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Tunable Low Frequency Gm-C Low-Pass Filter using an OTA with Bootstrapping

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Abstract

This paper introduces the design and characterization of a \(Gm-C\) low pass filter aimed for very low-frequency applications. The main transconductor is based on bootstrapping techniques to reduce the transconductance of the OTA, thus avoiding large values of capacitors and resistors. The filter operation is demonstrated via experimental results from a fabricated prototype in a standard 0.18 \(\mu \)m CMOS process with an area of 0.14 \(\hbox {mm}^2\). The filter has a cut-off frequency tuning range from 2 to 18 kHz, an input-referred noise power spectral density of 5.1 \(\mu \)V/\(\surd \)Hz @ 100 Hz, a dynamic range of 68 dB with a power consumption of 5.3 \(\mu \)W, and 1.8 V power supply.

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Author notes

  1. Oscar J. Cinco-Izquierdo, Carlos A. De la Cruz-Blas, M. Teresa Sanz-Pascual and Juan J. Ocampo-Hidalgo have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. DCAI, Enterprice Platform Signal Integrity, Intel Tecnologías de México, 45017, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico

    Oscar J. Cinco-Izquierdo

  2. Department of Electronic Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Jalisco José Mario Molina Pasquel y Henriquez, Unidad Académica Zapopan, 45019, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico

    Oscar J. Cinco-Izquierdo

  3. Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain

    Carlos A. De la Cruz-Blas

  4. Electronics Department, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE), Tonantzintla, 72840, Puebla, Mexico

    M. Teresa Sanz-Pascual

  5. Departamento de Electrónica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 420, Mexico City, 02128, Azcapotzalco, Mexico

    Juan J. Ocampo-Hidalgo

Authors
  1. Oscar J. Cinco-Izquierdo
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  2. Carlos A. De la Cruz-Blas
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  3. M. Teresa Sanz-Pascual
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  4. Juan J. Ocampo-Hidalgo
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Correspondence to Oscar J. Cinco-Izquierdo.

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Cinco-Izquierdo, O.J., De la Cruz-Blas, C.A., Sanz-Pascual, M.T. et al. Tunable Low Frequency Gm-C Low-Pass Filter using an OTA with Bootstrapping. Circuits Syst Signal Process 44, 1443–1455 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-024-02897-7

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