Anglo-American and Imperial system of units by exponent 2 -- QUDT
Pound Mass (avoirdupois) Per Square Foot
Lb_Per_Gal_Uk
unit of the mass avoirdupois pound according to the avoirdupois system of units divided by the unit gallon (UK) according to the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Pound (avoirdupois) Per Gallon (UK)
Lb_Per_Gal_Us
unit of the mass avoirdupois pound according to the avoirdupois system divided by the unit gallon (US, liq.) according to the Anglo-American system of units -- QUDT
Pound (avoirdupois) Per Gallon (US)
Lb_Per_In2
unit of the areal-related mass as avoirdupois pound according to the avoirdupois system of units related to the area square inch according to the Anglo-American and Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Pound (avoirdupois) Per Square Inch
Lb_Per_Sec
unit of the mass avoirdupois pound according to the avoirdupois system of units divided by the SI base unit for time second -- QUDT
Pound (avoirdupois) Per Second
LightYear
A unit of length defining the distance, in meters, that light travels in a vacuum in one year. -- QUDT
Light Year
The inverse of a molar concentration - the untits of per molarity. -- QUDT
Litres per micromole
LitrePerMole
unit litre divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
Litre Per Mole
LitrePerSecondPerSquareMetre
Ventilation rate in Litres per second divided by the floor area -- QUDT
Litre Per Second Per Square Metre
LongHundredWeight
"Hundred Weight - Long" is a unit for 'Mass' expressed as cwt. -- QUDT
Long Hundred Weight
LongTon
Long ton (weight ton or imperial ton) is the name for the unit called the "ton" in the avoirdupois or Imperial system of measurements, as used in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries. One long ton is equal to 2,240 pounds (1,016 kg), 1.12 times as much as a short ton, or 35 cubic feet (0.9911 m3) of salt water with a density of 64 lb/ft3 (1.025 g/ml). It has some limited use in the United States, most commonly in measuring the displacement of ships, and was the unit prescribed for warships by the Washington Naval Treaty 1922-for example battleships were limited to a mass of 35,000 long tons (36,000 t; 39,000 short tons). -- QUDT
Long Ton
LongTonPerCubicYard
The long ton per cubic yard density measurement unit is used to measure volume in cubic yards in order to estimate weight or mass in long tons. -- QUDT
Long Ton per Cubic Yard
LumenPerWatt
A measurement of luminous efficacy, which is the light output in lumens using one watt of electricity. -- QUDT
Lumen per Watt
LumenSecond
In photometry, the lumen second is the SI derived unit of luminous energy. It is based on the lumen, the SI unit of luminous flux, and the second, the SI base unit of time. The lumen second is sometimes called the talbot (symbol T). An older name for the lumen second was the lumberg. -- QUDT
lumen second
LunarMass
Lunar mass
LuxHour
The SI unit for measuring the illumination (illuminance) of a surface. One lux is defined as an illumination of one lumen per square meter or 0.0001 phot. In considering the various light units, it's useful to think about light originating at a point and shining upon a surface. The intensity of the light source is measured in candelas; the total light flux in transit is measured in lumens (1 lumen = 1 candelau00b7steradian); and the amount of light received per unit of surface area is measured in lux (1 lux = 1 lumen/square meter). One lux is equal to approximately 0.09290 foot candle. -- QUDT
Lux Hour
product of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2, of the unit hour for time and the unit degree Celsius for temperature divided by the 1000-fold of the out of use unit for energy international calorie -- QUDT
Square Metre Hour Degree Celsius Per Kilocalorie (international Table)
Maxwell
"Maxwell" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Magnetic Flux' expressed as Mx. -- QUDT
MeanGregorianMonth
Mean Gregorian Month
MeanJulianMonth
Mean Julian Month
The mebibyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information equivalent to 1024² bytes or 2²⁰ bytes. -- QUDT
1 000 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
MegaAmperePerSquareMetre
1 000 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Megaampere Per Square Metre
1 000 000-fold of the derived unit becquerel -- QUDT
A megabit per second (Mbit/s or Mb/s; not to be confused with mbit/s which means millibit per second, or with Mbitps which means megabit picosecond) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,000,000 bits per second or 1,000 kilobits per second or 125,000 bytes per second or 125 kilobytes per second. -- QUDT
Megabit per Second
Mega British Thermal Unit (International Definition) per Hour
MegaByte
The megabyte is defined here as one million Bytes. Also, see unit:MebiBYTE. -- QUDT
Mega byte
A MegaCoulomb is 10⁶ C. -- QUDT
MegaCoulomb
1 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Megacoulomb Per Cubic Metre
1 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Megacoulomb Per Square Metre
MegaElectronVolt
`Mega Electron Volt` is a unit for 'Energy And Work' expressed as MeV. -- QUDT
Mega Electron Volt
`Mega Electron Volt Femtometer` is a unit for 'Length Energy' expressed as MeV fm. -- QUDT
Mega Electron Volt Femtometre
"Mega Electron Volt per Centimeter" is a unit for 'Linear Energy Transfer' expressed as MeV/cm. -- QUDT
Mega Electron Volt per Centimetre
MegaElectronVoltPerSpeedOfLight
"Mega Electron Volt per Speed of Light" is a unit for 'Linear Momentum' expressed as MeV/c. -- QUDT
Mega Electron Volt per Speed of Light
1 000-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
1 000-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Megagram Per Cubic Metre
1 000-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 10,0000-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Megagram Per Hectare
"Megahertz" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Frequency' expressed as MHz. -- QUDT
product of the 1 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit hertz and the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Megahertz Metre
MegaHertzPerKelvin
`Mega Hertz per Kelvin` is a unit for 'Inverse Time Temperature' expressed as MHz K⁻¹. -- QUDT
Mega Hertz per Kelvin
MegaHertzPerTesla
"Mega Hertz per Tesla" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Per Mass' expressed as MHz T⁻¹. -- QUDT
Mega Hertz per Tesla
1,000,000-fold of the derived unit joule -- QUDT
1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Megajoule Per Cubic Metre
MegaJoule Per Kelvin (MegaJ/K) is a unit in the category of Entropy. -- QUDT
MegaJoule per Kelvin
1,000,000-fold of the derived SI unit joule divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Megajoule Per Kilogram
quotient of the 1,000,000-fold of the derived SI unit joule divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Megajoule Per Second
1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Megajoule Per Square Metre
1 000 000-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT
1,000,000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Meganewton Metre
1,000,000-fold of the derived unit ohm -- QUDT
1,000,000-fold of the derived unit pascal -- QUDT
product out of the 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal and the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Megapascal Cubic Metre Per Second
product out of the 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal and the unit litre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Megapascal Litre Per Second
1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the unit bar -- QUDT
Megapascal Per Bar
1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Megapascal Per Kelvin
1,000,000-fold of the derived unit Pascal Square Root Meter -- QUDT
Megapascal Square Root Meter
MegaPoundForce
Mega Pound Force
MegaSiemens
1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Megasiemens Per Metre
The tonne of oil equivalent (toe) is a unit of energy: the amount of energy released by burning one tonne of crude oil, approximately 42 GJ (as different crude oils have different calorific values, the exact value of the toe is defined by convention; unfortunately there are several slightly different definitions as discussed below). The toe is sometimes used for large amounts of energy, as it can be more intuitive to visualise, say, the energy released by burning 1000 tonnes of oil than 42,000 billion joules (the SI unit of energy). Multiples of the toe are used, in particular the megatoe (Mtoe, one million toe) and the gigatoe (Gtoe, one billion toe). -- QUDT
Megaton of Oil Equivalent
1,000,000-fold of the derived unit volt -- QUDT
1,000,000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
Megavolt Ampere
product of the 1,000,000-fold of the unit for apparent by ampere and the unit hour -- QUDT
Megavolt Ampere Hour
1 000 000-fold of the unit volt ampere reactive -- QUDT
Megavolt Ampere Reactive
product of the 1,000,000-fold of the unit volt ampere reactive and the unit hour -- QUDT
Megavolt Ampere Reactive Hour
1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Megavolt Per Metre
MegaWatt
Unit for power; 1 000 000 watt.
1 000 000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit watt and the unit hour -- QUDT
Megawatt Hour
Mesh
"Mesh" is a measure of particle size or fineness of a woven product. -- QUDT
MetreKelvin
`Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Length Temperature' expressed as m K. -- QUDT
Metre Kelvin
MetreKilogram
Kilogram metre.
MetrePerFarad
Metre per Farad.
100-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Metric DeciTON
1 000 000-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Metric KiloTON
MetricPerm
A perm is a unit of permeance or "water vapor transmission" given a certain differential in partial pressures on either side of a material or membrane. The metric perm (not an SI unit) is defined as 1 gram of water vapor per day, per square meter, per millimeter of mercury. -- QUDT
Metric Perm
MetricTon
1,000-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Metric Ton
Mho
A unit of conductance, equal to the reciprocal of the ohm.
The name is simply Ohm spelled backwards.
The preferred unit is now Siemens.
"Mho" is a C.G.S System unit for 'ElectricConductance' expressed as mho. -- QUDT
microampere
0.000001-fold of the unit bar -- QUDT
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit becquerel -- QUDT
One radioactive disintegration per hundred thousand seconds from an SI standard unit of mass of sample. -- QUDT
Microbecquerels per kilogram
Microbecquerels per litre
A MicroCoulomb is 10⁻⁶ C. -- QUDT
MicroCoulomb
MicroCoulombPerCubicMetre
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Microcoulomb Per Cubic Metre
MicroCoulombPerSquareMetre
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Microcoulomb Per Square Metre
Another commonly used measure of radioactivity, the microcurie: 1 μCi = 3.7 × 10 disintegrations per second = 2.22 × 10 disintegrations per minute. A radiotherapy machine may have roughly 1000 Ci of a radioisotope such as caesium-137 or cobalt-60. This quantity of radioactivity can produce serious health effects with only a few minutes of close-range, un-shielded exposure. The typical human body contains roughly 0.1 μCi of naturally occurring potassium-40. -- QUDT
MicroCurie
The "microfarad" (symbolized μ F) is a unit of capacitance, equivalent to 0.000001 (10 to the -6th power) farad. The microfarad is a moderate unit of capacitance. In utility alternating-current (AC) and audio-frequency (AF) circuits, capacitors with values on the order of 1 μ F or more are common. At radio frequencies (RF), a smaller unit, the picofarad (pF), is often used. -- QUDT
microfarad
MicroFaradPerKiloMetre
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the 1,000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Microfarad Per Kilometre
MicroFaradPerMetre
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the SI base unit metre. -- QUDT
Microfarad Per Metre
A rate of change of one millionth part of a unit of gravitational acceleration equal to one centimetre per second per second over a distance of one metre. -- QUDT
MicroGals per metre
0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Microgram Per Cubic Metre
Micrograms per cubic metre per hour
One part per 10**6 (million) by mass of the measurand in the matrix. -- QUDT
Micrograms per gram
mass ratio as 0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Microgram Per Kilogram
0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit litre -- QUDT
Microgram Per Litre
A rate of change of mass of a measurand equivalent to 10⁻⁹ kilogram (the SI unit of mass) per litre volume of matrix over a period of 1 hour. -- QUDT
Micrograms per litre per hour
One 10**6 part of the SI standard unit of mass of the measurand per millilitre volume of matrix. -- QUDT
Micrograms per millilitre
A unit of mass per area, equivalent to 0.01 grammes per square metre -- QUDT
Microgram per square centimetre
Micrograms per square metre per day
"Microgravity" is a unit for 'Linear Acceleration' expressed as microG. -- QUDT
0.000001 fold of the SI unit of radiation dose. Radiation carries energy, and when it is absorbed by matter the matter receives this energy. The dose is the amount of energy deposited per unit of mass. One gray is defined to be the dose of one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of matter, or 100 rad. The unit is named for the British physician L. Harold Gray (1905-1965), an authority on the use of radiation in the treatment of cancer. -- QUDT
MicroGray
The SI derived unit for inductance is the henry. 1 henry is equal to 1000000 microhenry. -- QUDT
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the 1,000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
Microhenry Per Kiloohm
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Microhenry Per Metre
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
Microhenry Per Ohm
"Microinch" is an Imperial unit for 'Length' expressed as in⁻⁶. -- QUDT
MicroJoule
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT
Micro Joule
0.000001-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
volume ratio as 0.000001-fold of the unit litre divided by the unit litre -- QUDT
Microlitre Per Litre
MicroMetre
"Micrometer" is a unit for 'Length' expressed as microm. -- QUDT
Microm
MicroMeter
MicroMetrePerKelvin
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Micrometre Per Kelvin
MicroMetrePerNewton
Micro metres measured per Newton -- QUDT
Micro metre per Newton
0.000001-fold of the obsolete unit mho of the electric conductance -- QUDT
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Micromoles per gram
Micromoles per gram per hour
Micromoles per gram per second
Micromoles per kilogram
Micromoles per litre
Micromoles per litre per day
Micromoles per litre per hour
Micromole per micromole of biomass per day
MicroMolePerMole
Micromoles per mole
This unit is used commonly to describe Photosynthetic Photon Flux (PPF) - the total number of photons emitted by a light source each second within the PAR wavelength range. -- QUDT
Micromoles per second
One part per 10**6 (million) of the SI unit of quantity of matter (the mole) per SI unit area. -- QUDT
Micromoles per square metre
Micromoles per square metre per day
Micromoles per square metre per hour
One part per 10**6 (million) of the SI unit of quantity of matter (the mole) per SI unit area per SI unit of time. This term is based on the number of photons in a certain waveband incident per unit time (s) on a unit area (m2) divided by the Avogadro constant (6.022 x 1023 mol-1). It is used commonly to describe PAR in the 400-700 nm waveband. Definition Source: Thimijan, Richard W., and Royal D. Heins. 1982. Photometric, Radiometric, and Quantum Light Units of Measure: A Review of Procedures for Interconversion. HortScience 18:818-822. -- QUDT
Micromoles per square metre per second
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT
MicroNewtonMetre
0.000001-fold of the product out of the derived SI newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Micronewton Metre
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit pascal -- QUDT
0.000001-fold of the CGS unit of the dynamic viscosity poise -- QUDT
microradian
"Microsecond" is a unit for 'Time' expressed as microsec. -- QUDT
microsecond
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit siemens -- QUDT
MicroSiemensPerCentiMetre
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Microsiemens Per Centimetre
MicroSiemensPerMetre
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Microsiemens Per Metre
Although the sievert has the same dimensions as the gray (i.e. joules per kilogram), it measures a different quantity. To avoid any risk of confusion between the absorbed dose and the equivalent dose, the corresponding special units, namely the gray instead of the joule per kilogram for absorbed dose and the sievert instead of the joule per kilogram for the dose equivalent, should be used. 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit sievert. -- QUDT
MicroSievert
0.000001-fold of the derived SI unit sievert divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
MicroSievert per hour
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit tesla -- QUDT
"MicroTorr" is a unit for 'Force Per Area' expressed as microtorr. -- QUDT
MicroTorr
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit volt -- QUDT
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Microvolt Per Metre
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Microwatt Per Square Metre
Mil
The Mil unit of plane angle, as defined by NATO to be 1/6400 of a circle. -- QUDT
Mil Angle (NATO)
MilLength
"Mil Length" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Length' expressed as mil. -- QUDT
Mil Length
MilePerHour
Miles per hour is an imperial unit of speed expressing the number of statute miles covered in one hour. It is currently the standard unit used for speed limits, and to express speeds generally, on roads in the United Kingdom and the United States. A common abbreviation is mph or MPH. -- QUDT
Mile per Hour
MilePerMinute
Miles per minute is an imperial unit of speed expressing the number of statute miles covered in one minute. -- QUDT
Mile per Minute
MilePerSecond
Miles per second is an imperial unit of speed expressing the number of statute miles covered in one second. -- QUDT
Mile per Second
MileUsStatute
Mile US Statute
MilliAmpere
A milliampere is 0.001 A
milliampere
product of the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit ampere and the unit hour -- QUDT
Milliampere Hour
`Milliampere hour per gram` is a practical unit of electric charge relative to the mass of the (active) parts. 1mAh/g describes the capability of a material to store charge equivalent to 1h charge with 1mA per gram. The unit is often used in electrochemistry to describe the properties of active components like electrodes. -- QUDT
Milliampere Hour per Gram
MilliAmpereHourPerSquareCentiMetre
unit of areic capacity
MilliAmperePerGram
a unit of electric current per mass
0.001-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the unit inch according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Milliampere Per Inch
0.001-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Milliampere Per Millimetre
MilliAmperePerSquareCentiMetre
0.001-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2
MilliArcsecond
A minute of arc, arcminute, or minute arc (MOA), is a unit of angular measurement equal to one sixtieth (1/60) of one degree (circle/21,600), or π /10,800 radians. In turn, a second of arc or arcsecond is one sixtieth (1/60) of one minute of arc. Since one degree is defined as one three hundred and sixtieth (1/360) of a rotation, one minute of arc is 1/21,600 of a rotation. the milliarcsecond, abbreviated mas, is used in astronomy. -- QUDT
Milli ArcSecond
product of the unit bar and the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Millibar Cubic Metre Per Second
product out of the 0.001-fold of the unit bar and the unit litre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Millibar Litre Per Second
0.01-fold of the unit bar divided by the unit bar -- QUDT
Millibar Per Bar
0.001-fold of the unit bar divided by the unit temperature kelvin -- QUDT
Millibar Per Kelvin
MilliBecquerel
One radioactive disintegration per thousand seconds per 1000th SI unit of sample mass. -- QUDT
Millibecquerels per gram
One radioactive disintegration per thousand seconds from an SI standard unit of mass of sample. -- QUDT
Millibecquerels per kilogram
One radioactive disintegration per second from the SI unit of volume (cubic metre). Equivalent to Becquerels per cubic metre. -- QUDT
Millibecquerels per litre
One radioactive disintegration per thousand seconds in material passing through an area of one square metre during a period of one day (86400 seconds). -- QUDT
Millibecquerels per square metre per day
A MilliCoulomb is 10⁻³ C. -- QUDT
MilliCoulomb
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Millicoulomb Per Cubic Metre
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Millicoulomb Per Kilogram
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Millicoulomb Per Square Metre
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit curie -- QUDT
Millidegree Celsius is a scaled unit of measurement for temperature. -- QUDT
Millidegree Celsius
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit farad -- QUDT
0.001-fold of the unit of acceleration called gal according to the CGS system of units -- QUDT
A rate of change of one millionth part of a unit of gravitational acceleration equal to one centimetre per second per second over a time duration of 30.4375 days or 2629800 seconds. -- QUDT
MilliGals per month
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Milligram Per Cubic Metre
Milligrams per cubic metre per day
Milligrams per cubic metre per hour
Milligrams per cubic metre per second
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit day -- QUDT
Milligram Per Day
A derived unit for amount-of-substance concentration measured in mg/dL. -- QUDT
milligrams per decilitre
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Milligram Per Gram
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 10,0000-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Milligram Per Hectare
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Milligram Per Hour
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Milligram Per Kilogram
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit litre -- QUDT
Milligram Per Litre
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Milligram Per Metre
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit millilitre -- QUDT
Milligram Per Millilitre
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Milligram Per Minute
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Milligram Per Second
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Milligram Per Square Centimetre
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Milligram Per Square Metre
Milligrams per square metre per day
Milligrams per square metre per hour
Milligrams per square metre per second
"Milligravity" is a unit for 'Linear Acceleration' expressed as mG. -- QUDT
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit gray -- QUDT
A unit of inductance equal to one thousandth of a henry. -- QUDT
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
Millihenry Per Kiloohm
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
Millihenry Per Ohm
MilliInch
0.001-fold of the unit inch according to the Anglo-American and Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Milli-inch
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT
0.001-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
0.001-fold of the unit litre divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Millilitre Per Cubic Metre
0.001-fold of the unit litre divided by the unit day -- QUDT
Millilitre Per Day
0.001-fold of the unit litre divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Millilitre Per Hour
0.001-fold of the unit litre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Millilitre Per Kelvin
0.001-fold of the unit of the volume litre divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Millilitre Per Kilogram
volume ratio consisting of the 0.001-fold of the unit litre divided by the unit litre -- QUDT
Millilitre Per Litre
0.001-fold of the unit litre divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Millilitre Per Minute
0.001-fold of the unit litre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Millilitre Per Second
quotient of the 0.001-fold of the unit litre and the unit minute divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Millilitre Per Square Centimetre Minute
unit of the volume flow rate millilitre divided by second related to the transfer area as 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
Millilitre Per Square Centimetre Second
Millilitres per square metre per day
The millimetre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or millimeter (American spelling) (SI unit symbol mm) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousandth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. It is equal to 1000 micrometres or 1000000 nanometres. A millimetre is equal to exactly 5/127 (approximately 0.039370) of an inch. -- QUDT
The millimeter of mercury is defined as the pressure exerted at the base of a column of fluid exactly 1 mm high, when the density of the fluid is exactly 13.5951 g/cm³, at a place where the acceleration of gravity is exactly 9.80665 m/s². -- QUDT
Millimetre of Mercury
Millimeters of Mercury inclusive of atmospheric pressure -- QUDT
Millimetre of Mercury - Absolute
A measure of change in depth over time for a specific area, typically used to express precipitation intensity or evaporation (the amount of liquid water evaporated per unit of time from the area) -- QUDT
millimetres per day
0001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Millimetre Per Hour
0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Millimetre Per Kelvin
0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Millimetre Per Minute
0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Millimetre Per Second
0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the unit year -- QUDT
Millimetre Per Year
0.001-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
Unavailable. -- QUDT
Millimoles per cubic metre
Millimoles per cubic metre per day
0.001-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Millimole Per Gram
0.001-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Millimole Per Kilogram
The SI derived unit for amount-of-substance concentration is the mmo/L. -- QUDT
millimoles per litre
Millimoles per mole
Millimoles per square metre
Millimoles per square metre per day
Millimoles per square metre per second
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT
0.001-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Millinewton Metre
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit newton divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Millinewton Per Metre
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit pascal -- QUDT
0.001-fold of the product of the SI derived unit pascal and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Millipascal Second
MilliPascalSecondPerBar
0.001-fold of the product of the SI derived unit pascal and the SI base unit second divided by the unit of the pressure bar -- QUDT
Millipascal Second Per Bar
MilliRad
One thousandth part of an absorbed ionizing radiation dose equal to 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material received per hour. -- QUDT
Millirads per hour
milliradian
0.001-fold of the unit roentgen. -- QUDT
The roentgen equivalent man (or rem) is a CGS unit of equivalent dose, effective dose, and committed dose, which are measures of the health effect of low levels of ionizing radiation on the human body. -- QUDT
Milliroentgen Equivalent Man
"Millisecond" is an Imperial unit for 'Time' expressed as ms. -- QUDT
millisecond
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit siemens -- QUDT
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Millisiemens Per Centimetre
MilliSiemens per metre
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit sievert -- QUDT
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit tesla -- QUDT
"MilliTorr" is a unit for 'Force Per Area' expressed as utorr. -- QUDT
MilliTorr
0,001-fold of the SI derived unit volt -- QUDT
Millivolt Per Metre
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Millivolt Per Minute
MilliWatt
A milliwatt 0.01 N.
milliwatt
Milliwatts per square centimetre per micrometre per steradian
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit weber divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Milliwatt Per Square Metre
Milliwatts per square metre per nanometre
Milliwatts per square metre per nanometre per steradian
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit weber -- QUDT
MillionYear
1,000,000-fold of the derived unit year. -- QUDT
Million Years
Minute
A minute is a unit of measurement of time. The minute is a unit of time equal to 1/60 (the first sexagesimal fraction of an hour or 60 seconds. In the UTC time scale, a minute on rare occasions has 59 or 61 seconds; see leap second. The minute is not an SI unit; however, it is accepted for use with SI units. The SI symbol for minute or minutes is min (for time measurement) or the prime symbol after a number, e.g. 5' (for angle measurement, even if it is informally used for time). -- QUDT
Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds.
MinuteAngle
Minute Angle
Mohm
A unit of mechanical mobility for sound waves, being the reciprocal of the mechanical ohm unit of impedance, i.e., for an acoustic medium, the ratio of the flux or volumic speed (area times particle speed) of the resulting waves through it to the effective sound pressure (i.e. force) causing them, the unit being qualified, according to the units used, as m.k.s. or c.g.s. The mechanical ohm is equivalent to 1 dyn· s· cm⁻¹ or 10⁻³ N· s· m⁻¹. -- QUDT
MoleDegreeCelsius
`Mole Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Temperature Amount Of Substance' expressed as mol-degC. -- QUDT
Mole Degree Celsius
MoleKelvin
Mole Kelvin is a unit for `Temperature Amount Of Substance` expressed as mol-K. -- QUDT
Mole Kelvin
MolePerCubicDeciMetre
SI base unit mol divided by the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Mole Per Cubic Decimetre
Mole Per Kilogram Pascal (mol/kg-pa) is a unit of Molar Mass variation due to Pressure. -- QUDT
Mole per Kilogram Pascal
Moles per square metre and second and metre.
Moles per square metre per second per metre per steradian.
Moles per square metre per second per steradian.
Month
A unit of time corresponding approximately to one cycle of the moon's phases, or about 30 days or 4 weeks. Also known as the 'Synodic Month' and calculated as 29.53059 days. -- QUDT
nanoampere
NanoBecquerel
Nanobecquerels per litre
A NanoCoulomb is 10⁻⁹ C. -- QUDT
NanoCoulomb
A common metric unit of electric capacitance equal to 10⁻⁹ farad. This unit was previously called the millimicrofarad. -- QUDT
0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Nanofarad Per Metre
10**-9 grams or one 10**-12 of the SI standard unit of mass (kilogram). -- QUDT
0.000000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Nanogram Per Cubic Metre
Nanograms per day
mass ratio consisting of the 0.000000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Nanogram Per Kilogram
Nanograms per litre
Nanograms per microlitre
One 10**12 part of the SI standard unit of mass of the measurand per millilitre volume of matrix. -- QUDT
Nanograms per millilitre
Nanograms per square metre per Pascal per second
0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry -- QUDT
0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Nanohenry Per Metre
0.000000001-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
Nanometer Per Centimeter PSI
Nanometer Per Millimeter Megapascal
0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
NanoMole
Nanomoles per cubic centimetre per hour
Nanomoles per gram per second
Nanomoles per kilogram
A scaled unit of amount-of-substance concentration. -- QUDT
Nanomoles per litre
Nanomoles per litre per day
Nanomoles per litre per hour
Nanomoles per microgram per hour
Nanomoles per micromole
Nanomoles per micromole per day
Nanomoles per square metre per day
A nanosecond is a SI unit of time equal to one billionth of a second (10-9 or 1/1,000,000,000 s). One nanosecond is to one second as one second is to 31.69 years. The word nanosecond is formed by the prefix nano and the unit second. -- QUDT
nanosecond
NanoSiemens
0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens by the 0.01 fol of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Nanosiemens Per Centimetre
0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Nanosiemens Per Metre
0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit tesla -- QUDT
0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT
Nat
A nat is a logarithmic unit of information or entropy, based on natural logarithms and powers of e, rather than the powers of 2 and base 2 logarithms which define the bit. The nat is the natural unit for information entropy. Physical systems of natural units which normalize Boltzmann's constant to 1 are effectively measuring thermodynamic entropy in nats. -- QUDT
NatPerSecond
"Nat per Second" is information rate in natural units. -- QUDT
Nat per Second
NauticalMile
A unit of distance used primarily at sea and in aviation. The nautical mile is defined to be the average distance on the Earth's surface represented by one minute of latitude. In 1929 an international conference in Monaco redefined the nautical mile to be exactly 1852 meters or 6076.115 49 feet, a distance known as the international nautical mile. The international nautical mile equals about 1.1508 statute miles. There are usually 3 nautical miles in a league. The unit is designed to equal 1/60 degree, although actual degrees of latitude vary from about 59.7 to 60.3 nautical miles. (Note: using data from the Geodetic Reference System 1980, the "true" length of a nautical mile would be 1852.216 meters.) -- QUDT
Nautical Mile
NauticalMilePerHour
The knot is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile (1.852 km) per hour, approximately 1.151 mph. The abbreviation kn is preferred by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), which includes every major seafaring nation; but the abbreviations kt (singular) and kts (plural) are also widely used conflicting with the SI symbol for kilotonne which is also "kt". The knot is a non-SI unit accepted for use with the International System of Units (SI). Worldwide, the knot is used in meteorology, and in maritime and air navigation-for example, a vessel travelling at 1 knot along a meridian travels one minute of geographic latitude in one hour. -- QUDT
Nautical Mile per Hour
NauticalMilePerMinute
The SI derived unit for speed is the meter/second. 1 meter/second is equal to 0.0323974082073 nautical mile per minute. -- QUDT
Nautical Mile per Minute
Neper
The neper is a logarithmic unit for ratios of measurements of physical field and power quantities, such as gain and loss of electronic signals. It has the unit symbol Np. The unit's name is derived from the name of John Napier, the inventor of logarithms. As is the case for the decibel and bel, the neper is not a unit in the International System of Units (SI), but it is accepted for use alongside the SI. Like the decibel, the neper is a unit in a logarithmic scale. While the bel uses the decadic (base-10) logarithm to compute ratios, the neper uses the natural logarithm, based on Euler's number -- QUDT
Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference, which are defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of power- or field-type quantities. The value of a ratio in nepers is given by `ln(x1/x2)` where `x1` and `x2` are the values of interest (amplitudes), and ln is the natural logarithm. When the values are quadratic in the amplitude (e.g. power), they are first linearised by taking the square root before the logarithm is taken, or equivalently the result is halved. Wikipedia
NephelometryTurbidityUnit
"Nephelometry Turbidity Unit" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Turbidity' expressed as NTU. -- QUDT
Nephelometry Turbidity Unit
NewtonCentiMetre
product of the SI derived unit newton and the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Newton Centimetre
NewtonMetrePerAmpere
product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
Newton Metre Per Ampere
product of the derived SI unit newton and the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Newton Metre Per Kilogram
NewtonMetrePerMetre
This is the SI unit for the rolling resistance, which is equivalent to drag force in newton -- QUDT
Newton metre per metre
Newton metre per metre and radian.
