About VentRef
VentRef is a focused clinical reference for clinicians managing invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy, grounded in core respiratory physiology and evidence-based critical care practice. This...
VentRef is a focused clinical reference for clinicians managing invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy, grounded in core respiratory physiology and evidence-based critical care practice. This application is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Calculations and reference values are derived from published peer-reviewed medical literature and textbooks cited in the Sources section of the app. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional with any questions regarding medical conditions or clinical decisions, and do not disregard or delay seeking professional advice because of information provided by this app. About Rishi Kumar, MD, FACC ("RK.MD") I'm an adult cardiothoracic anesthesiologist and cardiovascular ICU intensivist practicing in academic medicine. I'm passionate about teaching with free, open-access medical education. Learn more on my site: https://rk.md
Version History Added: New sections for invasive ventilation, artificial airways, and airway adjuncts Added: Tracheostomy Tube, Laryngectomy Tube, Speaking Valve, Heat Moisture Exchanger (HME), Trach Collar, Laryngectomy Stoma Care, Endotracheal Tube (ETT), Tracheal Cuff Management, Ventilator Circuit Basics, Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA), Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA), Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) Updated: Significant backend codebase changes for efficiency 1.5 May 18 Added: Desired CO2, Mechanical Power, Inspiratory Time, I:E Ratio, Mean Airway Pressure, Alveolar Gas Equation, ARDS Severity, Winter’s Formula, ROX Index calculators Added: ROX Index, NIV Failure, Static Compliance, Dynamic Compliance, Mean Airway Pressure, Derecruitment, Overdistension, Airway Resistance, Recruitment, Dead Space Fraction, Ventilatory Ratio, PaCO₂ EtCO₂ Gradient, Oxygenation Index, Oxygen Saturation Index, Mechanical Power, Patient Self Inflicted Lung Injury, Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve, Absorption Atelectasis, Permissive Hypercapnia, Flow, Expiratory Flow Limitation, Cuff Pressure, Airway Protection, Occlusion Pressure P0.1, Tube Resistance, T Piece terms Updated: Adjusted user interface elements for References tab Updated: Noninvasive oxygen therapy descriptions Updated: DO₂, HFNC, CPAP, BiPAP, PEEP, Lung Protective Ventilation, ARDS, Prone Positioning terms 1.4 May 7 Added: APRV/Bilevel mode Added: Adjustable parameters for ventilator modes Added: Zero End Expiratory Pressure (ZEEP), Jackson-Rees circuit, Mapleson circuit terms, Extubation Criteria, Diaphragmatic Dysfunction, Accessory Muscle Use, Negative Inspiratory Force (NIF), Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (RSBI), Vital Capacity, Heart and Moisture Exchanger (HME), Heliox, Tracheostomy, Passy Muir Valve, Bronchopleural Fistula (BPF), Cough Assist Updated: Fixed full-screen constraints for vent images 1.3 Feb 4 Added: Breas Vivo 45LS, VOCSN, ResMed Astral 150, Vyaire AVEA, Maquet Servo-s, Maquet Servo-air, Mindray SV300, Draeger Oxylog 3000 plus, Siemens Servo 300, GE Carestation 650 Anesthesia, Philips Respironics V200, Airon pNeuton A ventilators Added: Stress index, SaO2, Shunt Fraction, Shunt, V Q Mismatch, RQ, CO, SvO2, Nasal Cannula, Simple Mask, High Flow Oxygen, Work of Breathing, Recruitment, FRC, Auto Trigger, Pressurization, Patient Drive, Inspiratory Flow, Flow, COPD, Oxygenation, Alveolar Gas Exchange, Obstruction, NIV, Modes, Apnea Backup, Backup Ventilation, Sedation, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary Vascular Resistance, Preload, Afterload, Circle System Leak, Rebreathing, Comfort, Extubation, Spontaneous Breathing, Transpulmonary Pressure (Ptp), Pleural Pressure (Intrapleural), Esophageal Pressure (Pes), Chest Wall Compliance, Airway Pressure (Paw) terms Added: Completely restructured ventilator section Added: Click-to-expand images Added: More detailed descriptions for noninvasive modalities Updated: Standardized section styling and text formatting 1.2 Jan 6 Added: Calculators for Oxygen Saturation Index (OSI), Oxygen Extraction Fraction (OEF), Respiratory System Resistance, Ventilation Index (VI), Respiratory System Time Constant Added: Images for supplemental oxygen therapies Added: Lung capacity/volume terms Updated: User interface tweaks Updated: Matomo SDK to 7.8.0 1.1 12/22/2025 1.0 12/18/2025
Previous Versions
Here you can find the changelog of VentRef since it was posted on our website on 2026-01-25 01:29:50.
