Abstract
This paper presents the performance of a Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) downlink physical layer with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection algorithms in terms of bit error rate (BER) and throughput. This paper proposes a scalable and applicable Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation-based Sphere Decoding (OSIC-based SD) algorithm with higher performance. The proposed OSIC-based SD algorithm is characterized by dividing a large MIMO detector into small dimension blocks, and then the general detection method such as OSIC can be applied in each part with smaller dimension. This algorithm utilizes the SD algorithm to detect the first data streams and overcome error propagation problem with high signal-to interference noise ratio. Then, it applies OSIC algorithm with small dimension to detect other data streams. This paper investigates the performance of the proposed algorithm and compares its performance with other detection algorithms. The proposed algorithm is mathematically illustrated and evaluated by calculating BER and throughput for different transmit and receive antennas. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides a better performance and low BER values compared to classical algorithms. Significant throughput gains can be achieved by employing the proposed OSIC-based SD algorithm. Finally, OSIC-based SD algorithm enhances the performance of LTE-A downlink physical layer.







Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ghosh, A., Ratasuk, R., Mondal, B., Mangalvedhe, N., & Thomas, T. (2010). LTE-advanced: Next-generation wireless broadband technology. IEEE Wireless Communications, 17(3), 10–22.
Ghosh, A. M., Ratasuk, R., Mondal, B., Mangalvedhe, N., & Thomas, T. (2010). LTE-advanced: Next-generation wireless broadband technology. Invited Paper in IEEE Wireless Communications, 17(3), 10–22.
3GPP TS 36.201. Long Term Evolution (LTE) Physical Layer; General Description. Release 8, V8.3.0, March 2009
Yang, Y., Hu H., Xu, J., & Mao, G. (2009, October). Relay technologies for WiMAX and LTE-advanced mobile systems. IEEE Communications Magazine.
Beniero, T., Redana, S., Hamalainen, J., & Raaf, B. (2009). Effect of relaying on coverage in 3GPP LTE-advanced. In IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference. Barcelona: VTC Spring.
Boher, L., Legouable, R., & Rabineau, R. (2008, August). Performance snalysis of iterative receiver in 3GPP/LTE DL MIMO OFDMA system. In Proceedings of IEEE 10th international symposium on spread spectrum techniques and applications (ISSSTA), pp. 103–108.
Technical Specification Group RAN, E-UTRA. (2009, May). Physical channels and modulation. 3GPP, Technical Report. TS 36.211 Version 8.7.0.
Technical Specification Group RAN, E-UTRA. (2009, March). Multiplexing and channel coding. 3GPP. Technical report TS 36.212.
Technical Specification Group RAN. (2009, March). E-UTRA: Physical layer procedures, 3GPP. Technical Report TS 36.213.
Rupp, H., Gritsch, G., & Weinrichter, H. (2004). Approximate ML detection for MIMO systems with very low complexity. In Proceedings of IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech, and signal processing, Vol. 4, pp. 809–812.
Sung, H., Lee, K. B., & Kang, J. W. (2003). A simplified maximum likelihood detection scheme for MIMO systems. Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 1, 419–423.
Park, S., Zhang, H., Hager, W. H., & Han, D. S. (2007). Box constrained optimization for signal detection in MIMO channels. In Korean society for industrial and spplied mathematics, KSIAM 2007, Korea.
Hassibi, B., & Vikalo, H. (2005). On Sphere Decoding algorithm. Part I, the Expected complexity. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 54(5), 2806–2818.
Burg, A., et al. (2005). VLSI implementation of MIMO Detection using the sphere decoding algorithm. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 40(7), 1566–1577.
Studer, C., Burg, A., & Bolcskei, H. (2008). Soft-output sphere decoding: Algorithms and VLSI implementation. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 26(2), 290–300.
Myllyla, M., Juntti, M., & Cavallaro, J. R. (2009, April). Architecture design and implementation of the increasing radius-list sphere detector algorithm. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 553–556.
Damen, M. O., El Gamal, H., & Caire, G. (2003). On maximum-likelihood detection and the search for the closest lattice point. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 49(10), 2389–2402.
Spencer, Q. H., Swindlehurst, A. L., & Haardt, M. (2004). Zero-forcing methods for downlink spatial multiplexing in multiuser MIMO channels. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 52(2), 461–471.
Tuchler, M., Singer, A. C., & Koetter, R. (2002). Minimum mean squared error equalization using a priori information. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 50(3), 673–683.