NewtonMetrePerRadian
Newton Meter per Radian is the SI unit for Torsion Constant -- QUDT
Newton metre per radian
NewtonMetrePerSquareMetre
product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Newton Metre Per Square Metre
NewtonMetreSecond
The SI derived unit of angular momentum. -- QUDT
Newton Metre Second
Newton metre seconds measured per metre -- QUDT
Newton metre seconds per metre
Newton metre seconds measured per radian -- QUDT
Newton metre seconds per radian
NewtonPerAmpere
SI derived unit newton divided by the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
Newton Per Ampere
NewtonPerCentiMetre
SI derived unit newton divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Newton Per Centimetre
NewtonPerCoulomb
Newton Per Coulomb ( N/C) is a unit in the category of Electric field strength. It is also known as newtons/coulomb. Newton Per Coulomb ( N/C) has a dimension of MLT-3I-1 where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. It essentially the same as the corresponding standard SI unit V/m. -- QUDT
Newton per Coulomb
Newton per cubic metre.
Gravitational field strength at a point is the gravitational force per unit mass at that point. It is a vector and its S.I. unit is N kg-1. -- QUDT
Newton per Kilogram
NewtonPerMilliMetre
SI derived unit newton divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Newton Per Millimetre
NewtonPerRadian
A one-newton force applied for one angle/torsional torque -- QUDT
Newton per radian
NewtonPerSquareCentiMetre
derived SI unit newton divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
Newton Per Square Centimetre
Newtons Per Square Metre
NewtonPerSquareMilliMetre
SI derived unit newton divided by the 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Newton Per Square Millimetre
NewtonSecond
product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Newton Second
NewtonSecondPerCubicMetre
The SI unit of specific acoustic impedance. When sound waves pass through any physical substance the pressure of the waves causes the particles of the substance to move. The sound specific impedance is the ratio between the sound pressure and the particle velocity it produces. The specific impedance is 1 N · s · m⁻³ if unit pressure produces unit velocity. -- QUDT
Newton second per Cubic Metre
NewtonSecondPerMetre
Newton second measured per metre -- QUDT
Newton Second per Metre
Newton seconds measured per radian -- QUDT
Newton seconds per radian
NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpere
Newton metre squared per Ampere.
unit of gravitational constant as product of the derived SI unit newton, the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 divided by the power of the SI base unit kilogram with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Newton Square Metre Per Square Kilogram
Count of an entity or phenomenon occurrence in one 10th of the SI unit of mass (kilogram). -- QUDT
Number per 100 grams
NumberPerCubicMetre
Number per cubic metre
NumberPerGram
Number per gram
NumberPerHectare
Count of an entity or phenomenon's occurrence in 10,000 times the SI unit area (square metre). -- QUDT
Number per hectare
NumberPerHour
Number per hour
NumberPerLitre
Number per litre
NumberPerMetre
Number per metre
Number per microlitre
Count of an entity or phenomenon occurrence in one millionth of the SI unit of mass (kilogram). -- QUDT
Number per milligram
Number per nanolitre
Number per square centimetre per thousand years
Number per square kilometre
NumberPerSquareMetre
Number per square metre
NumberPerSquareMetrePerDay
Number per square metre per day
NumberPerYear
"Number per Year" is a unit for 'Frequency' expressed as #/yr. -- QUDT
Number per Year
Oct
An octave is a doubling or halving of a frequency. One oct is the logarithmic frequency interval between f1 and f2 when f2/f1 = 2. -- QUDT
Oersted
Oersted (abbreviated as Oe) is the unit of magnetizing field (also known as H-field, magnetic field strength or intensity) in the CGS system of units. -- QUDT
"Oersted Centimeter" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Magnetomotive Force' expressed as Oe-cm. -- QUDT
Oersted Centimetre
OhmMetre
Ohm metre.
OhmSquareMetrePerMetre
Ohm square metre per metre.
OunceMass
An ounce of mass is 1/16th of a pound of mass, based on the international standard definition of the pound as exactly 0.45359237 kg. -- QUDT
Ounce Mass
OunceTroy
An obsolete unit of mass; the Troy Ounce is 1/12th of a Troy Pound. Based on the international definition of a Troy Pound as 5760 grains, the Troy Ounce is exactly 480 grains, or 0.0311034768 kg. -- QUDT
Ounce Troy
Oz_Ft
unit of the unbalance as a product of avoirdupois ounce according to the avoirdupois system of units and foot according to the Anglo-American and Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Ounce (avoirdupois) Foot
Oz_In
unit of the unbalance as a product of avoirdupois ounce according to the avoirdupois system of units and inch according to the Anglo-American and Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Ounce (avoirdupois) Inch
Oz_Per_Day
traditional unit of the mass avoirdupois ounce according to the avoirdupois system of units divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Ounce (avoirdupois) Per Day
Oz_Per_Gal_Uk
unit of the density according to the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Ounce (avoirdupois) Per Gallon (UK)
Oz_Per_Gal_Us
Ounce (avoirdupois) Per Gallon (US)
Oz_Per_Hr
traditional unit of the mass avoirdupois ounce according to the avoirdupois system of units divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Ounce (avoirdupois) Per Hour
Oz_Per_Min
traditional unit of the mass avoirdupois ounce according to the avoirdupois system of units divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Ounce (avoirdupois) Per Minute
Oz_Per_Sec
traditional unit of the mass avoirdupois ounce according to the avoirdupois system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Ounce (avoirdupois) Per Second
Oz_Per_Yd3
unit ounce according to the avoirdupois system of units divided by the power of the unit yard according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Ounce (avoirdupois) Per Cubic Yard
Oz_Vol_Uk
Fluid Ounce (UK)
Oz_Vol_Uk_Per_Day
unit of the volume fluid ounce (UK) for fluids according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Ounce (UK Fluid) Per Day
Oz_Vol_Uk_Per_Hr
unit of the volume fluid ounce (UK) for fluids according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Ounce (UK Fluid) Per Hour
Oz_Vol_Uk_Per_Min
unit of the volume fluid ounce (UK) for fluids according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Ounce (UK Fluid) Per Minute
Oz_Vol_Uk_Per_Sec
unit of the volume fluid ounce (UK) for fluids according to the Imperial system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Ounce (UK Fluid) Per Second
Oz_Vol_Us_Per_Day
unit of the volume fluid ounce (US) for fluids according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by unit for time day -- QUDT
Ounce (US Fluid) Per Day
Oz_Vol_Us_Per_Hr
unit of the volume fluid ounce (US) for fluids according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Ounce (US Fluid) Per Hour
Oz_Vol_Us_Per_Min
unit of the volume fluid ounce (US) for fluids according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Ounce (US Fluid) Per Minute
Oz_Vol_Us_Per_Sec
unit of the volume fluid ounce (US) for fluids according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Ounce (US Fluid) Per Second
Parsec
The parsec (parallax of one arcsecond; symbol: pc) is a unit of length, equal to just under 31 trillion (31 × 10¹²) kilometres (about 19 trillion miles), 206265 AU, or about 3.26 light-years. The parsec measurement unit is used in astronomy. It is defined as the length of the adjacent side of an imaginary right triangle in space. The two dimensions that specify this triangle are the parallax angle (defined as 1 arcsecond) and the opposite side (defined as 1 astronomical unit (AU), the distance from the Earth to the Sun). Given these two measurements, along with the rules of trigonometry, the length of the adjacent side (the parsec) can be found. -- QUDT
Dimensionless unit for concentration. Recommended practice is to use specific units such as ug/l. -- QUDT
Parts per billion
PartPerMillion
Parts per million
PartPerMillionPerKelvin
Unit for expansion ratios expressed as parts per million per Kelvin. -- QUDT
Parts Per Million per Kelvin
PartPerTenMillion
Parts per Ten Million
PartPerTenMillionPerKelvin
Unit for expansion ratios expressed as parts per ten million per Kelvin. -- QUDT
Parts Per Ten Million per Kelvin
Parts per thousand
Parts per thousand per hour
Parts per trillion
Parts per trillion by volume
Pascal metre.
Pascal metre per second.
Pascal metre per square second.
PascalPerMetre
SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Pascal Per Metre
PascalPerMinute
A rate of change of pressure measured as the number of Pascals in a period of one minute. -- QUDT
Pascal per Minute
PascalPerSecond
A rate of change of pressure measured as the number of Pascals in a period of one second. -- QUDT
Pascal per Second
PascalSecondPerCubicMetre
`Pascal Second Per Cubic Meter` (Pa-s/m³) is a unit in the category of Acoustic impedance. It is also known as `pascal-second/cubic meter`. It has a dimension of ML⁻⁴T⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Pascal Second Per Cubic Metre
PascalSecondPerMetre
Pascal Second Per Meter (Pa-s/m) is a unit in the category of Specific acoustic impedance. It is also known as pascal-second/meter. Pascal Second Per Meter has a dimension of ML²T⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. It essentially the same as the corresponding standard SI unit kg/m2· s. -- QUDT
Pascal Second Per Metre
The pebibyte is a standards-based binary multiple (prefix pebi, symbol Pi) of the byte, a unit of digital information storage. The pebibyte unit symbol is PiB. 1 pebibyte = 1125899906842624bytes = 1024 tebibytes The pebibyte is closely related to the petabyte, which is defined as 10¹⁵ bytes = 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes. -- QUDT
PebiByte
PennyWeight
"Penny Weight" is a unit for 'Mass' expressed as dwt. -- QUDT
Penny Weight
Pennyweight
non SI-conforming unit of mass which comes from the Anglo-American Troy or Apothecaries' Weight System of units according to NIST of 1 pwt = 1.555174 10³ kg -- QUDT
PerCentiMetre
reciprocal of the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
ReciprocalCentimetre
PerCubicCentiMetre
reciprocal of the 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
ReciprocalCubicCentiMetre
PerCubicMetre
"Per Cubic Meter" is a denominator unit with dimensions /m³. -- QUDT
Reciprocal Cubic Metre
PerCubicMetreSecond
Per cubic metre and second.
PerCubicMilliMetre
reciprocal value of the 0.000000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
ReciprocalCubicMilliMetre
PerHenry
Reciprocal Henry.
ReciprocalHenry
PerJouleCubicMetre
Per Joule cubic metre.
PerKelvin
Per Kelvin Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /K. -- QUDT
Reciprocal Kelvin
PerKiloMetre
Per Kilometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /km. -- QUDT
ReciprocalKiloMetre
PerMetre
Per Meter Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /m. -- QUDT
Reciprocal metre
PerMetreKelvin
Per Meter Kelvin Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /m.k. -- QUDT
ReciprocalMetreKelvin
PerMetreNanoMetre
Per metre and nanometre.
ReciprocalMetreNanoMetre
PerMetreNanoMetreSteradian
Per metre and nanometre and steradian.
ReciprocalMetreNanoMetreSteradian
PerMetreSecond
Per metre and second.
ReciprocalMetreSecond
PerMetreSteradian
Per metre and steradian.
ReciprocalMetreSteradian
PerMicroMetre
Per Micrometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /microm. -- QUDT
ReciprocalMicroMetre
PerMilliMetre
Per Millimeter Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /mm. -- QUDT
ReciprocalMilliMetre
PerMilliSecond
Per millisecond.
ReciprocalMilliSecond
PerMole
Per Mole Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions mol⁻¹. -- QUDT
ReciprocalMole
PerNanoMetre
Per Nanometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /nm. -- QUDT
ReciprocalNanoMetre
PerPascal
Per Pascal.
ReciprocalPascal
PerPascalSecond
Per Pascal and Second.
PerPicoMetre
Per Picoometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /pm. -- QUDT
ReciprocalPicoMetre
PerSecond
A reciprical unit of time for `reciprocal second` or `inverse second`. The `Per Second` is a unit of rate. -- QUDT
ReciprocalSecond
PerSecondSquareMetre
`Per Second Square Meter` is a measure of flux with dimensions /sec-m². -- QUDT
ReciprocalSecondSquareMetre
PerSecondSquareMetreSteradian
Per Second Square Meter Steradian is a denominator unit with dimensions /sec-m²-sr. -- QUDT
ReciprocalSecondSquareMetreSteradian
PerSecondSteradian
Per Second Steradian Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /sec-sr. -- QUDT
ReciprocalSecondSteradian
PerSquareJoule
Per Square Joule is a denominator unit with dimensions /eV². -- QUDT
ReciprocalSquareJoule
Per Square Kilogram is a denominator unit with dimensions /kg². -- QUDT
ReciprocalSquareKilogram
PerSquareMetre
"Per Square Meter" is a denominator unit with dimensions /m². -- QUDT
ReciprocalSquareMetre
PerSquareMetreSecond
Per square metre and second.
ReciprocalSquareMetreSecond
PerSquareSecond
Per square second.
ReciprocalSquareSecond
PerSteradian
Per steradian.
ReciprocalSteradian
PerTeslaMetre
Per Tesla Meter Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /m .· T. -- QUDT
ReciprocalTeslaMetre.
PerTeslaSecond
Per Tesla Second Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /s . T. -- QUDT
Per Tesla and Second unit.
PerWeber
Per Weber unit.
ReciprocalWeber
Percent
"Percent" is a unit for 'Dimensionless Ratio' expressed as %. -- QUDT
PercentPerDay
Percent per day
PercentPerHour
Percent per hour
PercentPerMetre
Percent per metre
PercentPerWeek
A rate of change in percent over a period of 7 days -- QUDT
Percent per week
PercentRelativeHumidity
Percent relative humidity is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature, expressed as a percentage. -- QUDT
Percent Relative Humidity
A petabyte is a unit of information equal to one quadrillion bytes, or 1024 terabytes. The unit symbol for the petabyte is PB. The prefix peta (P) indicates the fifth power to 1000: 1 PB = 1000000000000000B, 1 million gigabytes = 1 thousand terabytes The pebibyte (PiB), using a binary prefix, is the corresponding power of 1024, which is more than 12% greater (2⁵⁰ bytes = 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes). -- QUDT
PetaByte
A PetaCoulomb is 10¹⁵ C. -- QUDT
PetaCoulomb
1,000,000,000,000,000-fold of the derived SI unit joule -- QUDT
Phot
A phot (ph) is a photometric unit of illuminance, or luminous flux through an area. It is not an SI unit, but rather is associated with the older centimetre gram second system of units. Metric dimensions: illuminance = luminous intensity × solid angle / length. -- QUDT
Pica
A pica is a typographic unit of measure corresponding to 1/72 of its respective foot, and therefore to 1/6 of an inch. The pica contains 12 point units of measure. Notably, Adobe PostScript promoted the pica unit of measure that is the standard in contemporary printing, as in home computers and printers. Usually, pica measurements are represented with an upper-case 'P' with an upper-right-to-lower-left virgule (slash) starting in the upper right portion of the 'P' and ending at the lower left of the upright portion of the 'P'; essentially drawing a virgule (/) through a 'P'. Note that these definitions are different from a typewriter's pica setting, which denotes a type size of ten characters per horizontal inch. -- QUDT
picoampere
Picoamps per micromole per litre
A PicoCoulomb is 10⁻¹² C. -- QUDT
PicoCoulomb
"PicoF" is a common unit of electric capacitance equal to 10⁻¹² farad. This unit was formerly called the micromicrofarad. -- QUDT
1e-12 fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the SI base unit metre. -- QUDT
Picofarad Per Metre
10**-12 grams or one 10**-15 of the SI standard unit of mass (kilogram). -- QUDT
One part per 10**12 (trillion) by mass of the measurand in the matrix. -- QUDT
Picograms per gram
One part per 10**15 by mass of the measurand in the matrix. -- QUDT
Picograms per kilogram
One 10**15 part of the SI standard unit of mass of the measurand per millilitre volume of matrix. -- QUDT
Picograms per millilitre
0.000000000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry -- QUDT
0.000000000001-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
0.000000000001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
PicoMole
Picomoles per cubic metre
Picomoles per cubic metre per second
Picomoles per kilogram
Picomoles per litre
A change in the quantity of matter of 10⁻¹² moles in the SI unit of volume scaled by 10⁻³ over a period of 86400 seconds. -- QUDT
Picomoles per litre per day
A change in the quantity of matter of 10⁻¹² moles in the SI unit of volume scaled by 10⁻³ over a period of 3600 seconds. -- QUDT
Picomoles per litre per hour
Picomoles per metre per watt per second
Picomoles per square metre per day
PicoPascal
0.000000000001-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Picopascal Per Kilometre
0.000000000001-fold of the SI base unit second -- QUDT
PicoSiemens
0.000000000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Picosiemens Per Metre
0.000000000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT
The power (scaled by 10⁻¹²) per SI unit of area (scaled by 10⁻⁴) produced per SI unit of volume (scaled by 10⁻³). -- QUDT
Picowatts per square centimetre per litre
0.000000000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Picowatt Per Square Metre
Pint_Uk
unit of the volume (both for fluids and for dry measures) according to the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Pint (UK)
Pint_Uk_Per_Day
unit of the volume pint (UK) (both for fluids and for dry measures) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Pint (UK) Per Day
Pint_Uk_Per_Hr
unit of the volume pint (UK) (both for fluids and for dry measures) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Pint (UK) Per Hour
Pint_Uk_Per_Min
unit of the volume pint (UK) (both for fluids and for dry measures) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Pint (UK) Per Minute
Pint_Uk_Per_Sec
unit of the volume pint (UK) (both for fluids and for dry measures) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Pint (UK) Per Second
Pint_Us_Per_Day
unit of the volume pint (US liquid) according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Pint (US Liquid) Per Day
Pint_Us_Per_Hr
unit of the volume pint (US liquid) according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Pint (US Liquid) Per Hour
Pint_Us_Per_Min
unit of the volume pint (US liquid) according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Pint (US Liquid) Per Minute
Pint_Us_Per_Sec
unit of the volume pint (US liquid) according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Pint (US Liquid) Per Second
Pk_Uk
unit of the volume according to the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Peck (UK)
Pk_Uk_Per_Day
unit of the volume peck (UK) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Peck (UK) Per Day
Pk_Uk_Per_Hr
unit of the volume peck (UK) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Peck (UK) Per Hour
Pk_Uk_Per_Min
unit of the volume peck (UK) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Peck (UK) Per Minute
Pk_Uk_Per_Sec
unit of the volume peck (UK) according to the Imperial system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Peck (UK) Per Second
Pk_Us_Dry_Per_Day
unit of the volume peck (US dry) as dry measure according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Peck (US Dry) Per Day
Pk_Us_Dry_Per_Hr
unit of the volume peck (US dry) as dry measure according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Peck (US Dry) Per Hour
Pk_Us_Dry_Per_Min
unit of the volume peck (US dry) as dry measure according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Peck (US Dry) Per Minute
Pk_Us_Dry_Per_Sec
unit of the volume peck (US dry) as dry measure according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Peck (US Dry) Per Second
PlanckAngularFrequency
Planck Angular Frequency
PlanckArea
Planck Area
PlanckCharge
In physics, the Planck charge, denoted by, is one of the base units in the system of natural units called Planck units. It is a quantity of electric charge defined in terms of fundamental physical constants. The Planck charge is defined as: coulombs, where: is the speed of light in the vacuum, is Planck's constant, is the reduced Planck constant, is the permittivity of free space is the elementary charge = (137.03599911) is the fine structure constant. The Planck charge is times greater than the elementary charge e carried by an electron. -- QUDT
Planck Charge
PlanckCurrent
The Planck current is the unit of electric current, denoted by Iₚ, in the system of natural units known as Planck units. ≈ 3.479 × 10 A, where: the Planck time is the permittivity in vacuum and the reduced Planck constant G is the gravitational constant c is the speed of light in vacuum. The Planck current is that current which, in a conductor, carries a Planck charge in Planck time. Alternatively, the Planck current is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length and negligible circular cross-section, and placed a Planck length apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to a Planck force per Planck length. -- QUDT
Planck Current
PlanckCurrentDensity
Planck Current Density
PlanckDensity
The Planck density is the unit of density, denoted by ρₚ, in the system of natural units known as Planck units. 1 ρₚ is ≈ 5.155 × 10⁹⁶ kg/m³. This is a unit which is very large, about equivalent to 10²³ solar masses squeezed into the space of a single atomic nucleus. At one unit of Planck time after the Big Bang, the mass density of the universe is thought to have been approximately one unit of Planck density. -- QUDT
Planck Density
PlanckEnergy
In physics, the unit of energy in the system of natural units known as Planck units is called the Planck energy, denoted by Eₚ. Eₚ is a derived, as opposed to basic, Planck unit. An equivalent definition is: Eₚ = ℏ / tₚ where tₚ is the Planck time. Also: Eₚ = mₚ c² where mₚ is the Planck mass. -- QUDT
Planck Energy
PlanckForce
Planck force is the derived unit of force resulting from the definition of the base Planck units for time, length, and mass. It is equal to the natural unit of momentum divided by the natural unit of time. -- QUDT
Planck Force
PlanckFrequency
Planck Frequency
PlanckImpedance
The Planck impedance is the unit of electrical resistance, denoted by Zₚ, in the system of natural units known as Planck units. The Planck impedance is directly coupled to the impedance of free space, Z₀, and differs in value from Z₀ only by a factor of 4π. If the Planck charge were instead defined to normalize the permittivity of free space, ε₀, rather than the Coulomb constant, 1/(4πε₀), then the Planck impedance would be identical to the characteristic impedance of free space. -- QUDT
Planck Impedance
PlanckLength
In physics, the Planck length, denoted ℓₚ, is a unit of length, equal to 1.616199(97)×10⁻³⁵ metres. It is a base unit in the system of Planck units. The Planck length can be defined from three fundamental physical constants: the speed of light in a vacuum, Planck's constant, and the gravitational constant. -- QUDT
Planck Length
PlanckMass
In physics, the Planck mass, denoted by mₚ, is the unit of mass in the system of natural units known as Planck units. It is defined so that ≈ 1.2209 × 10 GeV/c₀ = 2.17651(13) × 10 kg, (or 21.7651 μ g), where c₀ is the speed of light in a vacuum, G is the gravitational constant, and ℏ is the reduced Planck constant. Particle physicists and cosmologists often use the reduced Planck mass, which is ≈ 4.341 × 10 kg = 2.435 × 10 GeV/c. The added factor of 1/{√{8π}} simplifies a number of equations in general relativity. Quantum effects are typified by the magnitude of Planck's constant. -- QUDT
Planck Mass
PlanckMomentum
Planck momentum is the unit of momentum in the system of natural units known as Planck units. It has no commonly used symbol of its own, but can be denoted by, where is the Planck mass and is the speed of light in a vacuum. Then where is the reduced Planck's constant, is the Planck length, is the gravitational constant. In SI units Planck momentum is ≈ 6.5 kg m/s. -- QUDT
Planck Momentum
PlanckPower
The Planck energy divided by the Planck time is the Planck power Pₚ , equal to about 3.62831 × 10⁵² W. This is an extremely large unit; even gamma-ray bursts, the most luminous phenomena known, have output on the order of 1 × 10⁴⁵ W, less than one ten-millionth of the Planck power. -- QUDT
Planck Power
PlanckPressure
Planck Pressure
PlanckTime
In physics, the Planck time, denoted by tₚ, is the unit of time in the system of natural units known as Planck units. It is the time required for light to travel, in a vacuum, a distance of 1 Planck length. The unit is named after Max Planck, who was the first to propose it. tₚ ≡ √(ℏ G/c⁵) ≈ 5.39106(32) × 10⁻⁴⁴ s where, c is the speed of light in a vacuum, ℏ is the reduced Planck's constant (defined as ℏ = h/(2 π)) and G is the gravitational constant. The two digits between parentheses denote the standard error of the estimated value. -- QUDT
Planck Time
PlanckVolt
Planck Volt
PlanckVolume
Planck Volume
Plancktemperature
PlanckTemperature
In typography, a point is the smallest unit of measure, being a subdivision of the larger pica. It is commonly abbreviated as pt. The point has long been the usual unit for measuring font size and leading and other minute items on a printed page. -- QUDT
PoundDegreeFahrenheit
`Pound Degree Fahrenheit` is an Imperial unit for 'Mass Temperature' expressed as lb-degF. -- QUDT
Pound Degree Fahrenheit
PoundDegreeRankine
`Pound Degree Rankine` is an Imperial unit for 'Mass Temperature' expressed as lb-degR. -- QUDT
Pound Degree Rankine
PoundForceFoot
"Pound Force Foot" is an Imperial unit for 'Torque' expressed as lbf-ft. -- QUDT
Pound Force Foot
PoundForceFootPerAmpere
product of the Anglo-American unit pound-force and foot divided by the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
Pound Force Foot Per Ampere
PoundForceFootPerPound
product of the Anglo-American unit pound-force and the Anglo-American unit foot divided by the Anglo-American unit pound (US) of mass -- QUDT
Pound Force Foot Per Pound
PoundForceInch
"Pound Force Inch" is an Imperial unit for 'Torque' expressed as lbf-in. -- QUDT
Pound Force Inch
PoundForcePerFoot
"Pound Force per Foot" is an Imperial unit for 'Force Per Length' expressed as lbf/ft. -- QUDT
Pound Force Per Foot
PoundForcePerInch
"Pound Force per Inch" is an Imperial unit for 'Force Per Length' expressed as lbf/in. -- QUDT
Pound Force per Inch
PoundForcePerPound
"Pound Force per Pound" is an Imperial unit for 'Thrust To Mass Ratio' expressed as lbf/lb. -- QUDT
Pound Force per Pound
PoundForcePerSquareFoot
Pounds or Pounds Force per Square Foot is a British (Imperial) and American pressure unit which is directly related to the psi pressure unit by a factor of 144 (1 sq ft = 12 in x 12 in = 144 sq in). 1 Pound per Square Foot equals 47.8803 Pascals. The psf pressure unit is mostly for lower pressure applications such as specifying building structures to withstand a certain wind force or rating a building floor for maximum weight load. -- QUDT
Pound Force per Square Foot
PoundForcePerSquareInchDegreeFahrenheit
composed unit for pressure (pound-force per square inch) divided by the unit degree Fahrenheit for temperature -- QUDT
Pound Force Per Square Inch Degree Fahrenheit
PoundForcePerSquareInchSecond
"Pound Force per Square Inch Second" is a unit for 'Force Per Area Time' expressed as lbf / in²-s. -- QUDT
Pound Force per Square Inch Second
PoundForceSecondPerSquareFoot
"Pound Force Second per Square Foot" is an Imperial unit for 'Dynamic Viscosity' expressed as lbf-s/ft². -- QUDT
Pound Force Second per Square Foot
PoundForceSecondPerSquareInch
"Pound Force Second per Square Inch" is an Imperial unit for 'Dynamic Viscosity' expressed as lbf-s/in². -- QUDT
Pound Force Second per Square Inch
PoundMass
A pound of mass, based on the international standard definition of the pound as exactly 0.45359237 kg. -- QUDT
Pound Mass
PoundMole
Pound Mole is a unit for `Mass Amount Of Substance` expressed as lb-mol.. -- QUDT
Pound Mole
PoundMoleDegreeFahrenheit
`Pound Mole Degree Fahrenheit` is a unit for 'Mass Amount Of Substance Temperature' expressed as lb-mol-degF. -- QUDT
Pound Mole Degree Fahrenheit
PoundPerCubicFoot
"Pound per Cubic Foot" is an Imperial unit for 'Density' expressed as lb/ft³. -- QUDT
Pound per Cubic Foot
PoundPerCubicInch
"Pound per Cubic Inch" is an Imperial unit for 'Density' expressed as lb/in³. -- QUDT
Pound per Cubic Inch
PoundPerCubicMetre
"Pound per Cubic Meter" is a unit for 'Density' expressed as lb/m³. -- QUDT
Pound per Cubic Metre
PoundPerCubicYard
"Pound per Cubic Yard" is an Imperial unit for 'Density' expressed as lb/yd³. -- QUDT
Pound per Cubic Yard
PoundPerFoot
"Pound per Foot" is an Imperial unit for 'Mass Per Length' expressed as lb/ft. -- QUDT
Pound per Foot
PoundPerFootHour
"Pound per Foot Hour" is an Imperial unit for 'Dynamic Viscosity' expressed as lb/(ft-hr). -- QUDT
Pound per Foot Hour
PoundPerFootSecond
"Pound per Foot Second" is an Imperial unit for 'Dynamic Viscosity' expressed as lb/(ft-s). -- QUDT
Pound per Foot Second
PoundPerGallon
"Pound per Gallon" is an Imperial unit for 'Density' expressed as lb/gal. -- QUDT
Pound per Gallon
PoundPerHour
Pound per hour is a mass flow unit. It is abbreviated as PPH or more conventionally as lb/h. Fuel flow for engines is usually expressed using this unit, it is particularly useful when dealing with gases or liquids as volume flow varies more with temperature and pressure. 1 lb/h = 0.4535927 kg/h = 126.00 mg/s. Minimum fuel intake on a jumbojet can be as low as 150 lb/h when idling, however this is not enough to sustain flight. -- QUDT
Pound per Hour
PoundPerInch
"Pound per Inch" is an Imperial unit for 'Mass Per Length' expressed as lb/in. -- QUDT
Pound per Inch
PoundPerMinute
"Pound per Minute" is an Imperial unit for 'Mass Per Time' expressed as lb/min. -- QUDT
Pound per Minute
PoundTroy
An obsolete unit of mass; the Troy Pound has been defined as exactly 5760 grains, or 0.3732417216 kg. A Troy Ounce is 1/12th of a Troy Pound. -- QUDT
Pound Troy
Poundal
The poundal is a unit of force that is part of the foot-pound-second system of units, in Imperial units introduced in 1877, and is from the specialized subsystem of English absolute (a coherent system). The poundal is defined as the force necessary to accelerate 1 pound-mass to 1 foot per second per second. 1 pdl = 0.138254954376 N exactly. -- QUDT
PoundalPerSquareFoot
Poundal Per Square Foot (pdl/ft²) is a unit in the category of Pressure. It is also known as poundals per square foot, poundal/square foot. This unit is commonly used in the UK, US unit systems. Poundal Per Square Foot has a dimension of ML⁻¹T⁻², where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit `Pa` by multiplying its value by a factor of 1.488163944. -- QUDT
Poundal per Square Foot
PracticalSalinityUnit
Practical salinity scale 1978 (PSS-78) is used for ionic content of seawater determined by electrical conductivity. Salinities measured using PSS-78 do not have units, but are approximately scaled to parts-per-thousand for the valid range. The suffix psu or PSU (denoting practical salinity unit) is sometimes added to PSS-78 measurement values. The addition of PSU as a unit after the value is "formally incorrect and strongly discouraged". -- QUDT
Practical salinity unit
Psi
Pounds of force per square inch, the unit for pressure as a compounded unit pound-force according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the power of the unit Inch according to the Anglo-American and Imperial system of units by exponent 2 -- QUDT
PSI
PsiCubicInchPerSecond
product of the composed unit for pressure (pound-force per square inch) and the composed unit for volume flow (cubic inch per second) -- QUDT
Psi Cubic Inch Per Second
PsiCubicMetrePerSecond
product of the composed unit for pressure (pound-force per square inch) and the composed unit for volume flow (cubic metre per second) -- QUDT
PSI Cubic Metre Per Second
PsiCubicYardPerSecond
product of the composed unit for pressure (pound-force per square inch) and the square inch) and the composed unit for volume flow (cubic yard per second) -- QUDT
Psi Cubic Yard Per Second
PsiLitrePerSecond
product of the composed unit for pressure (pound-force per square inch) and the composed unit for volume flow (litre per second) -- QUDT
Psi Litre Per Second
PsiPerPsi
composed unit for pressure (pound-force per square inch) divided by the composed unit for pressure (pound-force per square inch) -- QUDT
Psi Per Psi
Qt_Uk
Quart (UK)
Qt_Uk_Per_Day
unit of the volume quart (UK liquid) for fluids according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Quart (UK Liquid) Per Day
Qt_Uk_Per_Hr
unit of the volume quart (UK liquid) for fluids according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Quart (UK Liquid) Per Hour
Qt_Uk_Per_Min
unit of the volume quart (UK liquid) for fluids according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Quart (UK Liquid) Per Minute
Qt_Uk_Per_Sec
unit of the volume quart (UK liquid) for fluids according to the Imperial system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Quart (UK Liquid) Per Second
Qt_Us_Per_Day
unit fo the volume quart (US liquid) for fluids according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Quart (US Liquid) Per Day
Qt_Us_Per_Hr
unit fo the volume quart (US liquid) for fluids according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Quart (US Liquid) Per Hour
Qt_Us_Per_Min
unit fo the volume quart (US liquid) for fluids according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Quart (US Liquid) Per Minute
Qt_Us_Per_Sec
unit fo the volume quart (US liquid) for fluids according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Quart (US Liquid) Per Second
Quad
A quad is a unit of energy equal to 10 BTU, or 1.055 × 10 joule, which is 1.055 exajoule or EJ in SI units. The unit is used by the U.S. Department of Energy in discussing world and national energy budgets. Some common types of an energy carrier approximately equal 1 quad are: 8,007,000,000 Gallons (US) of gasoline 293,083,000,000 Kilowatt-hours (kWh) 36,000,000 Tonnes of coal 970,434,000,000 Cubic feet of natural gas 5,996,000,000 UK gallons of diesel oil 25,200,000 Tonnes of oil 252,000,000 tonnes of TNT or five times the energy of the Tsar Bomba nuclear test. -- QUDT
Quarter_Uk
unit of the mass according to the avoirdupois system of units: 1 qr. l. = 28 lb -- QUDT
Quarter (UK)
QuarticCoulombMetrePerCubicEnergy
"Quartic Coulomb Meter per Cubic Energy" is a unit for 'Quartic Electric Dipole Moment Per Cubic Energy' expressed as C⁴ m⁴ J⁻³. -- QUDT
Quartic Coulomb Metre per Cubic Energy
QuarticInch
power of the unit inch according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 4 -- QUDT
Quartic Inch
QuarticMetre
A unit associated with area moments of inertia. -- QUDT
Quartic Metre
Metre to the power four per second.