The latest version is 1.5 and it was updated on 2026-06-11 00:07:07. See below the changes in each version.
VentRef version 1.5
Updated At: 2026-06-11
Changes: Version History Added: New sections for invasive ventilation, artificial airways, and airway adjuncts
Added: Tracheostomy Tube, Laryngectomy Tube, Speaking Valve, Heat Moisture Exchanger (HME), Trach Collar, Laryngectomy Stoma Care, Endotracheal Tube (ETT), Tracheal Cuff Management, Ventilator Circuit Basics, Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA), Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA), Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM)
Updated: Significant backend codebase changes for efficiency 1.5 May 18 Added: Desired CO2, Mechanical Power, Inspiratory Time, I:E Ratio, Mean Airway Pressure, Alveolar Gas Equation, ARDS Severity, Winter’s Formula, ROX Index calculators
Added: ROX Index, NIV Failure, Static Compliance, Dynamic Compliance, Mean Airway Pressure, Derecruitment, Overdistension, Airway Resistance, Recruitment, Dead Space Fraction, Ventilatory Ratio, PaCO₂ EtCO₂ Gradient, Oxygenation Index, Oxygen Saturation Index, Mechanical Power, Patient Self Inflicted Lung Injury, Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve, Absorption Atelectasis, Permissive Hypercapnia, Flow, Expiratory Flow Limitation, Cuff Pressure, Airway Protection, Occlusion Pressure P0.1, Tube Resistance, T Piece terms
Updated: Adjusted user interface elements for References tab
Updated: Noninvasive oxygen therapy descriptions
Updated: DO₂, HFNC, CPAP, BiPAP, PEEP, Lung Protective Ventilation, ARDS, Prone Positioning terms 1.4 May 7 Added: APRV/Bilevel mode
Added: Adjustable parameters for ventilator modes
Added: Zero End Expiratory Pressure (ZEEP), Jackson-Rees circuit, Mapleson circuit terms, Extubation Criteria, Diaphragmatic Dysfunction, Accessory Muscle Use, Negative Inspiratory Force (NIF), Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (RSBI), Vital Capacity, Heart and Moisture Exchanger (HME), Heliox, Tracheostomy, Passy Muir Valve, Bronchopleural Fistula (BPF), Cough Assist
Updated: Fixed full-screen constraints for vent images 1.3 Feb 4 Added: Breas Vivo 45LS, VOCSN, ResMed Astral 150, Vyaire AVEA, Maquet Servo-s, Maquet Servo-air, Mindray SV300, Draeger Oxylog 3000 plus, Siemens Servo 300, GE Carestation 650 Anesthesia, Philips Respironics V200, Airon pNeuton A ventilators
Added: Stress index, SaO2, Shunt Fraction, Shunt, V Q Mismatch, RQ, CO, SvO2, Nasal Cannula, Simple Mask, High Flow Oxygen, Work of Breathing, Recruitment, FRC, Auto Trigger, Pressurization, Patient Drive, Inspiratory Flow, Flow, COPD, Oxygenation, Alveolar Gas Exchange, Obstruction, NIV, Modes, Apnea Backup, Backup Ventilation, Sedation, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary Vascular Resistance, Preload, Afterload, Circle System Leak, Rebreathing, Comfort, Extubation, Spontaneous Breathing, Transpulmonary Pressure (Ptp), Pleural Pressure (Intrapleural), Esophageal Pressure (Pes), Chest Wall Compliance, Airway Pressure (Paw) terms
Added: Completely restructured ventilator section
Added: Click-to-expand images
Added: More detailed descriptions for noninvasive modalities
Updated: Standardized section styling and text formatting 1.2 Jan 6 Added: Calculators for Oxygen Saturation Index (OSI), Oxygen Extraction Fraction (OEF), Respiratory System Resistance, Ventilation Index (VI), Respiratory System Time Constant
Added: Images for supplemental oxygen therapies
Added: Lung capacity/volume terms
Updated: User interface tweaks
Updated: Matomo SDK to 7.8.0 1.1 12/22/2025 1.0 12/18/2025
VentRef version 1.4
Updated At: 2026-05-08
Changes: Version History Added: Desired CO2, Mechanical Power, Inspiratory Time, I:E Ratio, Mean Airway Pressure, Alveolar Gas Equation, ARDS Severity, Winter’s Formula, ROX Index calculators
Added: ROX Index, NIV Failure, Static Compliance, Dynamic Compliance, Mean Airway Pressure, Derecruitment, Overdistension, Airway Resistance, Recruitment, Dead Space Fraction, Ventilatory Ratio, PaCO₂ EtCO₂ Gradient, Oxygenation Index, Oxygen Saturation Index, Mechanical Power, Patient Self Inflicted Lung Injury, Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve, Absorption Atelectasis, Permissive Hypercapnia, Flow, Expiratory Flow Limitation, Cuff Pressure, Airway Protection, Occlusion Pressure P0.1, Tube Resistance, T Piece terms