Xu, M., Gan, J., Zhou, S., & Yao, Y. (2005, September). Log-likelihood detection ordering for MMSE-SIC in V-BLAST systems. In Proceedings of VTC‘05-fall, Dallas, USA, Vol. 1, pp. 1–5.
Khalid, F., & Speidel, J. (2010). Advances in MIMO techniques for mobile communications—a survey. International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences, 3, 213–252.
Mehlfuhrer, C., Ikuno, J. C., Simko, M., Schwarz, S., Wrulich, M., & Rupp, M. (2011). The Vienna LTE simulators—enabling reproducibility in wireless communications research. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 29, 1–14.
Lee, J., Han, J.-K., & Zhang, J. (2009). MIMO Technologies in 3GPP LTE and LTE- advanced. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Article ID302092.
Gomez, G., Morales-Jimenez, D., Lopez-Martinez, F. J., Sanchez, J. J., & Entrambasaguas J. T. (2009, April). Radio interface physical layer. In Long term evolution: 3GPP LTE radio and cellular technology, chapter 3, Auerbach, Boca Raton, Fla, USA, pp. 49–98.
3GPP TS 36.201 V8.1.0. LTE Physical Layer General Description (Release 8). 3GPP TSG RAN, (2007).
Zyren, J. (2007). Overview of the 3GPP long term evolution physical layer. White Paper: Freescale Semiconductor Inc.
3GPP TR 25.913 V7.3.0. Requirements for evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) and evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) (Release 7). 3GPP TSG RAN, 2006.
Simko, M., Mehlfuhrer, C., Wrulich, M., & Rupp, M. (2010, February). Doubly dispersive channel estimation with scalable complexity. In Proceedings of 14th international ITG workshop on smart antennas (WSA 2010), Bremen, Germany, pp. 251–256.
Simko, M., Wu, D., Mehlfuhrer, C., Eilert, J. & Liu, D. (2011, April). Implementation aspects of channel estimation for 3GPP LTE terminals. In Proceedings of 11th European wireless conference (EW2011), Vienna, Austria.
Schwarz, S., Mehlfuhrer, C., & Rupp, M. (2010, June). Calculation of the spatial preprocessing and link adaption feedback for 3GPP UMTS/LTE. In Proceedings of IEEE wireless advanced, London, UK.
Foschini, G. (1996). Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multi-element antennas. Bell Labs Technical Journal, 1, 41–59.
Golden, G., Foschini, G., Valenzuela, R., & Wolniansky, P. (1999). Detection algorithm and initial laboratory result using V-BLAST Space-time communication architecture. Electronics Letter, 35, 14–15.
Wolniansky, P., Foschini, G., Golden G., & Valenzuela, R. (1998, September). V-BLAST: An architecture for realizing very high data rates over the rich-scattering wireless channel. In Proceedings of ISSSE’98, Pisa, Italy, pp. 295–300.
Artes, H., Seethaler, D., & Hlawarsch, F. (2003). Efficient detection algorithms for MIMO channels: A geometrical approach to approximate ML detection. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 51(11), 2808–2820.
Stefanov, A., & Duman, T. (1998). Turbo-coded modulation for systems with transmit and receive antenna diversity over block fading channels: system model, decoding approaches, and practical considerations. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 48, 1347–1359.
Chen, J., Tian, C., Berger, T., Hemami, S. S. (2006, December). Multiple description quantization via Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 52(12), 5197–5217
Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). (2008). Technical specification group radio access network. Evolved universal terrestrial radio access E-UTRA; Physical Channels and Modulation TS 36.211 (Version 8.5.0). Technical Report.
Recommendation ITU-R M.1225. (1997). Guidelines for evaluation of radio transmission technologies for IMT-2000.
ITU. (1998). Recommendation ITU-R M.1225: Guidelines for evaluation of radio transmission technologies for IMT-2000. Systems. In International Telecommunication Union. Recommendation ITU-R M.1225.
Mehlfuhrer, C., Caban, S., & Rupp, M. (2011). Cellular system physical layer throughput: How far off are we from the Shannon bound? IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 18(6), 54–63.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
El-Mashed, M.G., El-Rabaie, S. OSIC-Based SD MIMO Detection Algorithm for LTE-A Downlink Physical Layer. Wireless Pers Commun 80, 751–768 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-2039-x
Published:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-2039-x