QuarticMilliMetre
0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 4 -- QUDT
Quartic Millimetre
QuinticMetre
Metre to the power of five.
RadianPerHour
"Radian per Hour" is a unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as rad/h. -- QUDT
Radian per Hour
RadianPerMetre
Radian per metre.
RadianPerMinute
Radian Per Minute (rad/min) is a unit in the category of Angular velocity. It is also known as radians per minute, radian/minute. Radian Per Minute (rad/min) has a dimension of aT-1 where T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit rad/s by multiplying its value by a factor of 0.0166666666667. -- QUDT
Radian per Minute
RadianPerSecond
"Radian per Second" is the SI unit of rotational speed (angular velocity), and, also the unit of angular frequency. The radian per second is defined as the change in the orientation of an object, in radians, every second. -- QUDT
radian per second
RadianPerSquareSecond
Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity. In SI units, it is measured in radians per Square second (rad/s²), and is usually denoted by the Greek letter α. -- QUDT
Radian per Square Second
Radian square metre per kilogram.
RadianSquareMetrePerMole
Radian square metre per mole.
Rayl
`Rayl` is one of two units of specific acoustic impedance. When sound waves pass through any physical substance the pressure of the waves causes the particles of the substance to move. The sound specific impedance is the ratio between the sound pressure and the particle velocity it produces. The specific impedance is one rayl if unit pressure produces unit velocity. It is defined as follows: 1 rayl = 1 dyn· s· cm⁻³ Or in SI as: 1 rayl = 10⁻¹Pa· s· m⁻¹, which equals 10 N · s· m⁻³. -- QUDT
RPK (Reads Per Kilobases) are obtained by dividing read counts by gene lengths (expressed in kilo-nucleotides). -- QUDT
Reads Per Kilobase
ReciprocalÅngström
reciprocal of the unit angstrom -- QUDT
ReciprocalAngstrom
ReciprocalBar
reciprocal of the metrical unit with the name bar -- QUDT
Reciprocal Bar
ReciprocalCubicFoot
reciprocal value of the power of the unit foot according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Reciprocal Cubic Foot
ReciprocalCubicInch
reciprocal value of the power of the unit inch according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Reciprocal Cubic Inch
ReciprocalCubicYard
reciprocal value of the unit yard according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Reciprocal Cubic Yard
ReciprocalDay
reciprocal of the unit day -- QUDT
Reciprocal Day
ReciprocalGram
Reciprocal gram
ReciprocalHour
A reciprocal unit of time for `reciprocal hour` or "inverse hour". -- QUDT
Reciprocal Hour
reciprocal of the 1,000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere and the unit hour -- QUDT
Reciprocal Kilovolt Ampere Hour
ReciprocalLitre
reciprocal value of the unit litre -- QUDT
Reciprocal Litre
Units used to describe the sensitivity of detection of a spectrophotometer. -- QUDT
Reciprocal micromole per litre
ReciprocalMillePerPsi
thousandth divided by the composed unit for pressure (pound-force per square inch) -- QUDT
Reciprocal Mille Per Psi
ReciprocalMinute
A reciprocal unit of time for `reciprocal minute` or `inverse minute`. -- QUDT
Reciprocal Minute
ReciprocalMonth
reciprocal of the unit month -- QUDT
Reciprocal Month
ReciprocalPsi
reciprocal value of the composed unit for pressure (pound-force per square inch) -- QUDT
Reciprocal Psi
ReciprocalSquareElectronVolt
Per Square Electron Volt is a denominator unit with dimensions /eV². -- QUDT
Reciprocal Square Electron Volt
ReciprocalSquareGigaElectronVolt
Per Square Giga Electron Volt Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /GeV². -- QUDT
Reciprocal Square Giga Electron Volt
ReciprocalWeek
reciprocal of the unit week -- QUDT
Reciprocal Week
ReciprocalYear
reciprocal of the unit year -- QUDT
Reciprocal Year
RegisterTon
The register ton is a unit of volume used for the cargo capacity of a ship, defined as 100 cubic feet (roughly 2.83 cubic metres). -- QUDT
Register Ton
In multiphase flow in porous media, the relative permeability of a phase is a dimensionless measure of the effective permeability of that phase. It is the ratio of the effective permeability of that phase to the absolute permeability. It can be viewed as an adaptation of Darcy's law to multiphase flow. For two-phase flow in porous media given steady-state conditions, we can write where is the flux, is the pressure drop, is the viscosity. -- QUDT
Relative Permeability
The `relative permittivity` of a material under given conditions reflects the extent to which it concentrates electrostatic lines of flux. In technical terms, it is the ratio of the amount of electrical energy stored in a material by an applied voltage, relative to that stored in a vacuum. Likewise, it is also the ratio of the capacitance of a capacitor using that material as a dielectric, compared to a similar capacitor that has a vacuum as its dielectric. Relative permittivity is a dimensionless number that is in general complex. The imaginary portion of the permittivity corresponds to a phase shift of the polarization P relative to E and leads to the attenuation of electromagnetic waves passing through the medium. ε_r(w) = (ε(w))/(ε_O) where ε_r(w) is the complex frequency-dependent absolute permittivity of the material, and ε_O is the vacuum permittivity. -- QUDT
Relative Permittivity
Rem
A Rem is a deprecated unit used to measure the biological effects of ionizing radiation. The rem is defined as equal to 0.01 sievert, which is the more commonly used unit outside of the United States. Equivalent dose, effective dose, and committed dose can all be measured in units of rem. These quantities are products of the absorbed dose in rads and weighting factors. These factors must be selected for each exposure situation; there is no universally applicable conversion constant from rad to rem. A rem is a large dose of radiation, so the millirem (mrem), which is one thousandth of a rem, is often used for the dosages commonly encountered, such as the amount of radiation received from medical x-rays and background sources. -- QUDT
Revolution
"Revolution" is a unit for 'Plane Angle' expressed as rev. -- QUDT
RevolutionPerHour
"Revolution per Hour" is a unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as rev/h. -- QUDT
Revolution per Hour
RevolutionPerMinute
"Revolution per Minute" is a unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as rev/min. -- QUDT
Revolution per Minute
RevolutionPerSecond
"Revolution per Second" is a unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as rev/s. -- QUDT
Revolution per Second
RevolutionPerSquareSecond
"Revolution per Square Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Angular Acceleration' expressed as rev-per-s². -- QUDT
Revolution per Square Second
Rod
A unit of distance equal to 5.5 yards (16 feet 6 inches). -- QUDT
SamplePerSecond
The number of discrete samples of some thing per second. -- QUDT
Sample per second
Second per metre.
SecondPerRadianCubicMetre
Second per radian and cubic metre unit.
SecondSquareFoot
"Second Square Foot" is an Imperial unit for 'Area Time' expressed as s-ft². -- QUDT
Second Square Foot
SexticMetre
Metre to the power of six.
Shake
A shake is an informal unit of time equal to 10 nanoseconds. It has applications in nuclear physics, helping to conveniently express the timing of various events in a nuclear explosion. The typical time required for one step in the chain reaction (i.e. the typical time for each neutron to cause a fission event which releases more neutrons) is of order 1 shake, and the chain reaction is typically complete by 50 to 100 shakes. -- QUDT
Shannon
The "Shannon" is a unit of information. -- QUDT
ShannonPerSecond
The "Shannon per Second" is a unit of information rate. -- QUDT
Shannon per Second
ShortTon
The short ton is a unit of mass equal to 2,000 pounds (907.18474 kg). In the United States it is often called simply ton without distinguishing it from the metric ton (tonne, 1,000 kilograms / 2,204.62262 pounds) or the long ton (2,240 pounds / 1,016.0469088 kilograms); rather, the other two are specifically noted. There are, however, some U.S. applications for which unspecified tons normally means long tons. -- QUDT
Short Ton
ShortTonPerCubicYard
The short ton per cubic yard density measurement unit is used to measure volume in cubic yards in order to estimate weight or mass in short tons. -- QUDT
Short Ton per Cubic Yard
ShortTonPerHour
The short Ton per Hour is a unit used to express a weight processed in a period of time. -- QUDT
Short Ton per Hour
SiderealDay
The length of time which passes between a given fixed star in the sky crossing a given projected meridian (line of longitude). The sidereal day is 23 h 56 m 4.1 s, slightly shorter than the solar day because the Earth 's orbital motion about the Sun means the Earth has to rotate slightly more than one turn with respect to the "fixed" stars in order to reach the same Earth-Sun orientation. Another way of thinking about the difference is that it amounts to 1/365.2425^{th} of a day per day, since even if the Earth did not spin on its axis at all, the Sun would appear to make one rotation around the Earth as the Earth completed a single orbit (which takes one year). -- QUDT
Sidereal Day
SiderealHour
Sidereal time is a time-keeping system astronomers use to keep track of the direction to point their telescopes to view a given star in the night sky. A mean sidereal day is about 23 h 56 m 4.1 s in length. However, due to variations in the rotation rate of the Earth, the rate of an ideal sidereal clock deviates from any simple multiple of a civil clock. In practice, the difference is kept track of by the difference UTC-UT1, which is measured by radio telescopes and kept on file and available to the public at the IERS and at the United States Naval Observatory. A Sidereal Hour is 1/24^{th} of a Sidereal Day. A mean sidereal day is 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.0916 seconds (23.9344699 hours or 0.99726958 mean solar days), the time it takes Earth to make one rotation relative to the vernal equinox. (Due to nutation, an actual sidereal day is not quite so constant.) The vernal equinox itself precesses slowly westward relative to the fixed stars, completing one revolution in about 26,000 years, so the misnamed sidereal day ("sidereal" is derived from the Latin sidus meaning "star") is 0.0084 seconds shorter than Earth's period of rotation relative to the fixed stars. -- QUDT
Sidereal Hour
SiderealMinute
Sidereal time is a time-keeping system astronomers use to keep track of the direction to point their telescopes to view a given star in the night sky. A mean sidereal day is about 23 h 56 m 4.1 s in length. However, due to variations in the rotation rate of the Earth, the rate of an ideal sidereal clock deviates from any simple multiple of a civil clock. In practice, the difference is kept track of by the difference UTC-UT1, which is measured by radio telescopes and kept on file and available to the public at the IERS and at the United States Naval Observatory. A Sidereal Minute is 1/60^{th} of a Sidereal Hour, which is 1/24^{th} of a Sidereal Day. -- QUDT
Sidereal Minute
SiderealYear
A sidereal year is the time taken for Sun to return to the same position with respect to the stars of the celestial sphere. -- QUDT
Sidereal Year
SiemensSquareMetrePerMole
Siemens square metre per mole.
Slug
The slug is a unit of mass associated with Imperial units. It is a mass that accelerates by 1 ft/s when a force of one pound-force (lbF) is exerted on it. With standard gravity gc = 9.80665 m/s, the international foot of 0.3048 m and the avoirdupois pound of 0.45359237 kg, one slug therefore has a mass of approximately 32.17405 lbm or 14.593903 kg. At the surface of the Earth, an object with a mass of 1 slug exerts a force of about 32.17 lbF or 143 N. -- QUDT
SlugPerCubicFoot
"Slug per Cubic Foot" is an Imperial unit for 'Density' expressed as slug/ft³. -- QUDT
Slug per Cubic Foot
SlugPerDay
unit slug for mass according to an English engineering system divided by the unit day -- QUDT
Slug Per Day
SlugPerFoot
"Slug per Foot" is an Imperial unit for 'Mass Per Length' expressed as slug/ft. -- QUDT
Slug per Foot
SlugPerFootSecond
`Slug per Foot Second` is a unit for 'Dynamic Viscosity' expressed as slug/(ft-s). -- QUDT
Slug per Foot Second
SlugPerHour
unit slug for mass slug according to the English engineering system divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Slug Per Hour
SlugPerMinute
unit slug for the mass according to the English engineering system divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Slug Per Minute
SlugPerSecond
"Slug per Second" is an Imperial unit for 'Mass Per Time' expressed as slug/s. -- QUDT
Slug per Second
SlugPerSquareFoot
"Slug per Square Foot" is an Imperial unit for 'Mass Per Area' expressed as slug/ft². -- QUDT
Slug per Square Foot
SolarMass
The astronomical unit of mass is the solar mass.The symbol S is often used in astronomy to refer to this unit, although M⊙ is also common. The solar mass, 1.98844 × 10³⁰ kg, is a standard way to express mass in astronomy, used to describe the masses of other stars and galaxies. It is equal to the mass of the Sun, about 333,000 times the mass of the Earth or 1,048 times the mass of Jupiter. In practice, the masses of celestial bodies appear in the dynamics of the solar system only through the products GM, where G is the constant of gravitation. -- QUDT
Solar mass
A unit of area equal to that of a square, of sides 1cm -- QUDT
Square Centimetre
"Square centimeter minute" is a unit for 'Area Time' expressed as cm² . m. -- QUDT
Square Centimetre Minute
Square centimetre per cubic centimetre.
SquareCentiMetrePerGram
Square centimetre per second.
"Square Centimeter Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Area Time' expressed as cm² . s. -- QUDT
Square Centimetre Second
SquareCoulombSquareMetrePerJoule
"Square Coulomb Square Meter per Joule" is a unit for 'Polarizability' expressed as C² m² J⁻¹. -- QUDT
Square Coulomb Square Metre per Joule
0.1-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Square Decimetre
SquareDegree
A square degree is a non-SI unit measure of solid angle. It is denoted in various ways, including deg, sq. deg. and °². Just as degrees are used to measure parts of a circle, square degrees are used to measure parts of a sphere. Analogous to one degree being equal to π /180 radians, a square degree is equal to (π /180) or about 1/3283 steradian. The number of square degrees in a whole sphere is or approximately 41 253 deg. This is the total area of the 88 constellations in the list of constellations by area. For example, observed from the surface of the Earth, the Moon has a diameter of approximately 0.5°, so it covers a solid angle of approximately 0.196 deg, which is 4.8 × 10 of the total sky sphere. -- QUDT
Square degree
Square degree Celsius per second.
SquareFoot
The square foot (plural square feet; abbreviated ft² or sq ft) is an imperial unit and U.S. customary unit of area, used mainly in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. It is defined as the area of a square with sides of 1 foot in length. -- QUDT
Square Foot
SquareFootDegreeFahrenheit
`Square Foot Degree Fahrenheit` is an Imperial unit for 'Area Temperature' expressed as ft²-degF. -- QUDT
Square Foot Degree Fahrenheit
SquareFootHourDegreeFahrenheit
`Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit` is an Imperial unit for 'Area Time Temperature' expressed as ft²-hr-degF. -- QUDT
Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit
SquareFootHourDegreeFahrenheitPerBtu
`Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit per BTU` is an Imperial unit for 'Thermal Insulance' expressed as (degF-hr-ft²)/Btu. -- QUDT
Square Foot Hour Degree Fahrenheit per BTU
SquareFootPerBtuInch
Square Foot per BTU Inch
SquareFootPerHour
`Square Foot per Hour` is an Imperial unit for `Kinematic Viscosity` and `Thermal Diffusivity` expressed as ft²/hr. -- QUDT
Square Foot per Hour
SquareFootPerSecond
"Square Foot per Second" is an Imperial unit for 'Kinematic Viscosity' expressed as ft²/s. -- QUDT
Square Foot per Second
SquareFootSecondDegreeFahrenheit
`Square Foot Second Degree Fahrenheit` is an Imperial unit for 'Area Time Temperature' expressed as ft²· s· degF. -- QUDT
Square Foot Second Degree Fahrenheit
SquareInch
A square inch is a unit of area, equal to the area of a square with sides of one inch. The following symbols are used to denote square inches: square in, sq inches, sq inch, sq in inches/-2, inch/-2, in/-2, inches², inch², in², inches², inch², in² or in some cases "². The square inch is a common unit of measurement in the United States and the United Kingdom. -- QUDT
Square Inch
SquareInchPerSecond
power of the unit inch according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units with the exponent 2 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Square Inch Per Second
SquareKelvin
Square Kelvin.
Square kilogram per square second.
SquareMetre
The S I unit of area is the square metre. -- QUDT
Square metre and cubic Hertz.
Square metre Hertz.
SquareMetreKelvin
`Square Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Area Temperature' expressed as m²-K. -- QUDT
Square Metre Kelvin
SquareMetreKelvinPerWatt
`Square Meter Kelvin per Watt` is a unit for 'Thermal Insulance' expressed as (K²)m/W. -- QUDT
Square Metre Kelvin per Watt
A unit in the category of specific area.
Square metres per gram
Square metres per gram of dry sediment
Square metres per hectare. -- QUDT
square metres per hectare
Square metre per Hertz.
Square metre per Hertz and angular degree unit.
SquareMetrePerJoule
Square metre per Joule.
SquareMetrePerKelvin
Square metre per Kelvin.
Square Meter Per Kilogram (m2/kg) is a unit in the category of Specific Area. It is also known as square meters per kilogram, square metre per kilogram, square metres per kilogram, square meter/kilogram, square metre/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Square Meter Per Kilogram (m2/kg) has a dimension of M-1L2 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Square Metre per Kilogram
SquareMetrePerMole
Square Meter Per Mole (m2/mol) is a unit in the category of Specific Area. It is also known as square meters per mole, square metre per per, square metres per per, square meter/per, square metre/per. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Square Meter Per Mole (m2/mol) has a dimension of M-1L2 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Square Metre per Mole
SquareMetrePerNewton
power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 divided by the derived SI unit newton -- QUDT
Square Metre Per Newton
SquareMetrePerSecond
Square Metres per second is the SI derived unit of angular momentum, defined by distance or displacement in metres multiplied by distance again in metres and divided by time in seconds. The unit is written in symbols as m2/s or m2u00b7s-1 or m2s-1. It may be better understood when phrased as "metres per second times metres", i.e. the momentum of an object with respect to a position. -- QUDT
Square Metre per Second
Square metres per square Hertz.
SquareMetrePerSquareMetre
A square metre unit of area per square metre -- QUDT
square metre per square metre
Square metre per square second.
SquareMetrePerSteradian
Square metre per steradian.
SquareMetrePerSteradianJoule
Square metre per steradian and Joule.
SquareMetrePerVoltSecond
Square metre per volt second.
Square metre and quartic Hertz.
Square metre seconds per radian.
Square metre and square Hertz.
SquareMetreSteradian
"Square Meter Steradian" is a unit for 'Area Angle' expressed as m²-sr. -- QUDT
Square Metre Steradian
0.000000000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Square Micrometre
Square microns per millilitre
SquareMile
The square mile (abbreviated as sq mi and sometimes as mi) is an imperial and US unit of measure for an area equal to the area of a square of one statute mile. It should not be confused with miles square, which refers to the number of miles on each side squared. For instance, 20 miles square (20 × 20 miles) is equal to 400 square miles. One square mile is equivalent to: 4,014,489,600 square inches 27,878,400 square feet, 3,097,600 square yards, 640 acres, 258.9988110336 hectares, 2560 roods, 25,899,881,103.36 square centimetres, 2,589,988.110336 square metres, 2.589988110336 square kilometres When applied to a portion of the earth's surface, which is curved rather than flat, 'square mile' is an informal synonym for section. -- QUDT
Square Mile
0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Square Millimetre
0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Square Millimetre Per Second
A unit of area equal to that of a square, of sides 1nm -- QUDT
Square Nanometre
SquarePascalPerSquareSecond
Square Pascal per square second.
SquarePascalSecond
Square Pascal Second (Pa²· s) is a unit in the category of sound exposure. -- QUDT
Square Pascal Second
SquareSecond
"Square Second" is a unit for 'Square Time' expressed as s². -- QUDT
Square Second
SquareVoltPerSquareKelvin
Square volt per square Kelvin.