Updated: Adjusted user interface elements for References tab
Updated: Noninvasive oxygen therapy descriptions
Updated: DO₂, HFNC, CPAP, BiPAP, PEEP, Lung Protective Ventilation, ARDS, Prone Positioning terms 1.4 22h ago Added: APRV/Bilevel mode
Added: Adjustable parameters for ventilator modes
Added: Zero End Expiratory Pressure (ZEEP), Jackson-Rees circuit, Mapleson circuit terms, Extubation Criteria, Diaphragmatic Dysfunction, Accessory Muscle Use, Negative Inspiratory Force (NIF), Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (RSBI), Vital Capacity, Heart and Moisture Exchanger (HME), Heliox, Tracheostomy, Passy Muir Valve, Bronchopleural Fistula (BPF), Cough Assist
Updated: Fixed full-screen constraints for vent images 1.3 Feb 4 Added: Breas Vivo 45LS, VOCSN, ResMed Astral 150, Vyaire AVEA, Maquet Servo-s, Maquet Servo-air, Mindray SV300, Draeger Oxylog 3000 plus, Siemens Servo 300, GE Carestation 650 Anesthesia, Philips Respironics V200, Airon pNeuton A ventilators
Added: Stress index, SaO2, Shunt Fraction, Shunt, V Q Mismatch, RQ, CO, SvO2, Nasal Cannula, Simple Mask, High Flow Oxygen, Work of Breathing, Recruitment, FRC, Auto Trigger, Pressurization, Patient Drive, Inspiratory Flow, Flow, COPD, Oxygenation, Alveolar Gas Exchange, Obstruction, NIV, Modes, Apnea Backup, Backup Ventilation, Sedation, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary Vascular Resistance, Preload, Afterload, Circle System Leak, Rebreathing, Comfort, Extubation, Spontaneous Breathing, Transpulmonary Pressure (Ptp), Pleural Pressure (Intrapleural), Esophageal Pressure (Pes), Chest Wall Compliance, Airway Pressure (Paw) terms
Added: Completely restructured ventilator section
Added: Click-to-expand images
Added: More detailed descriptions for noninvasive modalities
Updated: Standardized section styling and text formatting 1.2 Jan 6 Added: Calculators for Oxygen Saturation Index (OSI), Oxygen Extraction Fraction (OEF), Respiratory System Resistance, Ventilation Index (VI), Respiratory System Time Constant
Added: Images for supplemental oxygen therapies
Added: Lung capacity/volume terms
Updated: User interface tweaks
Updated: Matomo SDK to 7.8.0 1.1 12/22/2025 1.0 12/18/2025
VentRef version 1.3
Updated At: 2026-02-04
Changes: Added: APRV/Bilevel mode
Added: Adjustable parameters for ventilator modes
Added: Zero End Expiratory Pressure (ZEEP), Jackson-Rees circuit, Mapleson circuit terms, Extubation Criteria, Diaphragmatic Dysfunction, Accessory Muscle Use, Negative Inspiratory Force (NIF), Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (RSBI), Vital Capacity, Heart and Moisture Exchanger (HME), Heliox, Tracheostomy, Passy Muir Valve, Bronchopleural Fistula (BPF), Cough Assist
Updated: Fixed full-screen constraints for vent images
VentRef version 1.2
Updated At: 2026-01-06
Changes: Added: Breas Vivo 45LS, VOCSN, ResMed Astral 150, Vyaire AVEA, Maquet Servo-s, Maquet Servo-air, Mindray SV300, Draeger Oxylog 3000 plus, Siemens Servo 300, GE Carestation 650 Anesthesia, Philips Respironics V200, Airon pNeuton A ventilators
Added: Stress index, SaO2, Shunt Fraction, Shunt, V Q Mismatch, RQ, CO, SvO2, Nasal Cannula, Simple Mask, High Flow Oxygen, Work of Breathing, Recruitment, FRC, Auto Trigger, Pressurization, Patient Drive, Inspiratory Flow, Flow, COPD, Oxygenation, Alveolar Gas Exchange, Obstruction, NIV, Modes, Apnea Backup, Backup Ventilation, Sedation, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary Vascular Resistance, Preload, Afterload, Circle System Leak, Rebreathing, Comfort, Extubation, Spontaneous Breathing, Transpulmonary Pressure (Ptp), Pleural Pressure (Intrapleural), Esophageal Pressure (Pes), Chest Wall Compliance, Airway Pressure (Paw) terms
Added: Completely restructured ventilator section
Added: Click-to-expand images
Added: More detailed descriptions for noninvasive modalities
Updated: Standardized section styling and text formatting