SquareYard
The square yard is an imperial/US customary unit of area, formerly used in most of the English-speaking world but now generally replaced by the square metre outside of the U.S. , Canada and the U.K. It is defined as the area of a square with sides of one yard in length. (Gaj in Hindi). -- QUDT
Square Yard
Standard
non SI-conform unit of the volume of readily finished wood material : 1 standard = 1,980 board feet or approximate 4.672 cubic metre -- QUDT
StandardAtmosphere
The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is an international reference pressure defined as 101.325 kPa and formerly used as unit of pressure. For practical purposes it has been replaced by the bar which is 100 kPa. The difference of about 1% is not significant for many applications, and is within the error range of common pressure gauges. -- QUDT
Standard Atmosphere
Statampere
"Statampere" (statA) is a unit in the category of Electric current. It is also known as statamperes. This unit is commonly used in the cgs unit system. Statampere (statA) has a dimension of I where I is electric current. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit A by multiplying its value by a factor of 3.355641E-010. -- QUDT
The Statampere per Square Centimeter is a unit of electric current density in the c.g.s. system of units. -- QUDT
Statampere per Square Centimetre
Statcoulomb
The statcoulomb (statC) or franklin (Fr) or electrostatic unit of charge (esu) is the physical unit for electrical charge used in the centimetre-gram-second system of units (cgs) and Gaussian units. It is a derived unit given by 1 statC = 1 g cm s = 1 erg cm. The SI system of units uses the coulomb (C) instead. The conversion between C and statC is different in different contexts. The number 2997924580 is 10 times the value of the speed of light expressed in meters/second, and the conversions are exact except where indicated. The coulomb is an extremely large charge rarely encountered in electrostatics, while the statcoulomb is closer to everyday charges. -- QUDT
StatcoulombPerMole
"Statcoulomb per Mole" is a unit of measure for the electical charge associated with one mole of a substance. The mole is a unit of measurement used in chemistry to express amounts of a chemical substance, defined as an amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities (e.g., atoms, molecules, ions, electrons) as there are atoms in 12 grams of pure carbon-12 (12C), the isotope of carbon with atomic weight 12. -- QUDT
Statcoulomb per Mole
`Statcoulomb per Square Centimeter` is a unit of measure for electric flux density and electric polarization. One Statcoulomb per Square Centimeter is 2.15× 10⁹ coulomb per square inch. -- QUDT
Statcoulomb per Square Centimetre
Statfarad
Statfarad (statF) is a unit in the category of Electric capacitance. It is also known as statfarads. This unit is commonly used in the cgs unit system. Statfarad (statF) has a dimension of M⁻¹L⁻²T⁴I² where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit F by multiplying its value by a factor of 1.11265E-012. -- QUDT
Stathenry
"Stathenry" (statH) is a unit in the category of Electric inductance. It is also known as stathenries. This unit is commonly used in the cgs unit system. Stathenry (statH) has a dimension of ML²T⁻²I⁻² where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit H by multiplying its value by a factor of 8.987552 × 10¹¹ . -- QUDT
The Stathenry per Centimeter is a unit of measure for the absolute permeability of free space. -- QUDT
Stathenry per Centimetre
Statmho
"StatMHO" is the unit of conductance, admittance, and susceptance in the C.G.S e.s.u system of units. One statmho is the conductance between two points in a conductor when a constant potential difference of 1 statvolt applied between the points produces in the conductor a current of 1 statampere, the conductor not being the source of any electromotive force, approximately 1.1126 × 10⁻¹² mho. -- QUDT
Statohm
"StatOHM" is the unit of resistance, reactance, and impedance in the electrostatic C.G.S system of units, equal to the resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant potential difference of 1 statvolt between these points produces a current of 1 statampere; it is equal to approximately 8.9876 × 10¹¹ ohms. The statohm is an extremely large unit of resistance. In fact, an object with a resistance of 1 stat W would make an excellent insulator or dielectric . In practical applications, the ohm, the kilohm (k W ) and the megohm (M W or M) are most often used to quantify resistance. -- QUDT
Statsiemens
The unit of conductance, admittance, and susceptance in the centimeter-gram-second electrostatic system of units. -- QUDT
Statvolt
"statvolt" is a unit of voltage and electrical potential used in the cgs system of units. The conversion to the SI system is 1 statvolt = 299.792458 volts. The conversion factor 299.792458 is simply the numerical value of the speed of light in m/s divided by 106. The statvolt is also defined in the cgs system as 1 erg / esu. It is a useful unit for electromagnetism because one statvolt per centimetre is equal in magnitude to one gauss. Thus, for example, an electric field of one statvolt/cm has the same energy density as a magnetic field of one gauss. Likewise, a plane wave propagating in a vacuum has perpendicular electric and magnetic fields such that for every gauss of magnetic field intensity there is one statvolt/cm of electric field intensity. The abvolt is another option for a unit of voltage in the cgs system. -- QUDT
One statvolt per centimetre is equal in magnitude to one gauss. For example, an electric field of one statvolt/cm has the same energy density as a magnetic field of one gauss. Likewise, a plane wave propagating in a vacuum has perpendicular electric and magnetic fields such that for every gauss of magnetic field intensity there is one statvolt/cm of electric field intensity. The abvolt is another option for a unit of voltage in the cgs system. -- QUDT
Statvolt per Centimetre
Stere
The stere is a unit of volume in the original metric system equal to one cubic metre. The stere is typically used for measuring large quantities of firewood or other cut wood, while the cubic meter is used for uncut wood. It is not part of the modern metric system (SI). In Dutch there's also a kuub, short for kubieke meter which is similar but different. -- QUDT
Stilb
The `stilb (sb)` is the CGS unit of luminance for objects that are not self-luminous. It is equal to one candela per square centimeter or 10 nits (candelas per square meter). The name was coined by the French physicist A. Blondel around 1920. It comes from the Greek word stilbein meaning 'to glitter'. It was in common use in Europe up to World War I. In North America self-explanatory terms such as candle per square inch and candle per square meter were more common. The unit has since largely been replaced by the SI unit: candela per square meter. -- QUDT
Stone_Uk
unit of the mass which is commonly used for the determination of the weight of living beings regarding to the conversion to the avoirdupois system of units: 1 st = 14 lb (av) -- QUDT
Stone (UK)
SynodicMonth
A unit of time corresponding approximately to one cycle of the moon's phases, or about 30 days or 4 weeks and calculated as 29.53059 days. -- QUDT
Synodic month
T_M
T-M
T_Sec
T-SEC
Tablespoon
In the US and parts of Canada, a tablespoon is the largest type of spoon used for eating from a bowl. In the UK and most Commonwealth countries, a tablespoon is a type of large spoon usually used for serving. In countries where a tablespoon is a serving spoon, the nearest equivalent to the US tablespoon is either the dessert spoon or the soup spoon. A tablespoonful, nominally the capacity of one tablespoon, is commonly used as a measure of volume in cooking. It is abbreviated as T, tb, tbs, tbsp, tblsp, or tblspn. The capacity of ordinary tablespoons is not regulated by law and is subject to considerable variation. In most countries one level tablespoon is approximately 15 mL; in Australia it is 20 mL. -- QUDT
Teaspoon
A teaspoon is a unit of volume. In the United States one teaspoon as a unit of culinary measure is 1/3 tablespoon , that is, ≈ 4.93 mL; it is exactly 1/6 U.S. fl. oz, 1/48 cup, and 1/768 U.S. liquid gallon (see United States customary units for relative volumes of these other measures) and approximately 1/3 cubic inch. For nutritional labeling on food packages in the U.S., the teaspoon is defined as precisely 5 mL. -- QUDT
The tebibyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix tebi means 1024⁴ -- QUDT
TebiByte
TechnicalAtmosphere
A technical atmosphere (symbol: at) is a non-SI unit of pressure equal to one kilogram-force per square centimeter. The symbol 'at' clashes with that of the katal (symbol: 'kat'), the SI unit of catalytic activity; a kilotechnical atmosphere would have the symbol 'kat', indistinguishable from the symbol for the katal. It also clashes with that of the non-SI unit, the attotonne, but that unit would be more likely be rendered as the equivalent SI unit. Assay ton (abbreviation 'AT') is not a unit of measurement, but a standard quantity used in assaying ores of precious metals; it is 29 1D6 grams (short assay ton) or 32 2D3 grams (long assay ton), the amount which bears the same ratio to a milligram as a short or long ton bears to a troy ounce. In other words, the number of milligrams of a particular metal found in a sample of this size gives the number of troy ounces contained in a short or long ton of ore. -- QUDT
Technical Atmosphere
The terabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix tera means 10¹² in the International System of Units (SI), and therefore 1 terabyte is 1000000000000bytes, or 1 trillion bytes, or 1000 gigabytes. 1 terabyte in binary prefixes is 0.9095 tebibytes, or 931.32 gibibytes. The unit symbol for the terabyte is TB or TByte, but not Tb (lower case b) which refers to terabit. -- QUDT
TeraByte
A TeraCoulomb is 10¹² C. -- QUDT
TeraCoulomb
1 000 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit hertz -- QUDT
1 000 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT
1,000,000,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
1,000,000,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT
1,000,000,000,000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit watt and the unit hour -- QUDT
Terawatt Hour
Tex
`Tex is a unit of measure for the linear mass density of fibers and is defined as the mass in grams per 1000 meters. Tex is more likely to be used in Canada and Continental Europe, while denier remains more common in the United States and United Kingdom. The unit code is 'tex'. The most commonly used unit is actually the decitex, abbreviated dtex, which is the mass in grams per 10,000 meters. When measuring objects that consist of multiple fibers the term 'filament tex' is sometimes used, referring to the mass in grams per 1000 meters of a single filament. Tex is used for measuring fiber size in many products, including cigarette filters, optical cable, yarn, and fabric.` -- QUDT
ThermUs
`Therm` (symbol thm) is a non-SI unit of heat energy. It was defined in the United States in 1968 as the energy equivalent of burning 100 cubic feet of natural gas at standard temperature and pressure. In the US gas industry its SI equivalent is defined as exactly 100,000 BTU59 °F or 105.4804 megajoules. Public utilities in the U.S. use the therm unit for measuring customer usage of gas and calculating the monthly bills. -- QUDT
Therm US
ThermUsPerHour
`Therm` (symbol thm) is a non-SI unit of heat energy. It was defined in the United States in 1968 as the energy equivalent of burning 100 cubic feet of natural gas at standard temperature and pressure. Industrial processes in the U.S. use therm/hr unit most often in the power, steam generation, heating, and air conditioning industries. -- QUDT
Therm US per Hour
ThermochemicalCalorie
The energy needed to increase the temperature of a given mass of water by 1 °C at atmospheric pressure depends on the starting temperature and is difficult to measure precisely. Accordingly, there have been several definitions of the calorie. The two perhaps most popular definitions used in older literature are the 15 °C calorie and the thermochemical calorie. -- QUDT
Thermochemical Calorie
Thm_Eec
THM_EEC
TonEnergy
Energy equivalent of one ton of TNT -- QUDT
Ton Energy
TonOfOilEquivalent
Ton of Oil Equivalent
TonOfRefrigeration
12000 btu per hour -- QUDT
Ton of Refrigeration
TonOfRefrigerationHour
12000 btu -- QUDT
Ton of Refrigeration Hour
Ton_F_Us
unit of the force according to the American system of units -- QUDT
Ton Force (US Short)
Ton_Metric_Per_Sec
unit ton divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Tonne Per Second (metric Ton)
Ton_Shipping_Us
traditional unit for volume of cargo, especially in shipping -- QUDT
Ton (US Shipping)
Ton_Uk
traditional Imperial unit for volume of cargo, especially in the shipping sector -- QUDT
Ton (UK)
Ton_Uk_Per_Day
unit British ton according to the Imperial system of units divided by the unit day -- QUDT
Long Ton (uk) Per Day
Ton_Uk_Per_Yd3
unit of the density according the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Long Ton (UK) Per Cubic Yard
Ton_Us
unit of the mass according to the Anglo-American system of units -- QUDT
Ton (US)
Ton_Us_Per_Day
unit American ton according to the Anglo-American system of units divided by the unit day -- QUDT
Short Ton (us) Per Day
Ton_Us_Per_Hr
unit ton divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Ton (US) Per Hour
Ton_Us_Per_Yd3
Short Ton (US) Per Cubic Yard
TonnePerCubicMetre
unit tonne divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Tonne Per Cubic Metre
TonnePerDay
metric unit ton divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT
Tonne Per Day
TonnePerHectare
A measure of density equivalent to 1000kg per hectare or one Megagram per hectare, typically used to express a volume of biomass or crop yield. -- QUDT
MetricTonnePerHectare
metric tonne per hectare
tonne per hectare
TonnePerHectarePerYear
A measure of density equivalent to 1000kg per hectare per year or one Megagram per hectare per year, typically used to express a volume of biomass or crop yield. -- QUDT
tonne per hectare per year
TonnePerHour
unit tonne divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Tonne Per Hour
TonnePerMinute
unit ton divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Tonne Per Minute
TonnePerSecond
unit tonne divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Tonne Per Second
TropicalYear
A tropical year (also known as a solar year), for general purposes, is the length of time that the Sun takes to return to the same position in the cycle of seasons, as seen from Earth; for example, the time from vernal equinox to vernal equinox, or from summer solstice to summer solstice. Because of the precession of the equinoxes, the seasonal cycle does not remain exactly synchronised with the position of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun. As a consequence, the tropical year is about 20 minutes shorter than the time it takes Earth to complete one full orbit around the Sun as measured with respect to the fixed stars. Since antiquity, astronomers have progressively refined the definition of the tropical year, and currently define it as the time required for the mean Sun's tropical longitude (longitudinal position along the ecliptic relative to its position at the vernal equinox) to increase by 360 degrees (that is, to complete one full seasonal circuit). -- QUDT
Tropical Year
USPerm
A perm is a unit of permeance or "water vapor transmission" given a certain differential in partial pressures on either side of a material or membrane. The U.S. perm is defined as 1 grain of water vapor per hour, per square foot, per inch of mercury. -- QUDT
U.S. Perm
UnifiedAtomicMassUnit
The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: u) or dalton (symbol: Da) is the standard unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale (atomic mass). It is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state,[ and has a value of 1.660538921(73) × 10⁻²⁷ kg. One dalton is approximately equal to the mass of one nucleon; an equivalence of saying 1 g mol⁻¹. The CIPM have categorised it as a 'non-SI unit' because units values in SI units must be obtained experimentally. -- QUDT
Unified Atomic Mass Unit
UnitPole
A magnetic pole is a unit pole if it exerts a force of one dyne on another pole of equal strength at a distance of 1 cm. The strength of any given pole in cgs units is therefore numerically equal to the force in dynes which it exerts on a unit pole 1 cm away. -- QUDT
Unit Pole
UsDryPint
"US Dry Pint" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Dry Volume' expressed as dry_pt. -- QUDT
US Dry Pint
UsDryQuart
"US Dry Quart" is a unit for 'Dry Volume' expressed as dry_qt. -- QUDT
US Dry Quart
UsGallon
"US Gallon" is a unit for 'Liquid Volume' expressed as galUS. -- QUDT
US Gallon
UsGallonPerDay
"US Gallon per Day" is a unit for 'Volume Per Unit Time' expressed as gal/d. -- QUDT
US Gallon per Day
UsGallonPerMinute
"US Gallon per Minute" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Volume Per Unit Time' expressed as gal/min. -- QUDT
US Gallon per Minute
UsLiquidCup
"US Liquid Cup" is a unit for 'Liquid Volume' expressed as cup. -- QUDT
US Liquid Cup
UsLiquidOunce
"US Liquid Ounce" is a unit for 'Liquid Volume' expressed as oz. -- QUDT
US Liquid Ounce
UsLiquidPint
"US Liquid Pint" is a unit for 'Liquid Volume' expressed as pt. -- QUDT
US Liquid Pint
UsLiquidQuart
"US Liquid Quart" is a unit for 'Liquid Volume' expressed as qt. -- QUDT
US Liquid Quart
UsPeck
A peck is an imperial and U.S. customary unit of dry volume, equivalent to 2 gallons or 8 dry quarts or 16 dry pints. Two pecks make a kenning (obsolete), and four pecks make a bushel. In Scotland, the peck was used as a dry measure until the introduction of imperial units as a result of the Weights and Measures Act of 1824. The peck was equal to about 9 litres (in the case of certain crops, such as wheat, peas, beans and meal) and about 13 litres (in the case of barley, oats and malt). A firlot was equal to 4 pecks and the peck was equal to 4 lippies or forpets. -- QUDT
US Peck
UsSurveyFoot
`US Survey Foot` is a unit for 'Length' expressed as ftUS. -- QUDT
US Survey Foot
V_M
V-M
V_Stat-CentiM
derived SI unit volt divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Volt Per Centimetre
VoltPerInch
SI derived unit volt divided by the unit inch according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units -- QUDT
Volt Per Inch
VoltPerKelvin
Volt per Kelvin.
SI derived unit volt divided by the 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Volt Per Microsecond
SI derived unit volt divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Volt Per Millimetre
VoltPerSecond
'Volt per Second' is a unit of magnetic flux equaling one weber. This is the flux passing through a conducting loop and reduced to zero at a uniform rate in one second inducing an electric potential of one volt in the loop. -- QUDT
Volt per second
VoltPerSquareMetre
The divergence at a particular point in a vector field is (roughly) how much the vector field 'spreads out' from that point. Operationally, we take the partial derivative of each of the field with respect to each of its space variables and add all the derivatives together to get the divergence. Electric field (V/m) differentiated with respect to distance (m) yields V/(m²). -- QUDT
Volt per Square Metre
VoltSecondPerMetre
product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit second divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Volt Second Per Metre
VolumePercent
Volume fraction expressed in percent.
W_M2
W-M2
W_M2_Per_Sr
W-M2-PER-SR
WattHourPerKilogram
A unit of specific energy commonly used to measure the density of energy in batteries and capacitors.
WattHourPerLitre
A unit of energy density commonly used to measure the density of energy in batteries and capacitors.
The power per unit area of radiation of a given wavenumber illuminating a target at a given incident angle. -- QUDT
Watts metre per square metre steradian
WattPerCubicMetre
SI derived unit watt divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Watt Per Cubic Metre
WattPerKelvin
Watt Per Kelvin (W/K) is a unit in the category of Thermal conductivity. -- QUDT
Watt per Kelvin
SI derived unit watt divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Watt Per Kilogram
WattPerLitre
A unit for power per volume quantities.
Watts per metre.
WattPerMetreKelvin
Watt per metre and Kelvin unit.
Watt Per Square Centimeter is a unit of heat flux or thermal flux, the rate of heat energy transfer through a given surface. -- QUDT
Watt per Square Centimetre
WattPerSquareFoot
Watt Per Square Foot is a unit of heat flux or thermal flux, the rate of heat energy transfer through a given surface. -- QUDT
Watt per Square Foot
WattPerSquareInch
Watt Per Square Inch is a unit of heat flux or thermal flux, the rate of heat energy transfer through a given surface. -- QUDT
Watt per Square Inch
WattPerSquareMetreKelvin
`Watt Per Square Meter Per Kelvin `(W m⁻² K⁻¹) is a unit in the category of Thermal heat transfer coefficient. It is also known as watt/square meter-kelvin. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Watt Per Square Meter Per Kelvin (W m⁻² K⁻¹) has a dimension of MT⁻¹Q⁻¹ where M is mass, T is time, and Q is temperature. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Watt per Square Metre Kelvin
WattPerSquareMetrePascal
Watt Per Square Meter Per Pascal (W/m²-pa) is a unit of Evaporative Heat Transfer. -- QUDT
Watt per Square Metre Pascal
Watts per square metre per metre.
Watts per square metre and metre and steradian.
WattPerSquareMetreQuarticKelvin
Watt Per Square Meter Per Quartic Kelvin (W/m2·K4) is a unit in the category of light. -- QUDT
Watt per Square Metre Quartic Kelvin
WattPerSquareMetreSteradian
`Watt per steradian per square metre` is the SI unit of radiance (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻²), while that of spectral radiance in frequency is the watt per steradian per square metre per hertz (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻²·Hz⁻¹) and that of spectral radiance in wavelength is the watt per steradian per square metre, per metre (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻³), commonly the watt per steradian per square metre per nanometre (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻²·nm⁻¹). It has a dimension of ML⁻⁴T⁻³ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Watt per Square Metre Steradian
WattPerSteradian
`Watt Per Steradian (W/sr)` is the unit in the category of Radiant intensity. It is also known as watts per steradian. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Watt Per Steradian (W/sr) has a dimension of M· L⁻²· T⁻³ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Watt per Steradian
WattSecond
product of the SI derived unit watt and SI base unit second -- QUDT
Watt Second
Watt second per square metre.
WattHourPerCubicMetre
The watt hour per cubic meter is a unit of energy density, equal to 3,600 joule per cubic meter. -- QUDT
Watthour per Cubic metre
WeberMetre
Weber metre.
derived SI unit weber divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Weber Per Millimetre
Week
Mean solar week -- QUDT
WeightPercent
Mass fraction expressed in percent.
Yard
A yard is a unit of length in several different systems including United States customary units, Imperial units and the former English units. It is equal to 3 feet or 36 inches. Under an agreement in 1959 between Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States, the yard (known as the "international yard" in the United States) was legally defined to be exactly 0.9144 metres. -- QUDT
YardPerDegreeFahrenheit
unit yard according to the Anglo-American and the Imperial system of units divided by the unit for temperature degree Fahrenheit -- QUDT
Yard Per Degree Fahrenheit
Year
A year is any of the various periods equated with one passage of Earth about the Sun, and hence of roughly 365 days. The familiar calendar has a mixture of 365- and 366-day years, reflecting the fact that the time for one complete passage takes about 365¼ days; the precise value for this figure depends on the manner of defining the year. -- QUDT
A YoctoCoulomb is 10⁻²⁴ C. -- QUDT
YoctoCoulomb
A YottaCoulomb is 10²⁴ C. -- QUDT
YottaCoulomb
A ZeptoCoulomb is 10⁻²¹ C. -- QUDT
ZeptoCoulomb
A ZettaCoulomb is 10²¹ C. -- QUDT
ZettaCoulomb
hasMultipleMembers
A sub collection relation where the proper part is fully encompasses some of the members of the collection.
AmpereHour
`Ampere hour` is a practical unit of electric charge equal to the charge flowing in one hour through a conductor passing one ampere. An ampere-hour or amp-hour (symbol Ah, AHr, A · h, A h) is a unit of electric charge, with sub-units milliampere-hour (mAh) and milliampere second (mAs). One ampere-hour is equal to 3600 coulombs (ampere-seconds), the electric charge transferred by a steady current of one ampere for one hour. The ampere-hour is frequently used in measurements of electrochemical systems such as electroplating and electrical batteries. The commonly seen milliampere-hour (mAh or mA · h) is one-thousandth of an ampere-hour (3.6 coulombs). -- QUDT
Ampere Hour
AmperePerMetre
is the SI unit of magnetic field strength. One ampere per meter is equal to π/250 oersteds (12.566 371 millioersteds) in CGS units. The ampere per meter is also the SI unit of "magnetization" in the sense of magnetic dipole moment per unit volume; in this context 1 A/m = 0.001 emu per cubic centimeter. -- QUDT
Ampere per Metre
AmperePerMilliMetre
SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Ampere Per Millimetre
AmperePerSquareMetre
`Ampere Per Square Meter` is a unit in the category of electric current density. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT
Ampere per Square Metre
Arcsecond
"Arc Second" is a unit of angular measure, also called the `second of arc`, equal to 1/60 arcminute. One arcsecond is a very small angle: there are 1,296,000 in a circle. The SI recommends `double prime` ('') as the symbol for the arcsecond. The symbol has become common in astronomy, where very small angles are stated in milliarcseconds (mas). -- QUDT
ArcSecond
SecondOfArc
BarCubicMetrePerSecond
product out of the 0.001-fold of the unit bar and the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Bar Cubic Metre Per Second
BarLitrePerSecond
product of the unit bar and the unit litre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Bar Litre Per Second
BarPerBar
pressure relation consisting of the unit bar divided by the unit bar -- QUDT
Bar Per Bar
BarPerKelvin
unit with the name bar divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Bar Per Kelvin
Bel
A logarithmic unit of sound pressure equal to 10 decibels (dB), It is defined as: 1 B = (1/2) log₁₀(Np) -- QUDT
One bel is defined as `1⁄2 ln(10) neper`.
Today decibel (one tenth of a bel) is commonly used instead of bel.
bel is used to express the ratio of one value of a power or field quantity to another, on a logarithmic scale, the logarithmic quantity being called the power level or field level, respectively.
Btu_It
`British Thermal Unit` (BTU or Btu) is a traditional unit of energy equal to about 1.0550558526 ` kilojoule`. It is approximately the amount of energy needed to heat 1 pound (0.454 kg) of water from 39°F to 40°F. The unit is most often used in the power, steam generation, heating and air conditioning industries. In scientific contexts the BTU has largely been replaced by the SI unit of energy, the joule, though it may be used as a measure of agricultural energy production (BTU/kg). It is still used unofficially in metric English-speaking countries (such as Canada), and remains the standard unit of classification for air conditioning units manufactured and sold in many non-English-speaking metric countries. -- QUDT
British Thermal Unit (International Definition)
Btu_Th
'BTU_th' is a British Thermal Unit (thermochemical definition), is a traditional unit of energy equal to about 1.0543502645 kilojoule. It is approximately the amount of energy needed to heat 1 pound (0.454 kg) of water from 39°F (39°C) to 40°F (4.4°). The unit is most often used in the power, steam generation, heating and air conditioning industries. In scientific contexts the BTU has largely been replaced by the SI unit of energy, the joule. -- QUDT
British Thermal Unit (Thermochemical Definition)
Btu_Th_Per_Hr
British Thermal Unit (thermochemical) Per Hour
Cal_Mean
unit used particularly for calorific values of foods -- QUDT
Calorie (mean)
Cal_Th_Per_Min
unit calorie divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Calorie (thermochemical) Per Minute
Cal_Th_Per_Sec
unit calorie divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Calorie (thermochemical) Per Second
Candela
The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs.
`Coulomb Per Kilogram (C/kg)` is the unit in the category of Exposure. It is also known as coulombs per kilogram, coulomb/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Kilogram (C/kg) has a dimension of M⁻¹TI where M is mass, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Coulomb per Kilogram
EMMC ASBL European Materials Modelling Council Silversquare Stéphanie Avenue Louise 54 1050 Brussels CBE no: 0731 621 312
AreaPerTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerTemperature'.
CarbonAtom
Atom subclass for carbon.
DrawForming
Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction.
IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation
A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated.
isObjectOutputOf
OsmiumAtom
Atom subclass for osmium.
MagneticReluctivityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticReluctivity'.
isNotCauseOf
x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y)
Factory
A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled.
IndustrialPlant
NCNameData
Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum.
GyromagneticCoefficient
MagnetogyricRatio
ElectricInductance
A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance.
Inductance
AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountSquareTimePerMassVolume'.
Density
Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material.
MassConcentration
MassDensity
Mass per volume.
Welding
Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together.
PerEnergyUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerEnergy'.
GadoliniumAtom
Atom subclass for gadolinium.
CadmiumAtom
Atom subclass for cadmium.
CuriumAtom
Atom subclass for curium.
Permeability
Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field .
LutetiumAtom
Atom subclass for lutetium.
ZeroManifold
A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 0-dimensional Euclidean space.
0-manifold
SupplyChain
A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer.
TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePressurePerTime'.
GoldAtom
Atom subclass for gold.
TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureLengthPerTime'.
MolybdenumAtom
Atom subclass for molybdenum.
BismuthAtom
Atom subclass for bismuth.
PhaseHomogeneousMixture
A single phase mixture.
TotalComposition
A language construct that represents fraction or amount of all constituents of a substance.
Permittivity
Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field.
TitaniumAtom
Atom subclass for titanium.
ParticlesSystem
A particles system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork.
NonInteractingSystem
A W boson that travels through time and space and decays in a quark and anti-quark, and their evolution after their generation.
A particle system is a combination of elementary particles that may include also decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles.
MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassAmountOfSubstance'.
SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareMassPerSquareTime'.
DateTimeStampData
A data that represents instants of time, marked with a particular time zone offset.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:dateTimeStamp
AreaPerTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerTime'.
PlatinumAtom
Atom subclass for platinum.
SecondGenerationFermion
CeriumAtom
Atom subclass for cerium.
ActivityOfSolute
For a solute X in a solution; quantity proportional to the absolute activity.
RelativeActivityOfSolute
Heat
Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter.
hasStatus
ErbiumAtom
Atom subclass for erbium.
NeptuniumAtom
Atom subclass for neptunium.
AbsorbedDoseRate
Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time.
AstatineAtom
Atom subclass for astatine.
PraseodymiumAtom
Atom subclass for praseodymium.
ModellingLanguage
An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design.
Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures.
Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation.
hasSpeciesPart
Relates a chemical composition to one its species.
This property is typically used to relate a SingleComponentComposition to its chemical species.
Dataset
Encoded data made of more than one datum.
LorenzNumberUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'LorenzNumber'.
ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergy'.
NMTOKENData
HassiumAtom
Atom subclass for hassium.
BariumAtom
Atom subclass for barium.
Observed
A coded that has been observed by an interpreter.
The biography of a person met by the author.
MassPerElectricChargeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerElectricCharge'.
ShearCutting
Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]).
WeakBoson
CompositeBoson
A non-elementary particle (bonded) of a fundamental bosonic type (integer spin).
Examples of composite particles with integer spin: spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson spin 2: O15 in ground state.
Collapse
A collapse is a fundamental interaction between m colliding particles that results in a single outgoing particle (inverse decay) that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1) with m>1.
The class of fundamental systems where the number of input particles is reduced to one.
The Higgs boson production from two gluons, or a bottom and an anti-bottom quark.
HexBinaryData
Hexadecimal encoding of binary data, using the alphabet [0-9a-f].
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:hexBinary
Behaviour
A process which is a temporal part of an object.
Accelerating is a behaviour of a car.
Grinding
Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives.
Widening
Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging.
WBoson
A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction.
ChargedWeakBoson
IntermediateVectorBoson
SexticLengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SexticLength'.
Number
A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue.
A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers).
A numerical data value.
In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. More than one numeral stands for the same number. In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept.
Numeral
Base64Binary
Base-64 encoding of binary data.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:base64Binary
ShearForming
Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress.
UndefinedEdgeCutting
Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden
NeonAtom
Atom subclass for neon.
NitrogenAtom
Atom subclass for nitrogen.
3DPrinting
fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.
Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology.
This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.
SubObject
An object which is a temporal part of another object.
If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole.
Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts.
Photon
The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles.
ChemicalName
Name of a chemical according to a standard.
SerialTask
A task that is a temporal tile of a workflow when there are no other activities taking place concurrently (i.e., no parallelism).
PhysicsEquation
An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities.
The Newton's equation of motion. The Schrödinger equation. The Navier-Stokes equation.
AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerQuarticTime'.
isObjectInputOf
refersTo
FranciumAtom
Atom subclass for francium.
ProtactiniumAtom
Atom subclass for protactinium.
GluonType8
DefiningEquation
An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities.
The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. The definition of density as mass/volume. y = f(x)
ChromiumAtom
Atom subclass for chromium.
ReactionSintering
ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering
CalciumAtom
Atom subclass for calcium.
ManganeseAtom
Atom subclass for manganese.
HeliumAtom
Atom subclass for helium.
AmountPerMassPressureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMassPressure'.
SolidSolidSuspension
A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase.
Granite, sand, dried concrete.
EinsteiniumAtom
Atom subclass for einsteinium.
NeodymiumAtom
Atom subclass for neodymium.
LengthTimePerMassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimePerMass'.
MassPerQuarticTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerQuarticTime'.
GluonType1
MeitneriumAtom
Atom subclass for meitnerium.
FormingFromIonised
isNotCausedBy
SolidLiquidSuspension
A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase.
ActivityCoefficient
A coefficient in thermodynamics used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour.
hasVariable
SourceCode
A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do.
A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions.
Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters).
CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergy'.
SilverAtom
Atom subclass for silver.
Arrangement
A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts.
MereologicalState
e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin.
The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself.
The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole.
PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerPerAreaVolume'.
ActiniumAtom
Atom subclass for actinium.
LinearExpansionCoefficient
Relative change of length per change of temperature.
hasIcon
A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process.
MagneticFlux
Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field.
LithiumAtom
Atom subclass for lithium.
RhodiumAtom
Atom subclass for rhodium.
influences
The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an object O, where the non overlapping part of P is cause of O.
PrecipitationHardening
hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution
ByteData
A data representing 8-bit integer number.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:byte
RestMass
For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame.
InvariantMass
ProperMass
LiquidPhaseSintering
ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed
AtomicPhysicsCrossSection
Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles.
RadiumAtom
Atom subclass for radium.
GravitySintering
ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder
Loose-powderSintering
PressurelessSintering
RoentgeniumAtom
Atom subclass for roentgenium.
CobaltAtom
Atom subclass for cobalt.
Screwing
Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85).
ArsenicAtom
Atom subclass for arsenic.
LawrenciumAtom
Atom subclass for lawrencium.
Namer
An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters.
LiquidGasSuspension
A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase.
Sparkling water
Thickness
Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size.
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer
At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT.
ThermalTransmittance
isFragmentOf
ContinuumModel
A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume.
LengthTimeTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimeTemperature'.
Milling
Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface.
MolecularConcentration
Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume.
ThreeManifold
A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 3-dimensional Euclidean space.
3-manifold
FormingBlasting
Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82).
LiquidLiquidSuspension
A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase.
OxygenAtom
Atom subclass for oxygen.
GranularMaterial
A granular material is a conglomeration of discrete solid, macroscopic particles that are large enough to avoid thermal motion fluctuations, and characterized by a loss of energy whenever the particles interact.
SubProcess
A process which is a spatial part of another process.
Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being.
In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it.
precedes
A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity.
A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x).
foregoes
hasNext
isBefore
My life between 18-24 years has next my life between 24-32 years.
The raw sample has next the treated sampled, which has next the examined sample. In this sense the whole sample is made of three states, connected by the has next relation, following its evolution in time.
Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive.
NobeliumAtom
Atom subclass for nobelium.
Suspension
An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase.
Suspensions show no significant effect on light.
Auditory
A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound.
Sound
When we use the term 'sound' what are we referring to? The EMMO identifies a sound as the physical object that can be heard by the observer (more exactly, by the sensor of the observer). In this sense, a sound (which is an acoustical object) is to be identified as the air region that manifests the sound wave and is able to be perceived by an observer. In case the wave is travelling through water or steel, then these other media regions are the sounds. If the waveform is travelling through a cable as electronic signal (analog or digital) it is no more a sound, since it cannot be perceived by an observer as an acoustical object. This electrical waveform (or digital packet) is another physical that may stand for a sound if interpreted by a device (e.g. an amplifier, a DA converter).
'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, an ear.
LiquidSolution
A liquid solution made of two or more component substances.
WNegativeBoson
AntiElectronType
FormingFromGas
GluonType4
Nailing
Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85).
EnergyTimePerAmountUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyTimePerAmount'.
Interaction
A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that can be represented as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m,n>1. This concept covers fundamental particles interactions with 2 or more particles as input and as output.
The class of fundamental systems where two or more input particles interacts, providing an output of other two or more particles.
Electron-electron scattering. Electron-positron annihilation.
LuminousIntensity
A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye.
Datum
A self-consistent encoded data entity.
A character, a bit, a song in a CD.
String
A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged.
The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat.
A string is made of concatenated symbols whos arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list).
A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols.
IodineAtom
Atom subclass for iodine.
MechanicalMobilityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MechanicalMobility'.
DoubleData
A symbolic data representing a 64-bit floating point numbers incl. ±Inf, ±0, NaN.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:double
MesoscopicModel
A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle.
DarmastadtiumAtom
Atom subclass for darmastadtium.
BooleanData
A data representing a boolean number.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:boolean
Quecto
SI prefix who's value is 1e-30.
LengthPerCubeTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerCubeTime'.
processedTo
An indirect causal relation that relates the input of a process to its output.
isProcessedTo
Wavelength
Length of the repetition interval of a wave.
XenonAtom
Atom subclass for xenon.
CopperAtom
Atom subclass for copper.
SerialWorkflow
A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence.
CompositePhysicalObject
The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined.
A composite physical object is made of bonded objects (i.e. characterised by their quantum states using a Schrodinger equation approach) that are connected together by elementary particles travelling between them. These elemenentary particles are real particles, describing the existance of a classical field (e.g. Coulomb potential between charged particles).
ParallelWorkflow
A workflow can be seen as a direct acyclic graph, whose nodes are tasks and edges are asymmetric causal relations. A parallel graph occurs when the topological order of such graph if not unique, meaning that there is at least one portion of the workflow in which at least two tasks are running concurrently. Concurrent tasks may or may not communicate. Communication is represented as a symmetric causality relation, superimposing the direct acyclic graph structure of the workflow.
A workflow with some tasks running concurrently.
SystemProgram
System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function.
An operating system. A graphic driver.
SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperature'.
PositiveIntegerData
A data representing an integer number > 0.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:positiveInteger
ProcessEngineeringProcess
Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process.
ThoriumAtom
Atom subclass for thorium.
NonEncodedContrast
Contrast that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it.
EnvironmentalData
A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star.
A non encoded contrast (e.g. a temperature variation) can be represented by data that describes (e.g. the string "today it's warmer than yesterday") or quantifies (e.g. Monday 28 °C, Tuesday 30 °C) it through a semiotic process.
This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a contrast occurs naturally, such as cloud patterns, tree rings, stains. It doesn't mean that such contrasts cannot be used to deduce something: in fact they can be seen as indexes (in semiotic sense) of a causally connected phenomena. Simply, there is no agent behind that contrast with the intention to transmit data.
HydrogenAtom
Atom subclass for hydrogen.
releases
The relation between an object O1 that proper overlaps an object O2, where the non-overlapping part of O2 is caused by O1.
IridiumAtom
Atom subclass for iridium.
Tool
An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment.
PhysicalPhenomenon
A physical phenomenon is intended as a physical process that starts or ends with an unbonded state, or that includes incoming or aoutgoing particles.
The class of individuals standing for causally non-convex interacting systems.
A molecule, including a photon emitted (or captured) as result of a de-excitation (or excitation) process.
The formation of an hydrogen atom from a proton and electron.
hasQuantityValuePart
Relates a measurement result to one of its quantity value parts.
PhysicsMathematicalComputation
A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct.
The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality.
FermiumAtom
Atom subclass for fermium.
ReciprocalDuration
A quantity defined as the inverse of time.
InverseDuration
InverseTime
ReciprocalTime
Frequency or rate.
MassSquareTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassSquareTime'.
HardeningByRolling
Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material.
follows
isNextOf
succeeds
DeepFreezing
Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite
PerLengthTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLengthTemperature'.
BoronAtom
Atom subclass for boron.
NegativeIntegerData
A data representing an integer number < 0.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:negativeInteger
Information
Information is data with a meaning (semiotic sign).
The General Definition of Information (GDI) can be used to define the concept of information. (GDI) a is an instance of information, understood as semantic content, if and only if: GDI.l) a consists of n data, for n > 1; GDI.2) the data are well formed; GDI.3) the well-formed data are meaningful. In the EMMO conceptualisation, well-formed data are data with a specific syntactic structure (symbolic and reductionistic modules), while meaningful data are data that are part of a semiotic interpretation process that declares what the data are about (semiotic module).
Program
A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do.
Executable
A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data.
SamariumAtom
Atom subclass for samarium.
hasMetrologicalUncertainty
Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure.
Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty.
hasJunctionTile
A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation.
TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureAreaPerMassTime'.
TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureMassPerArea'.
HiggsBoson
An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field.
BohriumAtom
Atom subclass for bohrium.
SeaborgiumAtom
Atom subclass for seaborgium.
Moulding
Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70).
equalsTo
The relation between two individuals representing the same entity.
Equality is here defined following a mereological approach.
Bending
Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress
GapEnergy
Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature.
BandgapEnergy
GermaniumAtom
Atom subclass for germanium.
hasSingleMember
The relation between a collection and one of its item members.
hasMember
UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity.
QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticLengthPerTime'.
PlutoniumAtom
Atom subclass for plutonium.
ElectronicModel
A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons.
Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock.
Tempering
Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air.
SecondAxialMomentOfArea
OrganicCompound
A chemical compound containing carbon atoms. -- IUPAC
The definition of organic compound is based on the IUPAC Gold Book. However, sometimes an organic compound is defined as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond. Also, some carbon-containing compounds are typically not classified as organic, like carbides, carbonates, and cyanides.
etymology
The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning.
Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary.
The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents.
TennessineAtom
Atom subclass for tennessine.
GluonType2
AntiLepton
ProductionEngineering
GalliumAtom
Atom subclass for gallium.
DerivedQuantity
"Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system".
derived quantity
KryptonAtom
Atom subclass for krypton.
Quark
The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles.
hasSubObject
YttriumAtom
Atom subclass for yttrium.
PromethiumAtom
Atom subclass for promethium.
FreeForming
Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other.
Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation).
LeadAtom
Atom subclass for lead.
RedAntiQuark
ArgonAtom
Atom subclass for argon.
NihoniumAtom
Atom subclass for nihonium.
FirstGenerationFermion
processedFrom
PoloniumAtom
Atom subclass for polonium.
AreaSquareTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaSquareTime'.
RutherfordiumAtom
Atom subclass for rutherfordium.
PhosphorusAtom
Atom subclass for phosphorus.
SiliconAtom
Atom subclass for silicon.
hasChemicalSymbol
Relates an atomic element to its chemical symbol.
FleroviumAtom
Atom subclass for flerovium.
TungstenAtom
Atom subclass for tungsten.
ArtificialIntelligence
An agent that is a machine-learning or symbolic reasoning system (not biological-based).
ArtificialAgent
Hardening
Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix.
FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'FrequencyPerAreaTime'.
Gluon
The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles.
MeasuringSystem
A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. -- VIM
measuring system
AluminiumAtom
Atom subclass for aluminium.
isCognisedBy
hasDeterminedProperty
Relates a semiotic determination process to the determined property.
SeleniumAtom
Atom subclass for selenium.
At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: pH < 7 are acidic; pH = 7 are neutral; pH > 7 are alkaline. At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7.
Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ pH = −10 log(a_H+).
Written as pH
For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C
AmountOfSubstance
"In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." -- SI Brochure
The number of elementary entities present.
ThirdGenerationFermion
ThuliumAtom
Atom subclass for thulium.
MetrologicalUncertainty
In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty.
Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated.
The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity.
A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation.
- Standard deviation - Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability
Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured".
AtomisticModel
A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms.
LengthTimeCurrentUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimeCurrent'.
CaesiumAtom
Atom subclass for caesium.
MeasuredProperty
A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure.
The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. -- VIM
contacts
A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction.
An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions.
adjacentWith
hasSpatialnteractionWith
touches
An elementary electron is in contact with another elementary electron in a scattering process.
The laptop is in contact with the desk, since there is a double-directional causality.
Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive.
The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric.
SulfurAtom
Atom subclass for sulfur.
SquarePressureTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquarePressureTime'.
DensityOfVibrationalStates
quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume
EnergyAreaUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyArea'.
isInterpretantFor
SpatialTiling
A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial.
OWLRL2DLAxioms
Axioms to add to the OWL 2 RL version of the ontology to reach DL expressivity.
EndTask
The final task of a workflow.
There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output.
GluonType5
EuropiumAtom
Atom subclass for europium.
ProceduralAgent
An intentional agent that drives a process according to some existing formalised operative rules.
YtterbiumAtom
Atom subclass for ytterbium.
RheniumAtom
Atom subclass for rhenium.
FundamentalFermion
A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics.
StrontiumAtom
Atom subclass for strontium.
hasNumericalPart
Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood.
Somatosensory
A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sensation (such as a pressure, pain or temperature).
EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyLengthPerAmount'.
PartialComposition
A language construct that represents fraction or amount of some (but not all) constituents of a substance.
Assemblying
The act of connecting together the parts of something
No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom.
Rolling
Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools
FundamentalAntiMatterParticle
TemporalSequence
A tessellation of temporal slices.
isDirectPartOf
ElectricChargeAreaUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargeArea'.
Cleaning
Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material
SIAcceptedPrefixedUnit
Non-SI prefixed units that have been accepted by SI to be used together with the SI system.
ScientificTheory
A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology.
LiquidAerosol
An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas.
RutheniumAtom
Atom subclass for ruthenium.
hasQuantityPart
Relates a symbolic construct to one of its quantity parts.
hasDeterminedValue
Relates a determination to a determined quantity value.
IndiumAtom
Atom subclass for indium.
GluonType7
SolidAerosol
An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas.
MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperature'.
EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyDensityOfStates'.
Annealing
heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium
isCogniserFor
TinAtom
Atom subclass for tin.
IterativeTask
An iterative workflow which is a task of a larger workflow.
A Jacobi method, involving the iterative multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, which is part of larger workflow for the solution of a partial differential equation using finite differences.
SharedAgent
An intentional agent that takes part in driving a process without being a group.
Singing a song together with others. Carrying a piece of furniture together with others.
Entropy
Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system.
May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system.
isRedundantPartOf
StandardizedPhysicalQuantity
The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ).
TechnetiumAtom
Atom subclass for technetium.
MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerQuarticLengthTime'.
LanguageData
isDistinctPartOf
PolyatomicEntity
An entity made of two or more bonded atoms.
PathLength
Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points.
ArcLength
DownAntiQuarkType
hasConnectedPortion
The relation between individuals representing an item and one of its self-connected proper parts.
JouleThomsonCoefficient
Change of thermodynamic temperature with respect to pressure in a Joule-Thomson process at constant enthalpy.
IronAtom
Atom subclass for iron.
PressureCoefficient
Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume.
TemperaturePerPressureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerPressure'.
ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerArea'.
hasResourceIdentifier
Relates a resource to its identifier.
SpecificEnergyImparted
In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass.
Stage
A process which is a temporal part of another process.
Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running.
isQuantityValueFor
Decay
A decay is a fundamental process occurring to one particle that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n) with n>1, being n the number of outgoing particles.
The class of fundamental systems where a particle generates two or more other particles.
The W boson decays, where a single W boson decays in two particles such as electron and electron antineutrino, or quark and antiquark.
hasQualifiedRole
hasQualifiedPart
FloatData
A symbolic data representing a 32-bit floating point numbers incl. ±Inf, ±0, NaN.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:float
NiobiumAtom
Atom subclass for niobium.
hasMeasuredObject
Relates a measurement to the measured object (referent).
Ronna
SI prefix who's value is 1e27.
ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalAmountPerVolume'.
LanthanumAtom
Atom subclass for lanthanum.
manufacturedWith
Relates a manufactured product to the manufacturing process that it was manufactured with.
isManufacturedOutputOf
UraniumAtom
Atom subclass for uranium.
manufacturedBy
Relates a manufactured product to its manufacturer.
BromineAtom
Atom subclass for bromine.
ArtificialMaterial
CaliforniumAtom
Atom subclass for californium.
Maximal
The superclass for all classes of entities that have no proper parts of the same type of the whole are not proper part of an entity of that type.
A maximal class M (subclass of Maximal) is defined by choosing a reference type φ so that M is subclass of φ, all parts of x are needed to keep φ(x) and if you add something to x, then x is no more a φ.
SpecificHeatCapacity
Heat capacity divided by mass.
MoscoviumAtom
Atom subclass for moscovium.
DubniumAtom
Atom subclass for dubnium.
BerylliumAtom
Atom subclass for beryllium.
SparkErosion
A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching).
isSignificationFor
ChlorineAtom
Atom subclass for chlorine.
VIMTerm
quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO)
The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO.
MercuryAtom
Atom subclass for mercury.
VolumePerAmountTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerAmountTime'.
ThalliumAtom
Atom subclass for thallium.
ChemicalSymbolicConstruct
A symbolic construct that stands for a chemical.
H2O
SquareTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTemperature'.
QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergy'.
ZirconiumAtom
Atom subclass for zirconium.
Organisation
An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives.
ISO 55000:2014 organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives
isDeducedBy
RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour.
Ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat.
ElectricCurrentAreaUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentArea'.
TelluriumAtom
Atom subclass for tellurium.
Drilling
machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound).
StandardModelParticle
The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model.
ElementaryParticle
Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters.
Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions.
This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates).
AntimonyAtom
Atom subclass for antimony.
IsIndexFor
SolidGasSuspension
A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase.
OWL2DLRestrictedAxiom
Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability.
Dismantling
action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage
Soldering
Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents
Sawing
Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool
Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap.
RubidiumAtom
Atom subclass for rubidium.
BlueAntiQuark
CommandLanguage
An interpreted computer language for job control in computing.
Unix shell. Batch programming languages.
ProcedureUnit
A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure.
Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg)
Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint.
ElectricMobilityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricMobility'.
IntermidiateTile
A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation.
NickelAtom
Atom subclass for nickel.
PalladiumAtom
Atom subclass for palladium.
DataProcessingSoftware
An application program aimed for data processing.
DataProcessingApplication
AntiQuark
Document
A heterogeneous object made of different graphical object parts.
ElectricConductivity
Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity.
Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current.
RedQuark
OganessonAtom
Atom subclass for oganesson.
ModelledProperty
A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure.
SquareLengthPerVoltageTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareLengthPerVoltageTime'.
hasProcessOutput
The relation between a process P1 that proper overlaps a process P2, where the non-overlapping part of P2 is caused by P1.
InversePermittivityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'InversePermittivity'.
BerkeliumAtom
Atom subclass for berkelium.
ElectronType
Lepton
An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions.
isAffectedBy
hasSubProcess
The relation between a process and one of its process parts.
ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolume'.
AmountConcentration
The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
Concentration
MolarConcentration
Molarity
RadialDistance
Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface.
PotassiumAtom
Atom subclass for potassium.
ConventionalProperty
A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption.
A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose.
The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes.
Status
An object which is a temporal part of a process.
State
A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing.
Quetta
SI prefix who's value is 1e30.
FundamentalMatterParticle
SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTemperaturePerTime'.
IonAtom
A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number.
The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing,
isDeducerFor
NeutrinoType
An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity.
TantalumAtom
Atom subclass for tantalum.
Peening
(according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)
ChargeNumber
For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e.
The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−.
The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero.
IonizationNumber
GreenQuark
BlueQuark
Gustatory
A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a taste.
UpAntiQuarkType
SodiumAtom
Atom subclass for sodium.
EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensity'.
Neutron
An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.
Homonuclear
A molecule composed of only one element type.
ElementalMolecule
Hydrogen molecule (H₂).
Wavenumber
Reciprocal of the wavelength.
Repetency
The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation.
Olfactory
A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a smell.
ElectricResistivity
Electric field strength divided by the current density.
participatesTo
The relation between an object O that through overlaps a process P.
DysprosiumAtom
Atom subclass for dysprosium.
GluonType6
HafniumAtom
Atom subclass for hafnium.
hasConstitutiveProcess
Relates an object to one of its constitutive process parts that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria.
TerbiumAtom
Atom subclass for terbium.
IlluminanceTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'IlluminanceTime'.
MaterialBySize
MaterialRelation
A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities.
An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables).
The Lennard-Jones potential. A force field. An Hamiltonian.
SectionAreaIntegralUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SectionAreaIntegral'.
WPositiveBoson
hasObjectOutput
The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an object O, where the non-overlapping part of O is caused by P.
ComputerSystem
Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.
Computer
ParticleNumberDensity
Mean number of particles per volume.
MendeleviumAtom
Atom subclass for mendelevium.
Naming
A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule.
A unique id attached to an entity.
UnsignedByteData
A data representing 8-bit non-negative integer number, 0...255.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:unsignedByte
partakesIn
LiquidSolidSuspension
A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase.
Mud
RollingResistanceFactor
Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface.
isAddedTo
The relation between an object O1 and a object O2 that proper overlap, and the overlapping part of O1 is: a) next of the non overlapping part and b) a constituent of O2.
hasProcessInput
The relation between a process P1 that proper overlaps a process P2, where the non-overlapping part of P2 causes P1.
ProceduralData
Data that is encoded and/or decoded by a procedural agent following a procedure.
Graviton
The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles.
While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields.
QualifiedWhole
The qualified whole concept express the requirement for an entity of a type, say A, to have a part of another type, say B, with A and B belonging to different taxonomical branches. The concept of whole is then defined as something that needs a part of a specific type to exist. For example, an atom always requires a nucleus part to exist (but not viceversa)
The superclass for all classes of individuals that requires to have a part of another specific class of entity of different type with a specific relation with it.
QWhole
Al QWhole subclasses shuld have an axiom to express the part requirements, in the form of: MyQWholeClass SubClassOf: hasProperPart some AnotherClass This is a necessary but not sufficient condition.
Representation
A graphical object aimed to represent schematically the conceptual, temporal or spatial structure of another object, that may or may not exist.
GluonType3
hasBehaviour
LightAndRadiationQuantity
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7.
ManufacturedMaterial
A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process.
EngineeredMaterial
ProcessedMaterial
hasImproperInteractionWith
An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are not interpretable as fundamental physical interactions.
Gluing
Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material
ChemicalRepresentation
A representation of objects belonging to the chemistry field.
DeepDrawing
Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added
ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerTemperature'.
AntiNeutrinoType
isGeneratedBy
The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an object O , where the non overapping part of P is caused by O.
isReferentFor
DensityOfHeatFlowRate
At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures.
Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat.
AreicHeatFlowRate
hasReferencePart
Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood.
isIconFor
VanadiumAtom
Atom subclass for vanadium.
contributesTo
The relation between a process P1 that through overlaps a process P2.
CrystallineMaterial
AntiMatter
Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter.
This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities.
isSpatialPartOf
SpecificGasConstant
Quotient of the Boltzmann constant and the mass m.
hasStage
SquareTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTime'.
LivermoriumAtom
Atom subclass for livermorium.
MeasuringInstrument
A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system.
Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. -- VIM
measuring instrument
ZincAtom
Atom subclass for zinc.
Planing
Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test.
ConstitutiveProcess
A process which is a spatial part of an object.
Blood circulation in a human body.
A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole.
TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensity'.
isDescriptionFor
A semiotic relation that connects a description to a declared semiotic objec in a declaration process.
MathematicalModel
A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968
An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language.
ZBoson
An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction.
NeutralWeakBoson
Z bosons are their own antiparticles.
AmericiumAtom
Atom subclass for americium.
CoperniciumAtom
Atom subclass for copernicium.
LatentHeat
Heat released or absorbed energy during a constant-temperature process.
Ronto
SI prefix who's value is 1e-27.
TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation
A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method.
Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density.
ScandiumAtom
Atom subclass for scandium.
UpQuarkType
FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece
HolmiumAtom
Atom subclass for holmium.
LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor.
GaugeBoson
A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier.
All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons.
Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature.
RadonAtom
Atom subclass for radon.
UnintentionalAgent
An agent that is driven by the law of physics rather than the intention to reach a defined objective.
A catalyst.
hasImproperIndirectInteraction
The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path with at least one hasNonSpatialContactWith relation (i.e. non representing physical interactions).
DownQuarkType
FluorineAtom
Atom subclass for fluorine.
MagnesiumAtom
Atom subclass for magnesium.
SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquarePressurePerSquareTime'.
GreenAntiQuark
Exbi
Binary SI prefix who's value is 2**60.
Gauss
The gauss, abbreviated as G, is the cgs unit of measurement of a magnetic field B, which is also known as the "magnetic flux density" or the "magnetic induction". One gauss is defined as one maxwell per square centimeter; it equals 10⁻⁴ tesla (or 100 micro T). The Gauss is identical to maxwells per square centimetre; technically defined in a three-dimensional system, it corresponds in the SI, with its extra base unit the ampere. The gauss is quite small by earthly standards, 1 Gs being only about four times Earth's flux density, but it is subdivided, with 1 gauss = 105 gamma. This unit of magnetic induction is also known as the `abtesla`. -- QUDT
Gibi
Binary SI prefix who's value is 2**30.
GramPerHour
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Gram Per Hour
GramPerMetre
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Gram Per Metre
GramPerMinute
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Gram Per Minute
GramPerSecond
0,001fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Gram Per Second
GramPerSquareMetre
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Gram Per Square Metre
HenryPerMetre
The henry per meter (symbolized H/m) is the unit of magnetic permeability in the International System of Units ( SI ). Reduced to base units in SI, 1 H/m is the equivalent of one kilogram meter per square second per square ampere. -- QUDT
Henry per Metre
HertzPerKelvin
`Hertz per Kelvin` is a unit for 'Inverse Time Temperature' expressed as Hz K⁻¹. -- QUDT
Hertz per Kelvin
HertzPerTesla
"Hertz per Tesla" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Per Mass' expressed as Hz T⁻¹. -- QUDT
Hertz per Tesla
Inch
An inch is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, and United States customary units. There are 36 inches in a yard and 12 inches in a foot. Corresponding units of area and volume are the square inch and the cubic inch. -- QUDT
JoulePerCubicMetre
`Joule Per Cubic Meter` (J/m³) is a unit in the category of Energy density. It is also known as joules per cubic meter, joule per cubic metre, joules per cubic metre, joule/cubic meter, joule/cubic metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. It has a dimension of ML⁻¹T⁻² where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Joule per Cubic Metre
Specific heat capacity - The heat required to raise unit mass of a substance by unit temperature interval under specified conditions, such as constant pressure: usually measured in joules per kelvin per kilogram. Symbol c_p (for constant pressure) Also called specific heat. -- QUDT
Joule per Kilogram Kelvin
JoulePerMole
The joule per mole (symbol: J· mol⁻¹) is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material. Energy is measured in joules, and the amount of material is measured in moles. Physical quantities measured in J· mol⁻¹) usually describe quantities of energy transferred during phase transformations or chemical reactions. Division by the number of moles facilitates comparison between processes involving different quantities of material and between similar processes involving different types of materials. The meaning of such a quantity is always context-dependent and, particularly for chemical reactions, is dependent on the (possibly arbitrary) definition of a 'mole' for a particular process. -- QUDT
Joule per Mole
JoulePerSecond
SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Joule Per Second
JoulePerSquareMetre
Joule Per Square Meter (J/m²) is a unit in the category of Energy density. It is also known as joules per square meter, joule per square metre, joule/square meter, joule/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT
Joule per Square Metre
JouleSecond
The joule-second is a unit equal to a joule multiplied by a second, used to measure action or angular momentum. The joule-second is the unit used for Planck's constant. -- QUDT
Joule Second
Katal
SI unit for catalytic activity.
A unit of catalytic activity used especially in the chemistry of enzymes. A catalyst is a substance that starts or speeds a chemical reaction. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts within the bodies of living plants and animals. A catalyst has an activity of one katal if it enables a reaction to proceed at the rate of one mole per second. -- QUDT
Kelvin
The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs.
Kibi
Binary SI prefix who's value is 2**10.
Kilogram
The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs.
LitrePerDay
unit litre divided by the unit day -- QUDT
Litre Per Day
LitrePerKelvin
unit litre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Litre Per Kelvin
unit of the volume litre divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Litre Per Kilogram
LitrePerLitre
volume ratio consisting of the unit litre divided by the unit litre -- QUDT
Litre Per Litre
LitrePerMinute
unit litre divided by the unit minute -- QUDT
Litre Per Minute
LitrePerSecond
unit litre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Litre Per Second
Lumen
SI unit for luminous flux.
The SI unit for measuring the flux of light being produced by a light source or received by a surface. The intensity of a light source is measured in candelas. One lumen represents the total flux of light emitted, equal to the intensity in candelas multiplied by the solid angle in steradians into which the light is emitted. A full sphere has a solid angle of 4·π steradians. A light source that uniformly radiates one candela in all directions has a total luminous flux of 1 cd·4π sr = 4π cd·sr ≈ 12.57 lumens. "Lumen" is a Latin word for light. -- QUDT
Lux
SI unit for illuminance.
The SI unit for measuring the illumination (illuminance) of a surface. One lux is defined as an illumination of one lumen per square meter or 0.0001 phot. In considering the various light units, it's useful to think about light originating at a point and shining upon a surface. The intensity of the light source is measured in candelas; the total light flux in transit is measured in lumens (1 lumen = 1 candelau·steradian); and the amount of light received per unit of surface area is measured in lux (1 lux = 1 lumen/square meter). One lux is equal to approximately 0.09290 foot candle. -- QUDT
Mebi
Binary SI prefix who's value is 2**20.
MetrePerMinute
Meter Per Minute (m/min) is a unit in the category of Velocity. It is also known as meter/minute, meters per minute, metre per minute, metres per minute. Meter Per Minute (m/min) has a dimension of LT-1 where L is length, and T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit m/s by multiplying its value by a factor of 0.016666666666 -- QUDT
Metre per Minute
MetrePerSquareSecond
The `meter per Square second` is the unit of acceleration in the International System of Units (SI). As a derived unit it is composed from the SI base units of length, the metre, and the standard unit of time, the second. Its symbol is written in several forms as m/s², or m s⁻². As acceleration, the unit is interpreted physically as change in velocity or speed per time interval, that is, `metre per second per second`. -- QUDT
Metre per Square Second
MolePerKilogram
Mole Per Kilogram (mol/kg) is a unit of Molality -- QUDT
Mole per Kilogram
SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit volume per SI unit of time. -- QUDT
Moles per cubic metre per second
SI unit of the quantity of matter per SI unit of mass per unit of time expressed in hour. -- QUDT
Moles per gram per hour
MolePerHour
SI base unit mole divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT
Mole Per Hour
MolePerMinute
SI base unit mole divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT
Mole Per Minute
SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit area per SI unit of time. -- QUDT
Moles per square metre per second
NewtonPerMetre
Newton Per Meter (N/m) is a unit in the category of Surface tension. It is also known as newtons per meter, newton per metre, newtons per metre, newton/meter, newton/metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Newton Per Meter (N/m) has a dimension of MT-2 where M is mass, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Newton per Metre
NewtonSquareMetre
Newton square metre.
PascalPerHour
A rate of change of pressure measured as the number of Pascals in a period of one hour. -- QUDT
Pascal per Hour
PascalSecond
The SI unit of dynamic viscosity, equal to 10 poises or 1000 centipoises. -- QUDT
Pascal Second
PascalSecondPerBar
product out of the SI derived unit pascal and the SI base unit second divided by the unit bar -- QUDT
Pascal Second Per Bar
PascalSquareRootMeter
A metric unit for stress intensity factor and fracture toughness. -- QUDT
Pascal Square Root Meter
Pebi
Binary SI prefix who's value is 2**50.
Poise
The poise is the unit of dynamic viscosity in the centimetre gram second system of units. It is named after Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille. -- QUDT
PoisePerBar
CGS unit poise divided by the unit bar -- QUDT
Poise Per Bar
PoundForcePerSquareInch
"Pound Force per Square Inch" is an Imperial unit for 'Force Per Area' expressed as psia. -- QUDT
Pound Force per Square Inch
Rad
The rad is a deprecated unit of absorbed radiation dose, defined as 1 rad = 0.01 Gy = 0.01 J/kg. It was originally defined in CGS units in 1953 as the dose causing 100 ergs of energy to be absorbed by one gram of matter. It has been replaced by the gray in most of the world. A related unit, the roentgen, was formerly used to quantify the number of rad deposited into a target when it was exposed to radiation. The F-factor can used to convert between rad and roentgens. The material absorbing the radiation can be human tissue or silicon microchips or any other medium (for example, air, water, lead shielding, etc.). -- QUDT
Steradian
Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle.
Stokes
`Stokes (St)` is a unit in the category of Kinematic viscosity. This unit is commonly used in the cgs unit system. Stokes (St) has a dimension of L²T⁻¹ where L is length, and T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit m²/s by multiplying its value by a factor of 0.0001. -- QUDT
Tebi
Binary SI prefix who's value is 2**40.
Watt per square metre and nanometre.
Watt per square metre and nanometre and steradian unit.
WattHour
The watt hour is a unit of energy, equal to 3,600 joule. -- QUDT
WeberPerMetre
SI derived unit weber divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Weber Per Metre
Yobi
Binary SI prefix who's value is 2**80.
Zebi
Binary SI prefix who's value is 2**70.
Intensity
Power transferred per unit area.
hasSubItem
A item proper part of a collection.
hasScatteredPortion
The relation between individuals representing an item and one of its not self-connected proper parts.
"Becquerel per Kilogram" is used to describe radioactivity, which is often expressed in becquerels per unit of volume or weight, to express how much radioactive material is contained in a sample. -- QUDT
Becquerel per Kilogram
Curie
The curie (symbol Ci) is a non-SI unit of radioactivity, named after Marie and Pierre Curie. It is defined as 1Ci = 3.7 × 10¹⁰ decays per second Its continued use is discouraged. One Curie is roughly the activity of 1 gram of the radium isotope Ra, a substance studied by the Curies. The SI derived unit of radioactivity is the becquerel (Bq), which equates to one decay per second. Therefore: 1Ci = 3.7 × 10¹⁰ Bq= 37 GBq and 1Bq ≡ 2.703 × 10⁻¹¹Ci . -- QUDT
DegreeCelsius
Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences.
Celsius, also known as centigrade, is a scale and unit of measurement for temperature. It can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval, a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty. This definition fixes the magnitude of both the degree Celsius and the kelvin as precisely 1 part in 273.16 (approximately 0.00366) of the difference between absolute zero and the triple point of water. Thus, it sets the magnitude of one degree Celsius and that of one kelvin as exactly the same. Additionally, it establishes the difference between the two scales' null points as being precisely 273.15 °C. -- QUDT
Coupled
Velocity
The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. -- IEC, note 2
The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. -- IEC, note 1
Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. -- ISO 80000-3
Centi
SI prefix who's value is 1/100.
LuminousEfficacyUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'LuminousEfficacy'.
isPortionPartOf
RightHandedParticle
MagneticReluctanceUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticReluctance'.
InteractingSystem
A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least two causal paths that are interacting.
DisjointUnionOf: PhysicalObject, PhysicalPhenomenon
UpQuark
Probability
Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event.
The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events.
Crystal
A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)
hasDeclared
A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process.
Compressibility
Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change.
PhaseHeterogeneousMixture
A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists.
Phase heterogeneous mixture may share the same state of matter. For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter.
DateTimeData
A data that represents instants of time, optionally marked with a particular time zone offset.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:dateTime
hasHeterogenousPart
The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only.
hasProductOutput
PhysicalObjectByBond
Categorisation of physical objects by how they are bonded.
MeasurementResult
Result of a measurement. A set of quantity values being attributed to a measurand (quantity) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. -- VIM
measurement result
A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf).
A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts.
hasIndirectInteractionWith
A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and y isCauseOf x.
SymbolicByStructure
Symbolic caterorised by its internal structure.
directlyCausedBy
Giga
SI prefix who's value is 1e9.
Service
IntangibleProduct
BottomAntiQuark
IonActivity
Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C.
The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient
ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°.
AmountConductivityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountConductivity'.
ElectricCharge
The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
Charge
ManufacturingSystem
A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process.
Voltage
Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field.
The difference in electric potential between two points.
ElectricPotentialDifference
ElectricTension
RealData
A data representing a real number.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some owl:real
DataByStructure
Categorisation of data by its structure.
TaskByFlow
A task in a workflow, categorised by how it is connected to other tasks.
HybridMatter
Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles.
Matrix
2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors.
2DArray
isIncomingOverlappedBy
The relation between an item I1 that proper overlaps an item I2, where the non-overlapping part of I2 causes I1.
BlueCharmQuark
ElectronNeutrino
A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons.
BinaryData
Symbolic data that can be represented as a sequence of zeros and ones.
DataByNature
Categorisation of data by its nature.
EquivalentTo: ClassicalData or QuantumData
CharmQuark
Foam
A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid.
RedBottomAntiQuark
ThermalConductanceUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalConductance'.
RedCharmQuark
StrangeQuark
isNonTemporalPartOf
SIPrefix
Metric prefix defined in the SI system.
disjointUnionOf: SIMultiplePrefix, SISubMultiplePrefix
Baryon
Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3.
Subjective
A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box.
The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis.
The beauty of that girl. The style of your clothing.
Muon
The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons.
ZeptoPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "zepto" (1e-21).
Positron
CompositeFermion
A non-elementary particle (bonded) of a fundamental fermionic type (half-integer spin).
Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron)
GreenTopAntiQuark
AntiMuon
BlueBottomAntiQuark
MuonAntiNeutrino
isAfter
isTemporallyAfter
hasTemporalSlice
A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object.
Pico
SI prefix who's value is 1e-12.
PhysicalParticleBySpin
Categorisation of physical particles by whether they have integer or half-odd-integer spin.
StandaloneAtom
A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing.
An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms.
Sol
A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase.
SIUnitSymbol
A unit symbol that belongs to the SI system. Is either a SI base unit or a SI special unit.
disjointUnionOf: SIBaseUnit, SISpecialUnit
Structural
A perspective that categorises causal structures according to the merelogical relations between the whole and the parts, taking into account their types.
MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassLengthPerCubicTime'.
Molecule
An atom-based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons.
ChemicalSubstance
H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄
DisjointUnionOf: Heteronuclear, Homonuclear
An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. An entity is called redundant if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class.
This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant).
hasFragment
The relation between two individuals representing a collection and a non-maximal proper part, meaning the the latter is connected with the rest of the whole.
Tera
SI prefix who's value is 1e12.
MentalAgent
A biological agent possessing an intentional mental state.
A mental agent is typically attributed to a human but not nessesary.
RedBottomQuark
CodedByStructure
A coded classified by its structure.
MaterialByClassicalMaterialsScience
Equivalent To: AmorphousMaterial or CrystallineMaterial
Equivalent To: MetallicMaterial or CeramicMaterial or CompositeMaterial or PolymericMaterial
Deduction
A semiotic process that assigns a sign by deduction from causal continguity.
IndexSemiosis
The interpreter feels that the plate is hot and assigns the status of the kitchen stove to be on.
UnsignedIntData
A data representing 32-bit non-negative integer number, 0...4294967295.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:unsignedInt
Tau
The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons.
BlueTopQuark
AlgebraicOperator
hasComponent
Relation a holistic system to one of its components.
CodedByObservation
A coded classified by observation.
SystemUnit
A unit that belongs to one or more unit systems.
SpecialUnit
A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit.
Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects.
Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m
Exa
SI prefix who's value is 1e18.
SemiosisByStructure
Semiosis classified as complete or partial representation of the semiotic triangle (interpretant, sign, referent).
MatterByStructure
Categorisation of matter by its structure.
CodedBySubjectivity
A coded classified by whether it is determined subjectively or objectively.
PositionVector
Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space.
Position
In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. -- IEC
Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. -- ISO 80000-3
NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpere'.
Measurement
A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer.
A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity.
An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure.
MeasurementProcedure
measurement
For convinience, the semiotic shortcuts `hasMeasurementValue` and `hasMeasurementQuantity` allows the user to directly relate a measurement to the measured QuantityValue and Quantity, respectively.
The output of a measurement is in EMMO a measurement result, which in turn is attributed to one or more measurement values.
GreenStrangeQuark
AreaTimeTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTimeTemperature'.
ElectricFluxUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricFlux'.
Milli
SI prefix who's value is 1/1000.
hasSubCollection
A relation between individual representing a collection and one of its non self-connected proper parts.
GreenUpAntiQuark
MeasurementUnitByPrefix
Categorisation of measurement units by whether they are prefixed or not.
EquivalentTo: PrefixedUnit or NonPrefixedUnit
Hecto
SI prefix who's value is 100.
Plasma
A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour.
BlueUpAntiQuark
SpatialTile
A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts.
Zepto
SI prefix who's value is 1e-21.
ElectricFluxDensity
Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0.
ElectricDisplacement
AnalogicalIcon
An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object.
A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object.
Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance
MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow.
An icon that focus on HOW the object works.
The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart).
ElectricPotential
Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point.
The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient.
ElectroStaticPotential
RedUpQuark
SystemResource
Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system.
Resource
UpAntiQuark
Fermion
A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics.
coexistsWith
A relation jointly covered by Contact and InteractWith relations, which are mutually exclusive.
Spatial relations between entities are represented in the EMMO as bidirectional causality, meaning that both entities are at the beginning and at the end of causal paths connecting them. This type of relation represent the coexistence of two entities in the a spatial arrangement. The symmetric characteristic of this relation implies that it is not possible to order them and is related to the arbitrary choice of reference frames. Subclasses of spatial relations may be defined as asymmetric and introduce a spatial order, for example est to west, or internal to external layer..
The relation between entities that express a mutual causation.
isSpatiallyRelatedWith
Aerosol
A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas.
ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalElectricChargeDensity'.
SIDerivedUnit
A derived unit that belongs to the SI system.
disjointUnionOf: SICoherentDerivedUnit, SINonCoherentDerivedUnit
BlueCharmAntiQuark
MathematicalSymbol
IRI
An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set (Unicode/ISO 10646)..
IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used.
indirectlyCausedBy
hasIndirectCause
ElectronAntiNeutrino
MeasurementUnitByDimensionality
Categorisation of measurement units by their physical dimensionality.
EquivalentTo: DimensionalUnit or DimensionlessUnit
hasTemporalTile
A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation.
hasTemporalDirectPart
PhaseOfMatter
A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.
Phase
In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used.
NameData
Kilo
SI prefix who's value is 1000.
CharmAntiQuark
RationalData
A symbolic data representing a rational number, that is a number that can be expressed exact by `p/q` where `p` and `q` are integer numbers.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some owl:rational
InverseSquareMassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'InverseSquareMass'.
PerTemperatureTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTemperatureTime'.
Micro
SI prefix who's value is 1e-6.
OrdinaryMatter
Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles.
Distance
Distance is the norm of Displacement.
Shortest path length between two points in a metric space.
TimePerVolumeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'TimePerVolume'.
MaterialsProcessing
A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties.
ContinuumManufacturing
Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam.
A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass.
TemperaturePerLengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerLength'.
Electron
An elementary charged fermionic particle that belongs to the first generation of the lepton particle family.
ElementaryElectron
RedStrangeAntiQuark
RichardsonConstantUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'RichardsonConstant'.
GreenTopQuark
Yocto
SI prefix who's value is 1e-24.
Hadron
Particles composed of two or more quarks.
MassFraction
Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture.
ElectricCurrentDensity
Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through.
AreicElectricCurrent
CurrentDensity
Cognition
A semiotic process that assigns a sign by recognising an object by how it resemble or imitate what the sign stands for, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure.
IconSemiosis
MultiSimulation
A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models.
joins
Femto
SI prefix who's value is 1e-15.
BondedObject
A bonded object is a sequence of fundamental interactions that can be described approximatively by Schrodinger formulation. A bonded object is typically characterised by having quantum states (e.g. electron states in an atom, energy levels of a molecule). Furthermore, a bonded object is made of elementary particles that travels from the beginning to the end of the entity (i.e. a bonded object doesn't change its components).
"... in the 'classical' picture ordinary matter is made of atoms, in which electrons are held in orbit around a nucleus of protons and neutrons by the electrical attraction of opposite charges. We can now give this model a more sophisticated formulation by attributing the binding force to the exchange of photons between the electrons and the protons in the nucleus. However, for the purposes of atomic physics this is overkill, for in this context quantization of the electromagnetic field produces only minute effects (notably the Lamb shift and the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron). To excellent approximation we can pretend that the forces are given by Coulomb's law (together with various magnetic dipole couplings). The point is that in a bound state enormous numbers of photons are continually streaming back and forth, so that the "lumpiness" of the field is effectively smoothed out, and classical electrodynamics is a suitable approximation to the truth. But in most elementary particle processes, such as the photoelectric effect or Compton scattering, individual photons are involved, and quantization can no longer be ignored." D. Griffiths, "Introduction to elementary Particles", Wiley-VCH, 2004, pp.16-17
GreenBottomQuark
HeatCapacity
Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas.
Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition.
The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons.
CoefficientOfThermalExpansion
Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature.
ThermalExpansionCoefficient
NormalizedStringData
MuonNeutrino
A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons.
Mega
SI prefix who's value is 1e6.
DefinedEdgeCutting
Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined
Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden
VolumePerSquareTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerSquareTime'.
MathematicalFormula
A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y.
The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain.
TimeConstant
parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system
FloatingPointData
A symbolic data representing a numerical floating point value.
GreenBottomAntiQuark
Deci
SI prefix who's value is 1/10.
GreenCharmQuark
ExactConstant
Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty.
URL
The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location").
LeftHandedParticle
ResemblanceIcon
An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object.
A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time.
An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape.
The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture).
Constant
A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown.
hasItemPart
A proper part relation with range restricted to items.
Nuclear
The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type of the whole that is part of all the other proper parts of the same type.
VolumetricNumberDensity
Count per volume.
JSONData
PhysicalQuantiyByDefinition
Categorisation of physical quantities by how they are defined.
IUPACNomenclature
Chemical nomenclauture following the IUPAC standard.
DiffusionCoefficient
Proportionality constant in some physical laws.
Simulation
A estimation of a property using a functional icon.
Modelling
I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it.
QualifiedRole
The qualified role concept express the requirement for an entity of a type, say A, to be part of a larger entity of another type, say B, with A and B belonging to different taxonomical branches. The concept of role is then defined as something that needs a wider and specific environment to exist. For example, the car radio type requires all instances to be a part of a car, while the opposite (the car having a radio) is not mandatory for qualified roles. The same applies for airplane winglets that are by definition an optional part of an airplane. Food preservatives are anothe optional part of foods.
The superclass for all classes of individuals that requires their individuals to be part of another specific class of entity of different type with a specific role with respect to it.
QRole
Al QRole subclasses shuld have an axiom to express the role requirements, in the form of: MyQRoleClass SubClassOf: isProperPartOf some AnotherClass This is a necessary but not sufficient condition.
We usually have the same word to identify both the role and the name of a device. for example, under the term hammer we can identify both a product and generic entity used for hammering a nail. The concept of role helps to distinguish between these two concepts. Ideally ther shuld be an HammerRole and an HammerProduct types. The product may or may not be used as HammerRole, but only expresses the fact that it has been designed as an optimal hammering device. The hammering role can be played by any hard-enough object, even if it is not an hammer product.
BlueDownQuark
CollectiveAgent
An intentional agent that takes part in driving a process as part of a group.
A catalyst that together with another catalyst drives a chemical process that needs both catalysts to occur.
hasTaskTile
Area
Extent of a surface.
BlueStrangeAntiQuark
ElectricChargePerLengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerLength'.
RedTopAntiQuark
Measurer
An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property.
BlueDownAntiQuark
ArrayData
An array is a datatype representing an ordered collection of elements (or values) that can be accessed by indexes. Arrays have an analog mathematical counterpart in vectors and matrixes, but are separate concepts. Arrays may be multidimensional.
SubClassOf: hasScalarData some ScalarData
SubClassOf: hasSpatialTile some SymbolicData
In the EMMO we use the following JSON based syntax to represent arrays: - mono-dimensional array [v1,v2,...,vn] (vector) - bi-dimensional array [[v1,v2,...,vn],[w1,w2,...,2n]] (matrix) This notation can be extended to multidimensional arrays.
The structure of an array is expressed mereologically. It consists of a set of equally sized tiles. The tiles of an n-dimensional array are (n-1) dimensional arrays. The tiles of an (n-1)-dimensional array are (n-2) dimensional arrays, and so forth down to 1-dimensional arrays (vectors), whos tiles are scalar data.
RedStrangeQuark
MaterialByCompactness
CoefficientOfFriction
Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one.
FrictionCoefficient
FrictionFactor
RedTopQuark
FormingFromPulp
DownQuark
TopQuark
notOverlaps
The relation between individuals representing non-overlapping entities (i.e. that have no parts in common).
disjointWith
GreenDownAntiQuark
GreenStrangeAntiQuark
FlexuralForming
BlueTopAntiQuark
MeanFreePath
The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization.
in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type.
RedCharmAntiQuark
PerAmountUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerAmount'.
Nano
SI prefix who's value is 1e-9.
TopAntiQuark
isOutgoingOverlappedBy
The relation between an item I1 that proper overlaps an item I2, where the non-overlapping part of I2 is caused by I1.
PhysicalParticleByBond
Categorisation of physical particles by whether they are bonded.
DisjointUnionOf: BondedParticle, ElementaryParticle
hasURIValue
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO URI data entity.
AntiTau
GreenUpQuark
BlueStrangeQuark
RedDownAntiQuark
HolisticArrangement
A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements.
StateOfMatter
A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist.
Disjoint Union Of: Gas, Plasma, Liquid, Solid
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
AngularWavenumber
The wave phase divided by time.
AngularRepetency
AngularWaveNumber
isLeftBy
The relation between an object O that proper overlaps an item I, where the non-overlapping part of I is caused by O.
isReferredBy
MassStoppingPowerUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassStoppingPower'.
Visual
A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer through an optical perception employing the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
A cloud. A picture. A colour gradient on a wall. A stain. A mail.
DataByDiscretness
Categorisation of data by whether it is descrete or not.
EquivalentTo: AnalogData or DiscreteData
TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerSquareTime'.
isSignifiedBy
ElectricDipoleMomentUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricDipoleMoment'.
Yotta
SI prefix who's value is 1e24.
DimensionalUnit
A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit.
The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units).
hasDeclarer
A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process.
GFactor
Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment.
SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMass'.
AreaTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTemperature'.
Constituent
An object which is a spatial part of another object.
ObjectPart
A tire is a constituent of a car.
ParticipantByAgency
Categorisation of participant in terms of being an agent or not an agent.
NonPositiveIntegerData
A data representing an integer number <= 0.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:nonPositiveInteger
RedDownQuark
BottomQuark
DecimalData
A data representing an arbitrary precision decimal number.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:decimal
JunctionTile
A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts.
GasSolidSuspension
A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase.
Dust, sand storm.
Time
One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space.
The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.
Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read".
GreenDownQuark
Cutting
Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless).
Peta
SI prefix who's value is 1e15.
QuantityBySubjectivity
Categorisation of quantities by whether they can be obtained fully objectively or not.
EquivalentTo: ObjectiveProperty or SubjectiveProperty
RedUpAntiQuark
ZettaPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "zetta" (1e21).
BaseUnit
A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units.
base unit
URN
The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name.
NaturalLaw
A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed.
hasConstituent
The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria.
QuantityByPhysicalNature
Categorisation of quantities by their physical nature.
QuantityByPhysical
UnsignedShortData
A data representing 16-bit non-negative integer number, 0...65535.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:unsignedShort
WorkpieceForming
A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process.
MaterialByOrigin
IterativeWorkflow
A workflow whose steps are the repetition of the same task type.
Rate
Quotient of a quantity by a duration.
Activity Specific absorption rate (SAR) Rate of rise Sampling rate Modulation rate Fading rate Rain rate
TauAntiNeutrino
Persistence
The union of the object or process classes.
The persistence perspective classifies entities according to the persistence of temporal parts of specifc type, introducing the distiction between objects (when a type is conserved through all its time parts) or processes (where a type is not conserved through all its time parts). This perspective provides classes aimed to represent concepts similar to the ones of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). However, in the EMMO case, an entity is defined as an object or a process according to a specific type, and not per-se. For this reason an entity in the EMMO can be classified both object or a process depending on the reference type, due to the underlying 4D framework (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely representational. This categorisation has been introduced due to the large use of object/process commonsensical concepts, and the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist.
Deca
SI prefix who's value is 10.
Deka
GasLiquidSuspension
A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase.
Rain, spray.
BlueBottomQuark
ChemicalCompound
A chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.
DisjointUnionOf InorganicCompound, OrganicCompound
ElectricChargePerAmountUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerAmount'.
YottaPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "yotta" (1e24).
DownAntiQuark
ThermalDiffusionRatio
In a steady-state of a binary mixture in which thermal diffusion occurs; proportionality factor between gradient of the amount-of-subsstance fraction of the heavier substance B, and negative gradient of the local thermodynamic temperature divided by that temperature.
Path
A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention.
/etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path)
Multiplex
The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type of the whole that overlaps all the oter proper parts of the same type.
Atto
SI prefix who's value is 1e-18.
FullSemiosis
A semiosis where the triangle of relations is completely developed.
Observer
A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition.
MergingManufacturing
TauNeutrino
A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons.
RoleBySpatiotemporal
The superclass for all classes that categorise roles according to that fact that they are temporal or non-temporal parts of the whole.
EndTile
A direct part that only is the target, but not the source of temporal relations.
MaterialByStructure
DataByNumerical
Categorisation of data by whether it is numerical or not.
EquivalentTo: NumericalData or NonNumericalData
UnsignedLongData
A data representing 64-bit non-negative integer number, 0...18446744073709551615.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:unsignedLong
BlueUpQuark
StrangeAntiQuark
InternationalSystemOfQuantity
Quantities declared under the ISO 80000.
isJunctionPartOf
ProcessByAgency
Categorisation of processes by whether they are driven by an agent or not.
YoctoPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "yocto" (1e-24).
MathematicalOperator
A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space.
The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number.
The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function.
isTemporalPartOf
Component
A constituent of a system.
SubClassOf: inverse (hasConstituent) some HolisticSystem
Nucleus
The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons.
DifferentialOperator
Network
A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected.
Expression
A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules.
FundamentalBoson
A boson that is a single elementary particle.
A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics.
GreenCharmAntiQuark
Zetta
SI prefix who's value is 1e21.
isPieceOf
FaradPerMetre
Farad Per Meter (F/m) is a unit in the category of Electric permittivity. It is also known as farad/meter. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Farad Per Meter has a dimension of M-1L-3T4I2 where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Farad per Metre
GramPerDay
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit day -- QUDT
Gram Per Day
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre and exponent 2 -- QUDT
Gram Per Square Centimetre
A metric unit of volume over time indicating the amount generated across one square meter over a day. -- QUDT
grams per square metre per day
Gravity
"Gravity" is a unit for 'Linear Acceleration' expressed as G. -- QUDT
HenryPerKiloOhm
SI derived unit henry divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
Henry Per Kiloohm
HenryPerOhm
SI derived unit henry divided by the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
Henry Per Ohm
JoulePerKelvin
Joule Per Kelvin (J/K) is a unit in the category of Entropy. It is also known as joules per kelvin, joule/kelvin. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Joule Per Kelvin (J/K) has a dimension of ML²T⁻²Q⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and Q is temperature. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Joule per Kelvin
Joule Per Kilogram} (J/kg) is a unit in the category of Thermal heat capacity. It is also known as `joule/kilogram`, `joules per kilogram`. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. The unit has a dimension of L2T⁻² where L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Joule per Kilogram
LitrePerHour
Unit litre divided by the unit hour -- QUDT
Litre Per Hour
MetrePerKelvin
Metre per Kelvin.
A rate of change of SI standard unit length over a period of an average calendar year (365.25 days). -- QUDT
Metres per year
MolePerSecond
SI base unit mol divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Mole Per Second
SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit area. -- QUDT
Moles per square metre
PascalCubicMetrePerSecond
product out of the SI derived unit pascal and the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Pascal Cubic Metre Per Second
PascalLitrePerSecond
product out of the SI derived unit pascal and the unit litre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Pascal Litre Per Second
PoundForce
"Pound Force" is an Imperial unit for 'Force' expressed as lbf. -- QUDT
Pound Force
Roentgen
Not to be confused with roentgen equivalent man or roentgen equivalent physical. The roentgen (symbol R) is an obsolete unit of measurement for the kerma of X-rays and gamma rays up to 3 MeV. -- QUDT
SI derived unit Siemens divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Siemens Per Centimetre
Tonne
A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg.
Torr
The `torr` is a non-SI unit of pressure with the ratio of 760 to 1 standard atmosphere, chosen to be roughly equal to the fluid pressure exerted by a millimeter of mercury, i.e. , a pressure of 1 torr is approximately equal to one millimeter of mercury. Note that the symbol (Torr) is spelled exactly the same as the unit (torr), but the letter case differs. The unit is written lower-case, while the symbol of the unit (Torr) is capitalized (as upper-case), as is customary in metric units derived from names. Thus, it is correctly written either way, and is only incorrect when specification is first made that the word is being used as a unit, or else a symbol of the unit, and then the incorrect letter case for the specified use is employed. -- QUDT
VoltAmpere
product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
Volt Ampere
VoltAmpereHour
product of the unit for apparent by ampere and the unit hour -- QUDT
Volt Ampere Hour
VoltAmpereReactive
unit with special name for reactive power -- QUDT
Volt Ampere Reactive
VoltAmpereReactiveHour
product of the unit volt ampere reactive and the unit hour -- QUDT
Volt Ampere Reactive Hour
One radioactive disintegration per second from a one part in 10**3 of the SI unit of volume (cubic metre). -- QUDT
Becquerels per litre
BitPerSecond
A bit per second (B/s) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1 bits per second. -- QUDT
Bit per Second
CoulombPerSquareMetre
Coulomb Per Square Meter (C/m²) is a unit in the category of Electric charge surface density. It is also known as coulombs per square meter, coulomb per square metre, coulombs per square metre, coulomb/square meter, coulomb/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Square Meter (C/m2) has a dimension of L⁻²TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Coulomb per Square Metre
AdditiveManufacturing
GenerativeManufacturing
process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,
EquilibriumConstant
The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved.
for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}.
EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis
universe
The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique.
OneManifold
A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 1-dimensional Euclidean space.
1-manifold
One-dimensional manifolds include lines and circles, but not self-crossing curves. Two-dimensional manifolds are also called surfaces. Examples include the plane, the sphere, and the torus, and also the Klein bottle and real projective plane.
Participant
An object which is a spatial part of a process.
A student during an examination.
isInputOf
Reductionistic
A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels.
A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - are proper parts of y - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - do not overlap - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional)
Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective.
Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
SingleComponentComposition
A language construct that represents the fraction or amount of a single constituent of a substance.
TaskByPosition
A task in a workflow, categorised by its position in the workflow.
AmountPerAreaUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerArea'.
Ablation
Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation.
AlgebraicExpression
An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number)
CondensedMatter
The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them.
ArchetypeJoin
Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder).
Array
Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. See Shape4x3Matrix as an example.
Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays.
Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement.
A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, and so forth...
AbsoluteActivity
The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature.
MixedTiling
A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile.
isOutputOf
The superclass for all tiles belonging to tessellations in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts.
WellFormedTile
EquivalentTo: SpatialTile or TemporalTile or JunctionTile
EquivalentTo: ThroughTile or EndTile or BeginTile
NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'NewtonianConstantOfGravity'.
ParticulateMatter
Bounded matter.
ThermalResistivityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalResistivity'.
InterpreterByReferent
Interpreter classified by how the sign stands for its reference object.
ElectricResistivityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricResistivity'.
Description
A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description.
A biography.
A sentence about some object, depticting its properties.
A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together.
Deducer
An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity.
Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression.
Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena.
ApplicationProgram
A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures.
App
Application
Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games.
AmountTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountTemperature'.
mereological
The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations.
The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM).
Displacement
vector quantity between any two points in space
SpatioTemporalTileByConnection
The superclass for tiles categorized accordingly to their topological role within a tessellation.
Task
A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow.
The concept of task is developed in strict connection with the concept of workflow: a task is always part of a workflow and a workflow always possess some tasks. This makes the relation between task and workflow an holistic relation, with task as role and workflow as whole. A task is also holistically connected to an intentional agent, since a task is defined as a procedure. For this reason a task is both a role, with respect to a workflow, and a whole, with respect to an intentional agent.
Job
A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs.
NonNegativeIntegerData
A data representing an integer number >= 0.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:nonNegativeInteger
FundamentalPhysicalSystem
A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system.
A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental).
DisjointUnionOf: Collapse, Interaction, Decay
A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums.
MatterByType
Categorisation of matter by its type.
DisjointUnionOf: AntiMatter, HybridMatter, OrdinaryMatter
ShortData
A data representing 16-bit integer number.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:short
successorOf
isAncestorOf
Estimator
A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties).
SignByReferent
Sign classified by how the sign stands for its reference object.
SemiosisByReferent
Semiosis classified by how the sign stands for its reference object.
hasTemporalItemSlice
A temporal part that is an item.
TemporalTile
A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts.
Nucleon
Either a proton or a neutron.
Pressure
The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
LongData
A data representing 64-bit integer number.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:long
CausalParticle
A causal particle represents the most elementary entity in physics, being it a simple state of an elementary particle, called quantum in the EMMO, or a chain of causally connected quanta.
The class of individuals representing causal particles.
The disjoint union of CausalPath and Quantum classes.
ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerEnergy'.
SpatioTemporalTileByPosition
The superclass for tiles categorized accordingly to their location within a tessellation in terms of causal source, sink or intermediary.
FormingFromChip
StringData
Symbolic data that consist of a sequence of characters.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:string
Since a string is a simple type that can contain only characters but not other child elements, is often not suitable for representing human text, that may need additional elements for control of aspects such as bidirectional formatting or ruby annotation.
incomingOverlaps
AngularMomentum
Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point.
ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerTime'.
Coded
A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers.
A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author.
The name "red" that stands for the color of an object.
A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat.
Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type.
"3 cm"
A more complete example showing how to specify the value of a physical quantity in turtle using this datatype: height1 a emmo:Height ; hasSIQuantityValue "3 cm"^^emmo:SIQuantityDatatype .
SIQuantityDatatype
A datatype for a specifying a physcial quantity as a string consisting of a numerical, a separator and an SI unit.
The unit should be a valid, possible prefixed, derived SI unit.
hasInterpretant
A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process.
Speed
Length per unit time.
Speed in the absolute value of the velocity.
hasDirectPart
Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several granularity levels of parthood.
The non-transitive version of proper parthood property.
hasImmediatePart
ElementaryFermion
An elementary particle of a fundamental fermionic type.
CriticalTemperature
Temperature below which quantum effects dominate.
isJoinedBy
The relation between an object O that proper overlaps an item I, where the non-overlapping part of I causes O.
Fluid
A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure.
Gas, liquid, plasma,
ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalSquareEnergy'.
NumericData
A symbolic data representing a numerical value.
SimulationSoftware
An application program aimed to functionally reproduce an object.
SimulationApplication
An application program that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment.
ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerTemperature'.
AreaPerAmountUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerAmount'.
Tile
A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation.
ElementaryQuark
An elementary fermionic particle that is the fundamental constituent of matter.
Estimated
A coded that is assigned from an estimation.
The biography of a person that the author have not met.
NumericalVariable
A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers.
PerLengthTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLengthTime'.
TaskTile
A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description.
While a task is only an holistic part of a workflow, a task tile provide a more precise context about the placement of a task in the topological structure of a workflow by using a reductionistic categorization. A workflow is now seen as a tiling and the task is on of its tiles.
Step
A task tile is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks.
ProgrammingLanguage
A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language.
Code
SoftwareCode
A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution.
Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper.
PhysicalParticle
A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests).
The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons.
Particle
The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances.
Agency
A process that occurs because of the exercise of the capacity to act of an agent.
AgentDrivenProcess
hasInteractionWith
A symmetric relation occuring when x isDirectCause y and y isDirectCause x.
An interaction between two entities is seen as an exchange of causality relations that goes both ways. There are no requirements about their numbers (except that are minimun two) and their directions (except that there must be a two-way causality, e.g. from x to y and from y to x). However, interactions can be categorised as: - representing a physical interaction (in this case we call it a contact, expression of a spatial relation) - or non representing a physical interaction, being simply an arbitrary sum of causality relations between entities. The first case occurs when the causality relations between the quantums of the entities corresponds to the fundamental interactions as described by Feynman diagrams (Quantum Field Theory).
IntData
A data representing 32-bit integer number.
BaseQuantity
"Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1
base quantity
hasParticipant
Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorise temporal regions by the interpreters.
The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself.
GenericPhysicalSystem
A causal system possessing bonding that can not be represented by a simple Feynman diagram.
A generic physical system is everything which is more complex than a scattering interaction, or a decay/annihilation event, which are represented by a single Feynman diagram.
DisjointUnionOf: InteractingSystem, ParticlesSystem
PhysicsBasedModel
A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity.
CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”
PhysicalConstant
Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019.
DisjointUnionOf: MeasuredConstant, ExactConstant
Manufacturer
A fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process.
ResourceIdentifier
A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource.
outgoingOverlaps
ReciprocalVolume
Physical quantity for measuring per volume.
ElementaryBoson
An elementary particle of a fundamental bosonic type.
ChemicalSpecies
Following nominalistic approach a species is simply a name that can point to an element name, a chemical formula or a chemical compound. So everything addressed by these classes of names can be calleded a chemical species.
Specific form of an element defined as to isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state, and/or complex or molecular structure. Chemical species is the macroscopic equivalent of molecular entity and refers to sets or ensembles of molecular entities.
hasScatteredPart
A proper part relation with range restricted to collections.
ThermalResistanceUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalResistance'.
LengthTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTemperature'.
ChemicalSymbol
A symbol that stands for a chemical element.
"H" "He" "Li" ...
A substance is always composed of more than one molecular entity. It lays in the continuum or mesoscopic domain.
Matter of constant composition best characterized by the entities (molecules, formula units, atoms) it is composed of.
SIAccepted
Non-SI unit that has been accepted by SI to be used together with the SI system.
disjointUnionOf: SIAcceptedUnit, SIAcceptedPrefixedUnit, SIAcceptedDerivedUnit
PhysicsBasedSimulation
A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018.
leaves
EMMORelation
The superclass for all relations used by the EMMO.
TemporalTiling
A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal.
FormingFromPowder
BeginTile
A direct part that only is the source, but not the target of temporal relations.
ElectronVolt
An electron volt (eV) is the energy that an electron gains when it travels through a potential of one volt. You can imagine that the electron starts at the negative plate of a parallel plate capacitor and accelerates to the positive plate, which is at one volt higher potential. Numerically 1 eV approximates 1.6x10⁻¹⁹ joules, where 1 joule is 6.2x10¹⁸ eV. For example, it would take 6.2x10²⁰ eV/sec to light a 100 watt light bulb. -- QUDT
The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt.
GramPerCubicMetre
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Gram Per Cubic Metre
GramPerGram
mass ratio consisting of the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram. -- QUDT
Gram Per Gram
GramPerLitre
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit litre -- QUDT
Gram Per Litre
Gray
SI unit for absorbed dose.
The SI unit of radiation dose. Radiation carries energy, and when it is absorbed by matter the matter receives this energy. The dose is the amount of energy deposited per unit of mass. One gray is defined to be the dose of one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of matter, or 100 rad. The unit is named for the British physician L. Harold Gray (1905-1965), an authority on the use of radiation in the treatment of cancer. -- QUDT
HertzMetre
product of the SI derived unit hertz and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Hertz Metre
MetrePerHour
Metre per hour is a metric unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (Vector (geometry)). Its symbol is m/h or mu00b7h-1 (not to be confused with the imperial unit symbol mph. By definition, an object travelling at a speed of 1 m/h for an hour would move 1 metre. -- QUDT
Metre per Hour
MetrePerSecond
Metre per second is an SI derived unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector quantity which specifies both magnitude and a specific direction), defined by distance in metres divided by time in seconds. The official SI symbolic abbreviation is mu00b7s-1, or equivalently either m/s. -- QUDT
MolePerCubicMetre
The SI derived unit for amount-of-substance concentration is the mole/cubic meter. -- QUDT
Mole per Cubic Metre
PascalPerBar
SI derived unit pascal divided by the unit bar -- QUDT
Pascal Per Bar
PascalPerKelvin
Pascal per Kelvin.
Radian
Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle.
Measure of plane angle.
Sievert
SI unit for equivalent doseof ionizing radiation. Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological effectiveness of the radiation, which is dependent on the radiation type and energy.
Although the sievert has the same dimensions as the gray (i.e. joules per kilogram), it measures a different quantity. To avoid any risk of confusion between the absorbed dose and the equivalent dose, the corresponding special units, namely the gray instead of the joule per kilogram for absorbed dose and the sievert instead of the joule per kilogram for the dose equivalent, should be used. -- QUDT
WattPerSquareMetre
"Watt per Square Meter} is a unit of irradiance defined as the power received per area. This is a unit in the category of Energy flux. It is also known as watts per square meter, watt per square metre, watts per square metre, watt/square meter, watt/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Watt Per Square Meter (W/m²) has a dimension of MT^{-3" where M is mass, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Watt per Square Metre
Weber
SI unit for magnetic flux.
The SI unit of magnetic flux. "Flux" is the rate (per unit of time) at which something crosses a surface perpendicular to the flow. The weber is a large unit, equal to 10⁸ maxwells, and practical fluxes are usually fractions of one weber. The weber is the magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, would produce in it an electromotive force of 1 volt if it were reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 second. In SI base units, the dimensions of the weber are (kg·m²)/(s²·A). The weber is commonly expressed in terms of other derived units as the Tesla-square meter (T·m²), volt-seconds (V·s), or joules per ampere (J/A).
The relation between individuals representing a collection and one or more of its members.
A proper part which is not connected with the rest of the whole.
hasMaximalPart
A maximal part is a proper part that is not connected with the rest of the whole.
hasPiece
The relation between two individuals representing an entity and a non-maximal proper part, meaning the the latter is connected with the rest of the whole.
hasNotMaximalPart
A non-maximal part is a proper part that is connected with the rest of the whole.
CoulombPerCubicMetre
Coulomb Per Cubic Meter (C/m³) is a unit in the category of Electric charge density. It is also known as coulomb per cubic metre, coulombs per cubic meter, coulombs per cubic metre, coulomb/cubic meter, coulomb/cubic metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Cubic Meter has a dimension of L⁻³TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Coulomb per Cubic Metre
Holistic
A perspective characterized by the belief that: - a whole is more than merely the sum of its parts (wholism) - the parts of a whole are interconnected in a way that can be explained only by reference to the whole (rolism).
An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole, on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), and their types, without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature.
The union of classes whole and part.
Wholistic
A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred.
A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated.
The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement.
Whole and roles are defined using parthood relations. However, there also must be a primitive component in the definition, besides parthood, capturing more subtle relations between entities that makes their relation holistic. For example, a scattering event between an electron and a nucleus requires electron and nucleus types as parts to exist, but this is not enough to make this event an atom, since it requires a persistent bond. So defining something as an atom iff have parts some electons and a nucleus is not enough.
Symbolic
A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules.
fe780 emmo !5*a cat for(i=0;i<N;++i)
EquivalentTo: SymbolicConstruct or Symbol
A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet.
A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols).
Vector
1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers.
1DArray
hasObjectiveProperty
Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure.
Index
A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity.
Signal
Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). My facial expression stands for my emotional status.
isInterpretationAccordingTo
PartialSemiosis
A semiosis where the triangle of relation is not completely developed.
Cogniser
An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial)
The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon.
Estimation
A determination of an object without any actual interaction.
Contrast
A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties.
Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378
Dedomena
Pattern
A contrast is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. A contrast can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of contrast. Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning.
The covering axiom that defines the contrast class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded contrast (data) or non encoded contrast.
Solution
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light,
MolecularEntity
Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction.
Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule.
Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context.
This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺).
hasWellFormedPart
The part is connected to the rest item or members only with hasNext or hasContact relations or their inverse.
throughOverlaps
The relation between an item I1 that proper overlaps an Item I2 where I1 has two non-overlapping parts, one that causes I2 and one that is a cause of I2.
isParticipatedBy
hasInput
The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an item I, where the non-overlapping part of I causes P.
PhysicalObject
It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts as object according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal interacting systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are part of elementaries whose paths start and end within the entitiy. We call this causal convexity. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of a convex system, while a real photon that is the carrier of clasical electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. A physical phenomenon is defined as a causally non-convex interacting system, complement of causally convex interacting system.
The class of individuals standing for causally convex interacting systems.
DisjointUnionOf: CompositePhysicalObject, BondedObject
CompressiveForming
Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress.
lasciano tensioni residue di compressione
Observation
A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction.
TemperatureTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureTime'.
PetaPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "peta" (1e15).
MetricPrefix
Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix.
Declaration
A semiotic process that assigns a sign based on conventions.
ConventionalSemiosis
MaterialByType
DigitalData
Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off.
Fusion
A mereological fusion is any entity that is made up of two or more quantum entities, regardless of the fact that they are or not self-connected. It captures the idea of set, but excluding singletons.
The class of individuals representing mereological fusions consisting of two or more quantum entities.
The union of the CausalCluster and CausalStructure classes.
An atom, a group of persons, a fluid.
EquivalentTo: CausalCluster or CausalStructure
isConventionFor
ReciprocalMassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalMass'.
ExaPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "exa" (1e18).
ChemicalNomenclature
A chemical numenclature should not be confused with the chemical formula.
A language object following a specific nomenclature rules for defining univocal names of chemical compounds.
TensileForming
Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress.
SICoherentUnit
A unit that can be expressed as a product of powers of SI base units with no pre-factor or offset.
disjointUnionOf: SICoherentDerivedUnit, SIBaseUnit, SISpecialUnit
Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units.
ArithmeticOperator
hasTask
The holistic relation connecting a workflow with one of its tasks.
ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerMass'.
CausalCluster
The class of individuals representing causal clusters.
The disjoint union of the CausalSystem and Collection classes.
With the causal cluster term we address an heterogeneous group of entities, which possess the common feature of having at least two causally non connected quanta. It comprises collections (non self-connected entities) and causal systems (entities extended in space).
EquivalentTo: Collection or CausalSystem
FormingJoin
CategorizedPhysicalQuantity
The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application.
IntentionalAgentByKind
Categorisation of intentional agents by their kind.
A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type.
An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only.
SingleParticleChain
An electron. A quark. A photon.
DisjointUnionOf: ElementaryFermion, ElementaryBoson
MassTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassTemperature'.
ProcessByContext
The superclass for all classes that categorise projects according to their mereological and persistence context
Frequency
Number of periods per time interval.
IntentionalAgencyByKind
Categorisation of intentional agencies by their kind.
Semiotics
A perspective based on Pierce semiotics, where an interpreter relates a referent to a sign in through semiotic relations.
EquivalentTo: Semiosis or SemioticEntity
Theory
A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'.
The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument
hasReferent
The relation between a semiotic process and the referent i.e., the object of the semiotic process.
MaterialsModel
A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations.
CoatingManufacturing
A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece.
Beschichten
ChemicalFormula
A chemical formula may also include other symbols such as parentheses, plus and minus signs, brackets
A symbolic construct that provides informations about the chemical proportions of the elements that constitute a chemical compound or a specific molecule.
MagneticFluxDensity
Often denoted B.
Strength of the magnetic field.
MagneticInduction
MassPerAmountUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerAmount'.
overcrosses
The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part.
ObjectByContext
The superclass for all classes that categorise objects according to their mereological and persistence context
the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
TimePerLengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'TimePerLength'.
ComputerScience
A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science.
A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption.
Geometrical
A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept.
A geometrical object can be expressed in many different forms. For example, a line can be expressed by: a) an equation like y=mx+q, which is both an 'equation' and a 'geometrical' b) a line drawn with a pencil on a paper, which is simply a 'graphical' object c) a set of axioms, when the properties of a line are inferred by the interpreter reading them, that are both 'graphical' and also 'formula' The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, while c) is geometrical and a composition of idiomatic strings.
Boson
A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics.
SemioticEntity
The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process.
EquivalentTo: Interpreter or SemioticObject or Sign
Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. "Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). The triadic elements: - 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) - 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) - 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object'
Pressing
A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection.
DiscreteData
Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema.
A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands.
A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean that the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules.
TokenData
PowerAreaUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerArea'.
Machining
A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips.
FunctionalIcon
An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure.
A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics).
A guinea pig.
An icon that focusing WHAT the object does.
This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else.
Graphical
A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration results from an explicit graphical procedure and shows an identifiable pattern.
'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ...
This concept includes only things that are purposely created by an agent.
ThermalCutting
Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN
alongsideWith
The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions).
concurrentWith
interactsWith
I'm interacting with another tennis player through a ball. Or, two people in a webconference are interacting using a mediator which is the network signal.
MetricPrefixedUnit
A special unit with a metric prefix.
The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system.
disjointUnionOf: MetricMultipleUnit, MetricSubMultipleUnit
hasInternalRepresentation
The relation between the interpreter and the interpretant, being its internal representation.
The superclass for all tessellations in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts.
WellFormedTessellation
EquivalentTo: MixedTiling or SpatialTiling or TemporalTiling
A relation between entities that are only one-directionally causally connected.
A relation jointly covered by hasNext and hasSuccessor relations, which are mutually exclusive.
isTemporallyBefore
Tessellation
A causal structure that is tessellated in direct parts.
A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps.
Tiling
Computation
A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language).
A mathematician that calculates 2+2. A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset.
AngularFrequency
Rate of change of the phase angle.
SquareTimePerMassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTimePerMass'.
AmountFractionUnit
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance.
Unit for amount fraction.
ScriptingLanguage
A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation.
ElectricConductance
Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'.
Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material.
Conductance
0,001 fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Gram Per Kilogram
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
Gram Per Millilitre
quantity of matter per unit area per unit of time. -- QUDT
Moles per square metre per day
Tesla
SI unit for magnetic flux density or induction.
The SI unit of flux density (or field intensity) for magnetic fields (also called the magnetic induction). The intensity of a magnetic field can be measured by placing a current-carrying conductor in the field. The magnetic field exerts a force on the conductor, a force which depends on the amount of the current and on the length of the conductor. One tesla is defined as the field intensity generating one newton of force per ampere of current per meter of conductor. Equivalently, one tesla represents a magnetic flux density of one weber per square meter of area. A field of one tesla is quite strong: the strongest fields available in laboratories are about 20 teslas, and the Earth's magnetic flux density, at its surface, is about 50 microteslas. The tesla, defined in 1958, honors the Serbian-American electrical engineer Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), whose work in electromagnetic induction led to the first practical generators and motors using alternating current. -- QUDT
Volt
SI unit for electric potential difference.
The volt is the unit of electric potential difference—electric potential difference is also known as voltage. The size of 1 volt is officially defined as the potential difference between two points of a wire carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated in the wire is 1 watt.
VoltPerMetre
Volt Per Meter (V/m) is a unit in the category of Electric field strength. It is also known as volts per meter, volt/meter, volt/metre, volt per metre, volts per metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Volt Per Meter (V/m) has a dimension of MLT⁻³I⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Volt per Metre
PerTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTemperature'.
Duration
Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events.
hasDistinctPart
The superproperty of all object property relations between an entity and one of its proper parts that belongs to different taxonomical branch.
A molecule is a distinct part of a fluid.
A part is always distinct xor redundant.
CompiledLanguage
LuminousIntensityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'LuminousIntensity'.
Determiner
An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception.
Variable
A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set.
x k
Whole
The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole.
A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings.
A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal).
Force
Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object
Agent
A participant that is the driver of a process.
The agent concept identifies the parts of a process that are also its drivers. An agent part has an active role with respect to any other generic part, meaning that is involved in the causal chain that characterize the process. An agent is a participant, meaning that is qualifiable as an object. As for all holistic relations, there is a level of subjectivity in drawing whole-role relations, so that the identification of an agent within a process is not fully axiomatizable. What is axiomatically expressible is that an agent requires to be part of a process (i.e., an agent exists only within a process) but a process may not require an agent to exist (qualified role). Agentless processes may have a distributed causality chain so that the agency is exerted collectively and there is no motivation to draw an holistic connection between the whole and some parts. For example, the breaking of a nail can be caused by an agent such as an hammer, or by the rusting process which is not a participant as required by the agent definition. This concept covers both intentional and non intentional agency.
A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence.
EquivalentTo: IntentionalAgent or UnintentionalAgent
An agent is not necessarily human. In fact, the concept of agent has been generalised to encompass both intentional and unintentional acts primarily to take into account usage of the term in chemistry (e.g., chemical agent that intiitate a reaction), inline also with the most recent development in the philosophical debate.
Objective
A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel.
The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not.
Declarer
An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention.
A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle).
Someone who assigns a name to an object.
Radius
Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference.
Conventional
A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it.
In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional.
ConstructionLanguage
A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer.
EntropyPerAmountUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'EntropyPerAmount'.
LengthMassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthMass'.
AttoPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "atto" (1e-18).
HardeningByForming
WorkPiece
A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed.
A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes.
In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ).
In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass.
It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid
Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product
The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations.
a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation
it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape.
it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape
powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them
Numerical
A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations).
PerTimeMassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTimeMass'.
directlyCauses
A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries.
Direct causality is a concept that captures the idea of direct interaction between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. It does not exclude the possibility of other indirect causal routes between some proper parts of the two entities. The direct causality in a 4D ontology covers both time-like causal interaction (when causality is one-way from one entity to another) and space-like causal interaction (when causality is two-way between two entities).
isDirectCauseOf
Direct cause is irreflexive.
Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities.
AmountPerMassTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMassTime'.
URI
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource.
URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment]
isCausedBy
causes
hasMetrologicalReference
Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process.
In EMMO version 1.0.0, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension was changed to Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension.
AreaFractionUnit
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas.
Unit for solid angle.
hasTile
The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective.
Tiling parthood enables the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tessellation levels according to specific criteria. The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the tiling parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). The tiles and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. The tiles of specific granularity level provide a covering for the whole and are mutually non-overlapping, as the label "tile" suggests.
This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism.
This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning).
ChemicalComposition
A language construct that provides information about the consitutents of a substance and their fractions or amounts.
standsFor
The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process.
Output
This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process.
QuarticLengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticLength'.
VolumePerMassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerMass'.
BondedParticle
A composite particle is a bonded particle for which it is possible to clearly define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. The term particle is then reserved for entities whose fermionic or bosonic nature is clearly defined.
DisjointUnionOf: CompositeBoson, CompositeFermion
TwoManifold
A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 2-dimensional Euclidean space.
2-manifold
isPartOf
Reflexivity: Pxx Transitivity: (Pxy ∧ Pyz) → Pxz Antisymmetry: (Pxy ∧ Pyx) → x=y.
The inverse relation of hasPart.
causal
Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and conceptually precedes time and space relations. In the EMMO causality is the foundation for space and time relations. Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level, meaning that causal relations between macroscopic entities is simply the sum of quantum level causality relations.
The superclass of all causal EMMO relations.
Causality in the EMMO is intended as physical causation and not counter-factual. Meaning that causality is an expression of actual physical interactions, and not of a counterfactual depence such as “I didn't water the flowers, hence, I'm the cause of their death”.
Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
Casting
ThermodynamicTemperature
Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point.
Temperature
Meson
Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions.
EquivalentTo: PseudoscalarMeson or VectorMeson or ScalarMeson or PseudovectorMeson or TensorMeson
Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark.
IntentionalAgent
An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process.
Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation.
ElectricCurrent
A flow of electric charge.
ForceAreaUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ForceArea'.
interprets
FormingFromLiquid
isThroughOverlappedBy
Language
A language object is a discrete data entity respecting specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula).
MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerSquareLengthSquareTime'.
semioticOvercrossedBy
isOvercrossedBy
The inverse relation for overcrosses.
Equation
An equation with variables can always be represented as: f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables.
The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions.
2+3 = 5 x^2 +3x = 5x dv/dt = a sin(x) = y
ElectricResistance
Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'.
Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material.
Resistance
Mixture
A continuum substance made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined.
MolarEnergy
Energy per amount of substance.
IntegerData
A data representing an arbritrary sized integer number.
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:integer
PermeabilityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Permeability'.
Henry
SI unit for electrical inductance.
H = Wb/A = V·s/A = Ω·s
The SI unit of electric inductance. A changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a loop of wire (or in a coil of many loops) located in the field. Although the induced voltage depends only on the rate at which the magnetic flux changes, measured in webers per second, the amount of the current depends also on the physical properties of the coil. A coil with an inductance of one henry requires a flux of one weber for each ampere of induced current. If, on the other hand, it is the current which changes, then the induced field will generate a potential difference within the coil: if the inductance is one henry a current change of one ampere per second generates a potential difference of one volt. The henry is a large unit; inductances in practical circuits are measured in millihenrys (mH) or microhenrys (μH). The unit is named for the American physicist Joseph Henry (1797-1878), one of several scientists who discovered independently how magnetic fields can be used to generate alternating currents. -- QUDT
Hertz
SI unit for frequence.
The hertz (symbol Hz) is the SI unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon. One of its most common uses is the description of the sine wave, particularly those used in radio and audio applications, such as the frequency of musical tones. The word "hertz" is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, who was the first to conclusively prove the existence of electromagnetic waves. -- QUDT
MolePerLitre
SI base unit mol divided by the unit litre -- QUDT
Mole Per Litre
NewtonMetre
"Torque" is the tendency of a force to cause a rotation, is the product of the force and the distance from the center of rotation to the point where the force is applied. Torque has the same units as work or energy, but it is a different physical concept. To stress the difference, scientists measure torque in newton meters rather than in joules, the SI unit of work. One newton meter is approximately 0.737562 pound foot. -- QUDT
Note that the physical dimension is the same as for Joule.
Second
The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1.
Bar
Becquerel
Radioactive decays per second.
SI unit for radioactive activity.
The SI derived unit of activity, usually meaning radioactivity. "Radioactivity" is caused when atoms disintegrate, ejecting energetic particles. One becquerel is the radiation caused by one disintegration per second; this is equivalent to about 27.0270 picocuries (pCi). The unit is named for a French physicist, Antoine-Henri Becquerel (1852-1908), the discoverer of radioactivity. Note: both the becquerel and the hertz are basically defined as one event per second, yet they measure different things. The hertz is used to measure the rates of events that happen periodically in a fixed and definite cycle. The becquerel is used to measure the rates of events that happen sporadically and unpredictably, not in a definite cycle. -- QUDT
PhysicalQuantity
A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model.
In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. ISO 80000-1
Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions.
Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m).
— quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, — quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and — quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. ISO 80000-1
DisjointUnionOf: DerivedQuantity, BaseQuantity
ComputerLanguage
A formal language used to communicate with a computer.
The categorisation of computer languages is based on Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering
MagneticDipoleMomentUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticDipoleMoment'.
UnitSymbol
A symbol that stands for a single unit.
Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J".
conceptualisation
The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors.
A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation.
An conceptualisation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM).
MassAreaUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassArea'.
foreruns
A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x).
hasSuccessor
isAntecedentOf
predecessorOf
My life between 18-24 years has successor my life between 32-40 years, since there is an intermediary (i.e. my life between 25-32 years).
Transitivity is implemented at A-Box level with a SWRL rule.
Material
The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance.
A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent any state of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found.
A material may be either a mesoscopic or a continuum substance.
Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use.
Procedure
An intentional process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules.
The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary).
Elaboration
The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. The execution of an algorithm.
A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan.
isProperPartOf
Fundamental
Fundamental(x) ≡ ∃φ[φ(x) ∧ ¬∃yRP⟨φ⟩(y, x)]
The superclass for all classes of entities that have no proper parts of the same type of the whole.
Lifetime
A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running.
metrologicalReference
Perceptual
The class contrast individuals standing for entities that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a retina impression) to a human being and that are categorized accordingly to human perception mechanisms.
A line scratched on a surface. A sound. A smell. The word 'cat' and the sound of the word 'cat' (the first one is graphical and the second acoustical).
The meta-semiotic process: I see a cloud in the sky. Since I'm an EMMO ontologist, I create an individual named Cloud under the 'Perceptual' class, meaning that I recognize the cloud as an object thanks to a specific perceptual channel (e.g. through my eyes). This semiotic process occurs at meta-level: it's how I use the EMMO as tool for a direct representation of the world, understandable by others ontologists. The semiotic process within EMMO: My friend looks at the same cloud and says: "It is an elephant". I use the EMMO to record this experience by declaring: - my friend as MyFriend individual, belonging to 'Interpreter' classes - the sound of the word "elephant" as an acoustical perception individual named ElephantWord, belonging to 'Perceptual' - a relation hasSign between Cloud and ElephantWord, that makes ElephantWord also belonging to 'Sign' class and Cloud belonging also to 'Object' class - a 'Semiosis' individual called MyFriendElephantCloud that hasParticipant: Cloud, ElephantWord and MyFriend, respectively as object, sign and interpreter. So, the Perceptual class is here to categorized real-world objects at meta-level using common perceptual channels, for practical ontology usage. We could have represented the word "elephant" within a physicalistic approach, by identifying it as a pressure wave in the air.
This class is the most general superclass for the categorization of contrasts that are perceivable through a specific human-related perception mechanism. This perspective is based on human characterization of perceptions. A 'Perceptual' can stand for another object in an EMMO described semiotic process (acting as sign or as object), just like a word on a paper (the perceptual object) may refer semiotically to another object. However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketched on a blackboard is a recognizable 'Perceptual' but it may stand for nothing). A 'Perceptual' becomes a semiotic object, when it is part of a 'Semiotic' process described by the ontologist within the EMMO, and it's done always specifying for which interpreter this relation occurs.
HolisticSystem
An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole.
A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time.
Colloid
A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably.
Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light.
AngularFrequencyUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AngularFrequency'.
A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact.
hasWellFormedTile
This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape.
VolumePerTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerTemperature'.
WorkpieceManufacturing
A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material.
ISO 15531-1:2004 discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items.
ISO 8887-1:2017 manufacturing: production of components
Werkstücke
DiscreteManufacturing
ContinuumSubstance
A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts - the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1
A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant.
A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe.
A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity.
hasRole
The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else.
hasHolisticPart
An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule.
SeparateManufacturing
A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall.
Trennen
CuttingManufacturing
ChemicalCompositionQuantity
Quantities that are expressing chemical compositions.
VolumePerAmountUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerAmount'.
Chemical
A language object that follows the syntactic rules used in the chemical field.
properOverlaps
The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of them is a part of the other.
Property
A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction.
Hardness is a subclass of properties. Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test.
The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors.
A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg).
Substance
A matter entity characterised by the fact that it possesses some homogeneous properties or identification criteria.
A litre of water.
A pen can be classified as a substance (although it has parts with different properties) since it can be identified as being solid.
Disjoint Union Of: MesoscopicSubstance, ContinuumSubstance
SpecificEnergy
Energy per unit mass
SIUnit
The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes.
The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures
The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ.
disjointUnionOf: SICoherentDerivedUnit, SIMetricPrefixedUnit, SIBaseUnit, SINonCoherentDerivedUnit, SISpecialUnit
Farad
Measurement unit for electric capacitance.
The SI unit of electric capacitance. Very early in the study of electricity scientists discovered that a pair of conductors separated by an insulator can store a much larger charge than an isolated conductor can store. The better the insulator, the larger the charge that the conductors can hold. This property of a circuit is called capacitance, and it is measured in farads. One farad is defined as the ability to store one coulomb of charge per volt of potential difference between the two conductors. This is a natural definition, but the unit it defines is very large. In practical circuits, capacitance is often measured in microfarads, nanofarads, or sometimes even in picofarads (10⁻¹² farad, or trillionths of a farad). The unit is named for the British physicist Michael Faraday (1791-1867), who was known for his work in electricity and electrochemistry. -- QUDT
Newton
SI unit for force.
The "Newton" is the SI unit of force. A force of one newton will accelerate a mass of one kilogram at the rate of one meter per second per second. The newton is named for Isaac Newton (1642-1727), the British mathematician, physicist, and natural philosopher. He was the first person to understand clearly the relationship between force (F), mass (m), and acceleration (a) expressed by the formula F = m·a. -- QUDT
Ohm
The SI derived unit of electrical resistance, named after German physicist Georg Simon Ohm.
Ω = V/A = H/s
Siemens
SI unit for electrical conductance.
Siemens is the SI unit of electric conductance, susceptance, and admittance. The most important property of a conductor is the amount of current it will carry when a voltage is applied. Current flow is opposed by resistance in all circuits, and by also by reactance and impedance in alternating current circuits. Conductance, susceptance, and admittance are the inverses of resistance, reactance, and impedance, respectively. To measure these properties, the siemens is the reciprocal of the ohm. In other words, the conductance, susceptance, or admittance, in siemens, is simply 1 divided by the resistance, reactance or impedance, respectively, in ohms. The unit is named for the German electrical engineer Werner von Siemens (1816-1892). -- QUDT
SiemensPerMetre
SI derived unit siemens divided by the SI base unit metre. -- QUDT
Siemens Per Metre
Ampere
The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs.
Gas
Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume.
EnergyPerAmountUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyPerAmount'.
Power
Rate of transfer of energy per unit time.
Determination
A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure.
Characterisation
Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner.
MetrologicalReference
A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2).
EquivalentTo: StandardUnit or MeasurementUnit or ProcedureUnit
A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). For this reason we can't declare the axiom: MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties).
ISQBaseQuantity
Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ).
DisjointUnionOf: LuminousIntensity, AmountOfSubstance, ThermodynamicTemperature, ElectricCurrent, Length, Time, Mass
DecaPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "deca" (10).
DekaPrefixedUnit
Number describing a particular state of a quantum system.
ReshapeManufacturing
A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed.
Umformen
Forming
The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part.
MeasuredConstant
For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty.
Quantum
A quantum is the most fundamental item of the EMMO (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. In the EMMO, space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. For a quanta to change its state, it requires an interaction. A quantum may be thought as standing for an incoming or outcoming real particle in a Feynman diagram in a scattering event.
Q(x) ≡ ¬∃y(PP(y,x))
The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities having no proper parts
RealParticle
From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity.
A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology.
mathematicalSymbolValue
AreaPerMassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerMass'.
isInterpretedBy
A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process.
Perspective
The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective.
This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass.
Device
An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment.
Equipment
Machine
Matter
The class of physical objects that have some fermionic quantum parts.
The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons) requiring their presence, without excluding particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter.
PhysicalSubstance
DisjointUnionOf: HybridMatter, OrdinaryMatter, AntiMatter
A matter entity requires the presence of fermions without excluding the presence of real or virtual fundamental bosons parts that are responsible for the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions.
Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction.
Workflow
A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts.
LengthPerTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerTemperature'.
AbsorbedDoseRateUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AbsorbedDoseRate'.
Software
All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system.
Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users.
PerThermalTransmittanceUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerThermalTransmittance'.
SymbolicConstruct
A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration.
This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predefined arrangement schema.
MagneticPotentialUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticPotential'.
MassPerVolumeTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerVolumeTime'.
AreaTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTime'.
Metrological
A language entity used in the metrology discipline.
Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)
Redundant
Redundant(x) ≡ ∃φ[φ(x) ∧ ∃yRP⟨φ⟩(y, x)]
The superclass for all classes of entities that have parts of the same type of the whole.
NonMaximal
A sufficently large volume of liquid water has parts of the same type.
An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental.
ObjectiveProperty
A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure.
Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling).
PhysicalProperty
QuantitativeProperty
MomentumUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Momentum'.
Mass
Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied.
semioticOvercrosses
The superproperties for overcrossing relations between semiotic entities.
Angle
Ratio of circular arc length to radius.
PlaneAngle
Mole
The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles.
Interpretant
The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process.
A film is the interpretant for a camera, which is the interpreter. The object captured by the camera is the referent. The film is the internal representation of the object, i.e. how the camera understand the object according to its capacity. The film (interpretant) refers to the object (referent) according to the camera (interpreter). When the film is removed from the camera, developed and printed on photographic paper (or for digital camera the image is downloaded as jpeg and displayed on a laptop) then we create a sign other than the interpretant. However, in case of analogic film we can always look at the negatve that will suggest the intended referent. This is because both sign and interpretant are related to the referent in a similar way. (What we call sign and interpretant in EMMO are both intended as "signs" in Peirce semiotics, the first being external signal for the interpreter and the second the internal sign)
Quantity
A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance.
Measurand
length Rockwell C hardness electric resistance
DisjointUnionOf: SubjectiveProperty, ObjectiveProperty
EquivalentTo: PhysicalQuantity or OrdinalQuantity
measurand
quantity
VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue.
CausalPath
A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time.
The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure.
CausalChain
Elementary
An electron moving in time interacting with other particles.
DisjointUnionOf: MultiParticlePath, ElementaryParticle
A causal path is a concept almost equivalent to the concept of elementary particle in physics.
PerAreaUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerArea'.
TechnologyProcess
Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose.
Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products
Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way.
Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes.
application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process
application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective
ProductionEngineeringProcess
SIBaseUnit
The base units in the SI system.
disjointUnionOf: Ampere, Candela, Kelvin, Kilogram, Metre, Mole, Second
TeraPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "tera" (1e12).
ThermalTransmittanceUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalTransmittance'.
Role
A role entity is categorized according to its relation with the whole, i.e. how it contribute to make a specific whole, and not as standalone entity. This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). For example. a human being is a stand alone type, but an instance of a human being can also be an instance of the type student (intended as a role) if it plays a part into a school environment (i.e., a student entity can exist only if it is part of a surrounding whole: the school). The role type requires that also the whole type depends on the existence of parts of a specific type (e.g., there is no school without students).
An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part.
HolisticPart
Part
hasPortionPart
A proper part relation with domain restricted to items.
A part of an item is always non-maximal, meaning that is causally connected with the rest.
PermittivityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Permittivity'.
isRepresentedBy
A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process.
BinaryPrefix
disjointUnionOf: Exbi, Gibi, Kibi, Mebi, Pebi, Tebi, Yobi, Zebi
Binary prefix standardised by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
FormingFromPlastic
hasRedundantPart
The superproperty of the all object property relations between a whole and its mereological parts of the same type.
A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules.
definition
Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system.
A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities.
hasTemporalPart
A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval.
A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases.
In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive.
PressureFractionUnit
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures.
TemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Temperature'.
IntentionalAgency
A process occurring with the active participation of an intentional agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention).
IntentionalProcess
Project
SubClassOf: hasAgent some IntentionalAgent
The concept is not restricted to agencies where the agent accomplish its intention. For example, breaking a vase while reaching for a book is an intentional agency, because the action causing the vase to fall and break follows a volition (i.e., an act of willing). Intentional agency may be further categorised acccording to the fact that the some of the resulting processes may or may not be coherent with the volition.
hasGatheredPart
A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections.
overlaps
The relation between two individuals representing entities that share at least one of their parts.
HeatTreatment
Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties.
hasProperty
A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process.
QuantityValue
A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit).
Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'.
6.8 m 0.9 km 8 K 6 MeV 43.5 HRC(150 kg)
quantity value
A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object.
MaterialTreatment
The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena.
Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes.
Has shaped bodies as input and output.
Pascal
SI unit for pressure.
Watt
SI unit for power.
The SI unit of power. Power is the rate at which work is done, or (equivalently) the rate at which energy is expended. One watt is equal to a power rate of one joule of work per second of time. This unit is used both in mechanics and in electricity, so it links the mechanical and electrical units to one another. In mechanical terms, one watt equals about 0.001 341 02 horsepower (hp) or 0.737 562 foot-pound per second (lbf/s). In electrical terms, one watt is the power produced by a current of one ampere flowing through an electric potential of one volt. The name of the unit honors James Watt (1736-1819), the British engineer whose improvements to the steam engine are often credited with igniting the Industrial Revolution. -- QUDT
Interpreter
The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'.
For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters).
EquivalentTo. Cogniser or Declarer or Deducer
The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity.
PressurePerTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PressurePerTemperature'.
PerPressureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerPressure'.
ISO80000Categorised
Physical quantity categorised according to ISO 80000.
FrequencyPerVolumeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'FrequencyPerVolume'.
MagneticFluxUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFlux'.
InductanceUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Inductance'.
JoinManufacturing
The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole.
A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces.
Fügen
ElectricChargeDensityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargeDensity'.
LogarithmicUnit
A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type.
Decibel
Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage.
PerAreaTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerAreaTime'.
AmountPerAreaTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerAreaTime'.
CapacitanceUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Capacitance'.
hasOutput
The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an item I, where the non-overlapping part of I is caused by P.
CatalyticActivityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'CatalyticActivity'.
MagneticFluxDensityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFluxDensity'.
providesInterpretation
A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process.
Gram
A unit of mass in the metric system. The name comes from the Greek gramma, a small weight identified in later Roman and Byzantine times with the Latin scripulum or scruple (the English scruple is equal to about 1.3 grams). The gram was originally defined to be the mass of one cubic centimeter of pure water, but to provide precise standards it was necessary to construct physical objects of specified mass. One gram is now defined to be 1/1000 of the mass of the standard kilogram, a platinum-iridium bar carefully guarded by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris for more than a century. (The kilogram, rather than the gram, is considered the base unit of mass in the SI.) The gram is a small mass, equal to about 15.432 grains or 0.035 273 966 ounce. -- QUDT
Gram is defined as one thousandth of the SI unit kilogram.
Semiosis
The class for entities where an interpreter, interpretant, reference and sign relate with each others semiotically.
Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process me -> interpreter cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant "Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign
EquivalentTo: Deduction or Declaration or Cognition
EquivalentTo: FullSemiosis or PartialSemiosis
Semiosis is intended here as a 4D entity, meaning that is not necessarily intended as a process. This enables users to represent more general state of things without necessarily committing to a process/object classification (which in a 4D framework is subjective, and not ontological) through the persistence perspective (in fact semiotics module is independent from persistence module). For example, in a deduction (semiosis) the yellow tinted skin (index) of a patient is a symptom for liver desease (referent) according to a doctor (interpreter). If the user wants to include a commit towards persistency then the deduction can be either: - an obejct: the deduction is a system (object) and the doctor, skin and patient are object components - a process: where the deduction is a process and the doctor, skin and patient are participants Since in the EMMO the object/process categorisation is relation-driven and object/process are not disjointed, the abovementioned deduction can be seen both as a process or object depending on the relation used by the user to navigate the graph.
ElectricCurrentDensityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentDensity'.
semiotical
The generic EMMO semiotical relation.
ElectricPotentialUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotential'.
ElectricConductanceUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductance'.
Data
A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule.
EncodedContrast
EncodedData
A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names).
A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM.
EncodedData is the class where inventions that don't actually exist would be placed. For example, the blueprint of a bridge is an encoded data. When the bridge will be built, than the blueprint will also be a semiotical entity. Another example is Superman, that exists only as a set of magazines, drawings, novels, movies, but not in the real world.
Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaning, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective.
We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective.
EntropyUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Entropy'.
LuminanceUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Luminance'.
FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece
da una forma non propria ad una forma propria
Powder: particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size
AngularMomentumUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AngularMomentum'.
Referent
The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process.
Object
SemioticObject
Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign).
Liquid
A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure.
hasNonTemporalPart
The part is connected with the rest item or members with a combination of hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact relations.
Symbol
The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet).
AlphabeticEntity
A letter, a number, a punctuation sign, a space, an UTF-8 character.
The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A".
Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols A Symbol may be a String in another language. e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters.
Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. (Wikipedia)
The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea.
Solid
A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined.
Sign
A CausalStructure that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another CausalStructure through an semiotic process.
A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). Each of them are 'sign'-s. A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols.
EquivalentTo: Index or Conventional or Icon
A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part.
According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: - symbols: that stand for an object through convention - indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity - icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition
indirectlyCauses
A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries.
An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity.
isIndirectCauseOf
hasAgent
The relation within a process and an agengt participant.
ReciprocalLength
The inverse of length.
Litre
A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3),
Other used symbols for litre are "l" and "ℓ".
The litre (American spelling: `liter`; SI symbol l or L) is a non-SI metric system unit of volume equal to 1 `cubic decimetre` (dm³), 1,000 cubic centimetres (cm³) or 1/1000 `cubic metre`. If the lower case "L" is used as the symbol, it is sometimes rendered as a italic "l" to help distinguish it from the capital "I", although this usage has no official approval by any international bureau. -- QUDT
liter
MetricMultipleUnit
Measurement unit obtained by multiplying a given measurement unit by an integer SI prefix greater than one.
disjointUnionOf: DecaPrefixedUnit, HectoPrefixedUnit, TeraPrefixedUnit, PetaPrefixedUnit, ExaPrefixedUnit, MegaPrefixedUnit, KiloPrefixedUnit, GigaPrefixedUnit, ZettaPrefixedUnit, YottaPrefixedUnit
FemtoPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "femto" (1e-15).
Collection
A collection is the concept that complements the item. A collection is an entity that has at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be.
The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities.
The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule.
ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricDisplacementField'.
ElectricResistanceUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricResistance'.
The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. We can think of a quantum as an elementary particle after and interaction and before another interaction. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. Fundamental interactions (quantum fields) are represented as symmetric causality relation between macro entities, while classical interactions are mediated by chain of quantums (i.e. elementary particles). The fundamental distinction between world entities is causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. Void regions do not exist in the EMMO. In other words there is no spacetime without entities and spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are measured quantities, always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions.
The class of all the OWL individuals representing world entities according to EMMO conceptualisation.
The disjoint union of the fundamental mereocausal classes of Quantum, CausalPath, CausalSystem and Collection.
DisjointUnion: CausalPath, Collection, Quantum, CausalSystem
EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and space with the causal system concept. The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always 4D spatiotemporal entities. Moreover, the combination of mereology and causality used in the EMMO theory (mereocausality) represents entities as direct acyclic graphs with dimension of 4 (i.e., the mereocasual graph can be represented in a 4D euclidian space with edges having unit length). For this reasons, the EMMO can be considered a 4D ontology.
ManufacturedProduct
An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose.
Artifact
Engineered
TangibleProduct
Car, tire, composite material.
elucidation
Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands.
An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation.
Manufacturing
The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes.
ISO 15531-1:2004 manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion
ISO 18435-1:2009 manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area
Deals with entities that have a defined shape.
AreicSpeedUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreicSpeed'.
AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerVolumeTime'.
CausalStructure
The class of individuals representing causally self-connected world entities.
The disjoint union of Causal Path and CausalSystem classes.
The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph
EquivalentTo: CausalPath or CausalSystem
A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts.
isCauseOf
A relation between an entity that causally affects another.
We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. More formally, causality is defined as a relation between individuals x and y that holds if and only if: a) x having a part that is causing an effect on a part of y b) x and y are non-overlapping An entity cannot cause itself or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. The existence of one-directional of bi-directional causality relations between two entities is what reconstruct time-like and space-like relations, respectively.
John yesterday is the cause of John today, is an example of temporal-like causality. The desk supporting my laptop is a space-like causality.
Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. For this reason the EMMO OWL 2 DL will only deal with macro causality relations, sacrificing the full FOL theory expressivity for the sake of simplicity.
The cause relation applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums.
Icon
A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure.
Model
Simulacrum
A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person.
An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity.
EquivalentTo: AnalogicalIcon or ResemblanceIcon or FunctionalIcon
If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747.
In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: (a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else [Wikipedia]
hasSpatialPart
A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval.
The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasContact relations only (no hasNext).
AmountUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Amount'.
SIExactConstant
Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units.
Joule
SI unit for energy.
The SI unit of work or energy, defined to be the work done by a force of one newton acting to move an object through a distance of one meter in the direction in which the force is applied. Equivalently, since kinetic energy is one half the mass times the square of the velocity, one joule is the kinetic energy of a mass of two kilograms moving at a velocity of 1 m/s. -- QUDT
Metre
The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs.
Meter
Byte
The byte is a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications that most commonly consists of eight bits. -- QUDT
MassFractionUnit
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses.
Unit for mass fraction.
HectoPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "hecto" (100).
SIMultiplePrefix
SI prefix who's value is a positive integer larger than 1.
disjointUnionOf: Giga, Tera, Exa, Hecto, Kilo, Mega, Ronna, Yotta, Peta, Quetta, Deca, Zetta
MassPerLengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerLength'.
SymbolicData
A symbolic data is a data that is rooted on some specified symbolic based encoding, such as floating point numbers, strings, integer. When a symbolic data is used for expressing numerical data (e.g., integer), it is not to be intended as a mathematical entity (even if it may be interpreted as such) but as a syntactic structure (datastructures or datatypes) based on concatenated tokens (or symbols, letters) that can deliver data.
The class for entities which stands for a specific data format expressed using a symbolic encoding.
PureNumberQuantity
A pure number, typically the number of something.
According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one.
1, i, π, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
CausalSystem
A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). A causal system is always a spatial-like structure, and is represented as a multiple topologically orderable direct acyclic graph, with quanta as nodes and causality relations as edges.
The class of individuals representing a causal system.
A electron binded by a nucleus.
DisjointUnionOf: FundamentalPhysicalSystem, GenericPhysicalSystem
hasConvention
A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process.
ElectricFieldStrengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricFieldStrength'.
hasPart
The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one.
All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive.
MassPerLengthTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerLengthTime'.
SISubMultiplePrefix
SI prefix who's value is 1/N where N is a positive integer larger than 1.
disjointUnionOf: Centi, Pico, Milli, Zepto, Quecto, Micro, Yocto, Femto, Deci, Nano, Atto, Ronto
ElectricChargePerMassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerMass'.
TemperaturePerTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerTime'.
AmountPerMassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMass'.
VolumeFractionUnit
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes.
Unit for volume fraction.
LengthFractionUnit
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths.
Unit for plane angle.
MagneticFieldStrengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFieldStrength'.
Sintering
Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece.
ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles
ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion
Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten.
CountingUnit
Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count.
Unit of atomic number Unit of number of cellular Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics
AccelerationUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Acceleration'.
Mathematical
The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules.
A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions.
GigaPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "giga" (1e9).
AmountConcentrationUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountConcentration'.
Extensive
A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems.
Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass.
Mass Volume Entropy
SIAcceptedUnit
Non-SI units mentioned in the SI.
This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide.
hasSign
The relation between a semiotic process and the sign standing for the referent.
hasSpatialTile
A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation.
hasSpatialDirectPart
Length
Extend of a spatial dimension.
Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space.
PressurePerTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PressurePerTime'.
DeciPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "deci" (0.1).
MetricSubMultipleUnit
Measurement unit obtained by dividing a given measurement unit by an integer SI prefix greater than one.
disjointUnionOf: PicoPrefixedUnit, DeciPrefixedUnit, FemtoPrefixedUnit, ZeptoPrefixedUnit, AttoPrefixedUnit, MicroPrefixedUnit, MilliPrefixedUnit, CentiPrefixedUnit, NanoPrefixedUnit, YoctoPrefixedUnit
MassFluxUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassFlux'.
ThermalConductivityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalConductivity'.
DimensionlessUnit
The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension.
Refractive index Plane angle Number of apples
EntropyPerMassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'EntropyPerMass'.
ElectricConductivityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductivity'.
hasInterpreter
The relation between a semiotic process and the interpreter that is responsible for the sign-referent correspondance.
PerVolumeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerVolume'.
ElectricCurrentUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrent'.
PowerDensityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerDensity'.
AreaDensityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaDensity'.
hasPrefixMultiplier
Relates a SI prefixed unit to the multiplication factor corresponding to the prefix.
EMMO applies the naming convension to its sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso that their label must end with one of the following terms: - 'Match': resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology - 'Entry': resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject - 'Ref': non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject
Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource.
Coulomb
SI unit for electric charge.
The SI unit of electric charge. One coulomb is the amount of charge accumulated in one second by a current of one ampere. Electricity is actually a flow of charged particles, such as electrons, protons, or ions. The charge on one of these particles is a whole-number multiple of the charge e on a single electron, and one coulomb represents a charge of approximately 6.241 506 x 1018 e. The coulomb is named for a French physicist, Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736-1806), who was the first to measure accurately the forces exerted between electric charges. -- QUDT
hasMetricPrefix
Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part.
Intensive
A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system.
Temperature Density Pressure ChemicalPotential
CentiPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "centi" (0.01).
hasUnitNonPrefixPart
Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part.
For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre".
hasProperPart
The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct.
The proper part relation has the following pair-covering sub-relations: - hasMembers xor hasPiece - hasPortionPart xor hasGatheredPart . hasItemPart xor hasScatteredPart
FractionUnit
Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure
Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed.
RatioUnit
ReciprocalLengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalLength'.
SpaceAndTimeQuantity
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3.
SISpecialUnit
The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units.
disjointUnionOf: Becquerel, Coulomb, DegreeCelsius, Farad, Gray, Henry, Hertz, Joule, Katal, Lumen, Lux, Newton, Ohm, Pascal, Radian, Siemens, Sievert, Steradian, Tesla, Volt, Watt, Weber
These units are SI coherent by definition.
note
A text that add some information about the entity.
A note can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches.
AreaUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Area'.
Item
A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs.
The class of individuals standing for quantum or causally self-connected world entities.
The disjoint union of Particle and CausalStructure classes.
CausalObject
A person life, an interval of a person life. The lifetime of two components, from the production in separate manufacturing lines, their being connected components in a device, including their eparation and decommissioning.
EquivalentTo: CausalParticle or CausalStructure
The concept of self-connectivity is applied using a 4D approach. Given that, the entity made of an electron and a proton that travel, interact, and then depart from each other is an item, since we don't focus only on the beginning or the end stage but to the overall 4D entity, being the interaction the connectivity bridge between the two particles.
ForcePerLengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ForcePerLength'.
DerivedUnit
Derived units are defined as a numerical factor times the products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities.
derived unit
A measurement unit for a derived quantity. -- VIM
When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units.
Energy
A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms.
Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work.
Process
The superclass for causal structure classes whose individuals have some temporal item parts that are not of the same type of the whole.
Occurrent
Perdurant
Practically speaking, the Process class can be populated by primitive subclasses (e.g. Cooking) for each of which holds the axiom that not all the item temporal parts are of the same type of the whole (e.g. breaking an egg, which is not necessarily a cooking process) and there are at least two temporal item parts of different types (e.g. breaking and egg and turning on the stove). The intended usage is not for an individual to belong directly to Process, but to belong to a specific subclass of Process that identifies entities with a specific non-type-persistent structure.
Equivalent To: Behaviour or ConstitutiveProcess or Stage or SubProcess
A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of different types that are temporally related.
Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every entity in the EMMO should be a process, since every 4D entity0 always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the concept of process to items whose temporal parts show a change in type (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). The definition of every specific process subclass requires a reference type, that is expressed by some but not all temporal parts.
PicoPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "pico" (1e-12).
AbsorbedDoseUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AbsorbedDose'.
ForceUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Force'.
RatioQuantity
Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394.
The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality.
refractive index, volume fraction, fine structure constant
An item can be classified as an object according to a type ϕ (a ϕ-object) if it's a ϕ all its temporal item parts are also of type ϕ. This conceptualisation tries to catch the persistency of type in the temporal parts of an entity.
The superclass for causal structure classes whose individuals have all temporal item parts of the same type of the whole.
Continuant
Endurant
If ϕ is the class of human beings, then the 4D entity representing a lifetime from birth to death in senile age is an object. if ϕ is the class of underages, the 4D entity representing the same lifetime is a process, since the underage covers only a part of the lifetime.
Practically speaking, the Object class can be populated by primitive subclasses (e.g. Car) for each of which holds the axiom that all the item parts are of the same type of the whole (e.g. Car SubClassOf hasTemporalItemPart only Car). The intended usage is not for an individual to belong directly to Object, but to belong to a specific subclass of Object that identifies entities with a type-persistent structure.
Equivalent To: Constituent or Participant or Status or SubObject
Indefinitely temporally slicing of an entity leads to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the entity as an item will no longer hold. More generally. a temporal part is no more of type ϕ when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterizes the causality interactions between the object parts. In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental quantum parts. For this reason, the definition of object is done by considering only item temporal parts, meaning that slicing in time has the lower limit of a self-connected (i.e. item) entity.
hasNumberValue
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity.
ElectricChargeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCharge'.
TimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Time'.
MechanicalQuantity
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4.
MassPerTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerTime'.
hasDataValue
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity.
This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values).
NanoPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "nano" (1e-9).
SpeedUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Speed'.
LengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Length'.
ThermodynamicalQuantity
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5.
MegaPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "mega" (1e6).
PhysioChemicalQuantity
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9.
MassUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Mass'.
ISQDimensionlessQuantity
A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one.
ElectromagneticQuantity
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6.
DensityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Density'.
MicroPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "micro" (1e-6).
VolumeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Volume'.
CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12.
PowerUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Power'.
PressureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Pressure'.
FrequencyUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Frequency'.
EnergyUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Energy'.
SINonCoherentDerivedUnit
A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one.
SIAcceptedDerivedUnit
Defived units that are accepted to be used with SI.
unitSymbolValue
KiloPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "kilo" (1000).
VolumePerTimeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerTime'.
AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10.
MilliPrefixedUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "milli" (1e-3).
hasIUPAC2016AtomicMass
This is a convenient shortcut for the measurement process process of the atomic mass reported by IUPAC2016.
The mass of an atomic element according to IUPAC 2016.
hasAtomicNumber
This is a convenient shortcut for the conventional declaration process of assigning an atomic number to an atom subclass.
The atomic number of an atomic element.
isChemicalSymbolFor
Relates a chemical symbol to the atomic element it stands for.
hasSymbolValue
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity.
ChemicalElement
The IUPAC Gold Book defines the a chemical element both as: - a species of atoms; all atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus - a pure chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus This qualifies a chemical element as a name and not a matter obejct that can stand for an atom or a substance.
The symbol for a specific chemical element, that can stand both for an atom or a substance.
Atom
A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus.
An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons.
ISQDerivedQuantity
Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ).
hasMeasurementUnit
A conventional semiotic relation that relates a physical quantity to its unit.
Length hasUnit only LengthUnit
SIDimensionalUnit
Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI).
In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. -- SI brouchure The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: ^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ The physical dimensionality of all subclasses of SIDimensionalUnit are defined by their dimensional string. Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional string are: - AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" - TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0"
hasDimensionString
Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string.
SICoherentDerivedUnit
A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one.
This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only.
hasUnitSymbol
Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part.
NonSIUnit
Measurement units that are not SI units.
PrefixedUnit
A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol.
NonPrefixedUnit
A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part.
MeasurementUnit
A metrological reference for a physical quantity.
kg m/s km
DisjointUnionOf: DimensionlessUnit, DimensionalUnit
DisjointUnionOf: NonPrefixedUnit, PrefixedUnit
measurement unit (VIM3 1.9)
"Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" ISO 80000-1
"Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." "Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf
Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint.
Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'.
SINonCoherentUnit
An SI unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base SI units is NOT equal to one.
disjointUnionOf: SIMetricPrefixedUnit, SINonCoherentDerivedUnit
A non-SI coherent can be expressed in terms of its corresponding SI coherent unit, as nonsi_coherent_unit = si_coherent_unit * multiplier + offset where `multiplier` and `offset` are specified via the 'hasConversionMultiplier' and 'hasConversionOffset' data properties, respectively.
hasSIConversionOffset
Number to add to a SI coherent unit when converting to a given non-SI coherent unit.
Conversion formula: nonsi_coherent_unit = si_coherent_unit * multiplier + offset
hasSIConversionMultiplier
Number to multiply a SI coherent unit with when converting to a given non-SI coherent unit.
From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”).
From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”).
From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget").
Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’.
From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’.
From Latin manufacture: "made by hand".
We usa a predicate template notation as RP<φ>(x,y) to specify subclasses of RP(x,y) for the class φ, meaning that RP<φ>(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ φ(x) ∧ φ(y)
φ is a class of the theory that in the EMMO OWL is supposed to be subclass of CausalStructure.
From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”).
EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology.
From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’.
Implementation of equality based on mereology.
All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe.
From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”).
Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item).
From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover".
This axiom underlines the monodimensional nature of a causal chain, as a sequence of quanta.
From Proto-Germanic *klas-, *klus- (“to clump, lump together”).
Implementing Transitivity.
From Latin fusio, from fundere ‘pour, melt’.
Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping.
From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written.
From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”).
From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'.
From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’.
The term 'part' is here intended not only in mereological sense but also as role. For example. the term part is used to define the role played by an actor, specifying not only a mereological participation of the actor to an act, but also a specific role for that actor.
Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire").
We usa a predicate template notation as DP<φ>(x,y) to specify subclasses of DP(x,y) for the class φ, meaning that DP<φ>(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ (φ(x) ↔ ¬φ(y))
φ is a class of the theory
From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”
From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information)
From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”).
From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”).
The equalsTo object property is equivalent to the OWL SameAs
From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).
From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”).
From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance")
From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”).
From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”).
From Latin modus (“measure”).
From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”).
From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),
The rule for the subproperty chain: inverse (hasReferent) o inverse (hasInterpreter) ⇒ hasSign
The rule for the subproperty chain: inverse (hasSign) o inverse (hasReferent) ⇒ hasInterpreter
The rule for the subproperty chain: inverse (hasInterpreter) o inverse (hasSign) ⇒ hasReferent
From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time.
From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”).
Luciano Floridi, "Information - A Very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press (2010) ISBN: 9780199551378
From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”).
Transitivity for parthood.
From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”).
1940s: named after S.N. Bose.
From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”).
From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”).
The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen.
From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”).
From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”).
Implementing transitivity.
From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”).
From Latin agēns (present participle of agere (“to act”))
Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology
From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out")
This axiom reflects the fact the the universe is causally self-connected. In fact, a non causally connected universe would have been the sum of causally independend sub-universes, without any knowledge of others. This axiom may be seen as Ockam's razor applied to causality.
From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”).
From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’.
Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO.
While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as an elementary particle after and interaction and before another interaction. (e.g. quark, photon).
From Latin succedĕre ("coming after").
Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality.
From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”).
Enforcing parthood reflexivity.
Implementig transitivity.
From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”).
From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”).
This definition reads: "The universe is the sum of all entities that are part of themselves". Since parthood (P) is reflexive by axiom, then the universe is the sum of all mereological entities.
From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as".
Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself.
VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity.
Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable").
From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve.
The term graphical is used in etymological sense, comprising both writings and visual arts.
From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”).
From Latin percipiō, past participle perceptus (“take hold of, obtain, receive, observe”), from per (“by, through”) + capiō (“to take”).
From Latin documentum, from the verb doceō (“teach”) +‎ -mentum.
From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953.
From Latin manu factum ("made by hand").
From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’.
From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do).
From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’.
From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’.
From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’.
From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide".
Transitivity for proper parthood.
From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical.