Unit Conversions

In 2019 the SI2019 standardization was completed, based on the 7 physics dimensions specific to the Metric system. That is actually an inadequate and insufficient unit system standard, as it is mathematically impossible to unify all historical units with that standard. In 2020, Michael Reed set out to work around that impossibility with a new project called UnitSystems.jl, which ended up completely solving the problem with a brand new 11 dimensional Unified System of Quantities (USQ) for physics.

Standardized conversion factors for physics units between UnitSystem specifications: PDF 2020-2025

Kinematic Units

MeasureSystems.AConstant
angle : [A], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙]
angle(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = angle(U,S)
angle(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/angle(U,S)
A [ϕ] Unified

Extent of one-dimensional angle or angle (rad), unit conversion factor.

julia> angle(CGS,Metric) # rad⋅rad⁻¹
𝟏 = 1.0 [𝟙]/[𝟙] Metric -> Gauss
MeasureSystems.solidangleConstant
solidangle : [A²], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙]
solidangle(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = angle(U,S)^2
solidangle(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/solidangle(U,S)
A² [ϕ²] Unified

Extent of two-dimensional angle or solidangle (rad²), unit conversion factor.

julia> solidangle(CGS,Metric) # rad²⋅rad⁻²
𝟏 = 1.0 [𝟙]/[𝟙] Gauss -> Metric
MeasureSystems.TConstant
time : [T], [T], [T], [T], [T]
time(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = length(U,S)/speed(U,S)
time(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/time(U,S)
T [ħ⋅𝘤⁻²mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅g₀] Unified

Dimension along which events are ordered or T (s), unit conversion factor.

julia> T(MPH,Metric) # s⋅h⁻¹
2⁴3²5² = 3600.0 [s]/[h] MPH -> Metric

julia> T(IAU,Metric) # s⋅D⁻¹
2⁷3³5² = 86400.0 [s]/[D] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> T(Hubble,Metric)
H0⁻¹au⋅τ⁻¹2¹⁰3⁴5⁶ = 4.561(28) × 10¹⁷ [s]/[T] Hubble -> Metric
MeasureSystems.angulartimeConstant
angulartime : [TA⁻¹], [T], [T], [T], [T]
angulartime(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = time(U,S)/angle(U,S)
angulartime(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/angulartime(U,S)
TA⁻¹ [ħ⋅𝘤⁻²mₑ⁻¹g₀] Unified

Circular time per angle (s⋅rad⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> angulartime(IAU,Metric) s⋅day⁻¹
2⁷3³5² = 86400.0 [s]/[D] IAU☉ -> Metric
MeasureSystems.LConstant
length : [L], [L], [L], [L], [L]
length(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = planck(U,S)/mass(U,S)/speed(U,S)
length(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/length(U,S)
L [ħ⋅𝘤⁻¹mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅g₀] Unified

Extent of one-dimensional shape or length (m), unit conversion factor.

julia> L(CGS,Metric) # m⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric

julia> L(IAU,Metric) # m⋅au⁻¹
au = 1.495978707000(30) × 10¹¹ [m]/[au] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> L(English,Metric) # m⋅ft⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric

julia> L(EnglishUS,English) # ft⋅ftUS⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English

julia> L(PlanckGauss,Metric) # m⋅ℓP⁻¹
𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹mP⁻¹τ⁻¹ = 1.616255(18) × 10⁻³⁵ [m]/[mP⁻¹] PlanckGauss -> Metric
MeasureSystems.angularlengthConstant
angularlength : [LA⁻¹], [L], [L], [L], [L]
angularlength(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = length(U,S)/angle(U,S)
angularlength(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/angularlength(U,S)
LA⁻¹ [ħ⋅𝘤⁻¹mₑ⁻¹g₀] Unified

Unit of length per angle (m⋅rad⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> angularlength(CGS,Metric) # cm⋅m⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric

julia> angularlength(English,Metric) # ft⋅m⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.areaConstant
area : [L²], [L²], [L²], [L²], [L²]
area(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = length(U,S)^2
area(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/area(U,S)
L² [ħ²𝘤⁻²mₑ⁻²ϕ²g₀²] Unified

Extent of two-dimensional shape or area (m²), unit conversion factor.

julia> area(CGS,Metric) # m²⋅cm⁻²
2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 0.0001 [m²]/[cm²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> area(English,Metric) # m²⋅ft⁻²
ft² = 0.09290304 [m²]/[ft²] English -> Metric

julia> area(Survey,English) # ft²⋅ftUS⁻²
ft⁻²ftUS² = 1.0000040000119996 [ft²]/[ft²] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.volumeConstant
volume : [L³], [L³], [L³], [L³], [L³]
volume(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = length(U,S)^3
volume(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/volume(U,S)
L³ [ħ³𝘤⁻³mₑ⁻³ϕ³g₀³] Unified

Extent of three-dimensional shape or volume (m³), unit conversion factor.

julia> volume(CGS,Metric) # m³⋅cm⁻³
2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 1.0×10⁻⁶ [m³]/[mL] Gauss -> Metric

julia> volume(English,Metric) # m³⋅ft⁻³
ft³ = 0.028316846592000004 [m³]/[ft³] English -> Metric

julia> volume(Survey,English) # ft³⋅ftUS⁻³
ft⁻³ftUS³ = 1.0000060000239996 [ft³]/[ft³] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.wavenumberConstant
wavenumber : [L⁻¹], [L⁻¹], [L⁻¹], [L⁻¹], [L⁻¹]
wavenumber(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/length(U,S)
wavenumber(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/wavenumber(U,S)
L⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹𝘤⋅mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified

Number of occurences per unit of space (m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> wavenumber(CGS,Metric) # cm⋅m⁻¹
2²5² = 100.0 [m⁻¹]/[cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> wavenumber(English,Metric) # ft⋅m⁻¹
ft⁻¹ = 3.280839895013123 [m⁻¹]/[ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.angularwavenumberConstant
angularwavenumber : [L⁻¹A], [L⁻¹], [L⁻¹], [L⁻¹], [L⁻¹]
angularwavenumber(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = angle(U,S)/length(U,S)
angularwavenumber(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/angularwavenumber(U,S)
L⁻¹A [ħ⁻¹𝘤⋅mₑ⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified

Number of occurences per unit of space (m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> angularwavenumber(CGS,Metric) # cm⋅m⁻¹
2²5² = 100.0 [m⁻¹]/[cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> angularwavenumber(English,Metric) # ft⋅m⁻¹
ft⁻¹ = 3.280839895013123 [m⁻¹]/[ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.fuelefficiencyConstant
fuelefficiency : [L⁻²], [L⁻²], [L⁻²], [L⁻²], [L⁻²]
fuelefficiency(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/area(U,S)
fuelefficiency(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/fuelefficiency(U,S)
L⁻² [ħ⁻²𝘤²mₑ²ϕ⁻²g₀⁻²] Unified

Distance per volume or fuel efficiency (m⋅m⁻³, m⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> fuelefficiency(CGS,Metric) # cm²⋅m⁻²
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [m⁻²]/[cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> fuelefficiency(English,Metric) # ft²⋅m⁻²
ft⁻² = 10.76391041670972 [m⁻²]/[ft⁻²] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.frequencyConstant
frequency : [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹]
frequency(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/time(U,S)
frequency(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/frequency(U,S)
T⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹𝘤²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified

Number of occurences per unit of time (Hz or s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> frequency(IAU,Metric) day⋅s⁻¹
2⁻⁷3⁻³5⁻² = 1.1574074074074075×10⁻⁵ [Hz]/[D⁻¹] IAU☉ -> Metric
MeasureSystems.angularfrequencyConstant
angularfrequency : [T⁻¹A], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹]
angularfrequency(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = angle(U,S)/time(U,S)
angularfrequency(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/angularfrequency(U,S)
T⁻¹A [ħ⁻¹𝘤²mₑ⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified

Circular radian frequency (rad⋅Hz or rad⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> angularfrequency(IAU,Metric) day⋅s⁻¹
2⁻⁷3⁻³5⁻² = 1.1574074074074075×10⁻⁵ [Hz]/[D⁻¹] IAU☉ -> Metric
MeasureSystems.frequencydriftConstant
frequencydrift : [T⁻²], [T⁻²], [T⁻²], [T⁻²], [T⁻²]
frequencydrift(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/time(U,S)^2
frequencydrift(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/frequencydrift(U,S)
T⁻² [ħ⁻²𝘤⁴mₑ²ϕ⁻²g₀⁻²] Unified

Drift of frequency per time or frequencydrift (Hz⋅s⁻¹, s⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> frequencydrift(IAU,Metric) day²⋅Hz⋅s⁻¹
2⁻¹⁴3⁻⁶5⁻⁴ = 1.3395919067215363×10⁻¹⁰ [Hz⋅s⁻¹]/[D⁻²] IAU☉ -> Metric
MeasureSystems.stagnanceConstant
stagnance : [L⁻¹T], [L⁻¹T], [L⁻¹T], [L⁻¹T], [L⁻¹T]
stagnance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = lightspeed(U)/lightspeed(S)
stagnance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/stagnance(U,S)
L⁻¹T [𝘤⁻¹] Unified

Stagnance or time per length (s⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> stagnance(CGS,Metric) # cm⋅m⁻¹
2²5² = 100.0 [m⁻¹]/[cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> stagnance(IAU,Metric) # au⋅s⋅day⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
au⁻¹2⁷3³5² = 5.77548327364(12) × 10⁻⁷ [m⁻¹s]/[au⁻¹D] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> stagnance(English,Metric) # ft⋅m⁻¹
ft⁻¹ = 3.280839895013123 [m⁻¹]/[ft⁻¹] English -> Metric

julia> stagnance(Survey,English) # ftUS⋅ft⁻¹
ft⋅ftUS⁻¹ = 0.9999980000000002 [ft⁻¹]/[ft⁻¹] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.speedConstant
speed : [LT⁻¹], [LT⁻¹], [LT⁻¹], [LT⁻¹], [LT⁻¹]
speed(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = lightspeed(S)/lightspeed(U)
speed(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/speed(U,S)
LT⁻¹ [𝘤] Unified

Velocity or length per time or speed (m⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> speed(CGS,Metric) # m⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric

julia> speed(IAU,Metric) # m⋅day⋅s⁻¹⋅au⁻¹
au⋅2⁻⁷3⁻³5⁻² = 1.731456836806(35) × 10⁶ [m⋅s⁻¹]/[au⋅D⁻¹] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> speed(English,Metric) # m⋅ft⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric

julia> speed(Survey,English) # ft⋅ftUS⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.accelerationConstant
acceleration : [LT⁻²], [LT⁻²], [LT⁻²], [LT⁻²], [LT⁻²]
acceleration(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = speed(U,S)/time(U,S)
acceleration(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/acceleration(U,S)
LT⁻² [ħ⁻¹𝘤³mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified

Specific force or speed per time or acceleration (m⋅s⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> acceleration(CGS,Metric) # m⋅s⁻¹⋅gal⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric

julia> acceleration(IAU,Metric) # m⋅day²⋅s⁻²⋅au⁻¹
au⋅2⁻¹⁴3⁻⁶5⁻⁴ = 20.0400096852500(40) [m⋅s⁻²]/[au⋅D⁻²] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> acceleration(English,Metric) # m⋅ft⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric

julia> acceleration(Survey,English) # ft⋅ftUS⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.jerkConstant
jerk : [LT⁻³], [LT⁻³], [LT⁻³], [LT⁻³], [LT⁻³]
jerk(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = speed(U,S)/time(U,S)^2
jerk(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/jerk(U,S)
LT⁻³ [ħ⁻²𝘤⁵mₑ²ϕ⁻²g₀⁻²] Unified

Jolt or acceleration per time or jerk (m⋅s⁻³), unit conversion factor.

julia> jerk(CGS,Metric) # m⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric

julia> jerk(IAU,Metric) # m⋅day³⋅s⁻³⋅au⁻¹
au⋅2⁻²¹3⁻⁹5⁻⁶ = 0.0002319445565422(47) [m⋅s⁻³]/[au⋅D⁻³] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> jerk(English,Metric) # m⋅ft⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric

julia> jerk(Survey,English) # ft⋅ftUS⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.snapConstant
snap : [LT⁻⁴], [LT⁻⁴], [LT⁻⁴], [LT⁻⁴], [LT⁻⁴]
snap(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = speed(U,S)/time(U,S)^3
snap(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/snap(U,S)
LT⁻⁴ [ħ⁻³𝘤⁷mₑ³ϕ⁻³g₀⁻³] Unified

Jounce or jerk per time or snap (m⋅s⁻⁴), unit conversion factor.

julia> snap(CGS,Metric) # m⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric

julia> snap(IAU,Metric) # m⋅day⁴⋅s⁻⁴⋅au⁻¹
au⋅2⁻²⁸3⁻¹²5⁻⁸ = 2.684543478498(54) × 10⁻⁹ [m⋅s⁻⁴]/[au⋅D⁻⁴] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> snap(English,Metric) # m⋅ft⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric

julia> snap(Survey,English) # ft⋅ftUS⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.crackleConstant
crackle : [LT⁻⁵], [LT⁻⁵], [LT⁻⁵], [LT⁻⁵], [LT⁻⁵]
crackle(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = speed(U,S)/time(U,S)^4
crackle(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/crackle(U,S)
LT⁻⁵ [ħ⁻⁴𝘤⁹mₑ⁴ϕ⁻⁴g₀⁻⁴] Unified

A snap per time or crackle (m⋅s⁻⁵), unit conversion factor.

julia> crackle(CGS,Metric) # m⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric

julia> crackle(IAU,Metric) # m⋅day⁵⋅s⁻⁵⋅au⁻¹
au⋅2⁻³⁵3⁻¹⁵5⁻¹⁰ = 3.107110507521(62) × 10⁻¹⁴ [m⋅s⁻⁵]/[au⋅D⁻⁵] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> crackle(English,Metric) # m⋅ft⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric

julia> crackle(Survey,English) # ft⋅ftUS⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.popConstant
pop : [LT⁻⁶], [LT⁻⁶], [LT⁻⁶], [LT⁻⁶], [LT⁻⁶]
pop(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = speed(U,S)/time(U,S)^5
pop(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/pop(U,S)
LT⁻⁶ [ħ⁻⁵𝘤¹¹mₑ⁵ϕ⁻⁵g₀⁻⁵] Unified

A crackle per time or pop (m⋅s⁻⁶), unit conversion factor.

julia> pop(CGS,Metric) # m⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric

julia> pop(IAU,Metric) # m⋅day⁶⋅s⁻⁶⋅au⁻¹
au⋅2⁻⁴²3⁻¹⁸5⁻¹² = 3.596192717038(72) × 10⁻¹⁹ [m⋅s⁻⁶]/[au⋅D⁻⁶] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> pop(English,Metric) # m⋅ft⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric

julia> pop(Survey,English) # ft⋅ftUS⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.volumeflowConstant
volumeflow : [L³T⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹]
volumeflow(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = area(U,S)*speed(U,S)
volumeflow(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/volumeflow(U,S)
L³T⁻¹ [ħ²𝘤⁻¹mₑ⁻²ϕ²g₀²] Unified

Volumetric flow rate or volumeflow (m³⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> volumeflow(CGS,Metric) # m³⋅cm⁻³
2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 1.0×10⁻⁶ [m³]/[mL] Gauss -> Metric

julia> volumeflow(English,Metric) # m³⋅ft⁻³
ft³ = 0.028316846592000004 [m³]/[ft³] English -> Metric

julia> volumeflow(Survey,English) # ft³⋅ftUS⁻³
ft⁻³ftUS³ = 1.0000060000239996 [ft³]/[ft³] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.etendueConstant
etendue : [L²A²], [L²], [L²], [L²], [L²]
etendue(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = area(U,S)*solidangle(U,S)
etendue(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/etendue(U,S)
L²A² [ħ²𝘤⁻²mₑ⁻²ϕ⁴g₀²] Unified

Etendue or area times solidangle (m², ft²), unit conversion factor.

julia> etendue(CGS,Metric) # m²⋅cm⁻²
2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 0.0001 [m²]/[cm²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> etendue(English,Metric) # m²⋅ft⁻²
ft² = 0.09290304 [m²]/[ft²] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.photonintensityConstant
photonintensity : [T⁻¹A⁻²], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹]
photonintensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = frequency(U,S)/solidangle(U,S)
photonintensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/photonintensity(U,S)
T⁻¹A⁻² [ħ⁻¹𝘤²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻³g₀⁻¹] Unified

Photon intensity or frequency per area (Hz⋅m⁻², m⁻²⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> photonintensity(IAU,Metric) day⋅s⁻¹
2⁻⁷3⁻³5⁻² = 1.1574074074074075×10⁻⁵ [Hz]/[D⁻¹] IAU☉ -> Metric
MeasureSystems.photonirradianceConstant
photonirradiance : [L⁻²T], [L⁻²T], [L⁻²T], [L⁻²T], [L⁻²T]
photonirradiance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/area(U,S)/time(U,S)
photonirradiance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/photonirradiance(U,S)
L⁻²T [ħ⁻¹mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified

Photon flux or frequency per area (Hz⋅m⁻², m⁻²⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> photonirradiance(CGS,Metric) # cm²⋅m⁻²
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [m⁻²]/[cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> photonirradiance(English,Metric) # ft²⋅m⁻²
ft⁻² = 10.76391041670972 [m⁻²]/[ft⁻²] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.photonradianceConstant
photonradiance : [L⁻²TA⁻²], [L⁻²T], [L⁻²T], [L⁻²T], [L⁻²T]
photonradiance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = photonirradiance(U,S)/solidangle(U,S)
photonradiance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/photonradiance(U,S)
L⁻²TA⁻² [ħ⁻¹mₑ⋅ϕ⁻³g₀⁻¹] Unified

Photon radiance or photonirradiance per solidangle (Hz⋅m⁻², m⁻²⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> photonradiance(CGS,Metric) # cm²⋅m⁻²
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [m⁻²]/[cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> photonradiance(English,Metric) # ft²⋅m⁻²
ft⁻² = 10.76391041670972 [m⁻²]/[ft⁻²] English -> Metric

Mechanical Units

MeasureSystems.inertiaConstant
inertia : [FL⁻¹T²], [FL⁻¹T²], [M], [M], [M]
inertia(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)/gravity(U,S)
inertia(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/inertia(U,S)
FL⁻¹T² [mₑ⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified

Inertal mass or matter quantity or resistance to aceleration (kg), unit conversion factor.

julia> inertia(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> inertia(CODATA,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK⋅KJ²2⁻² = 1.000000017(12) [N]/[N] CODATA -> Metric

julia> inertia(Conventional,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK90⋅KJ90²2⁻² = 1.000000195536555 [N]/[N] Conventional -> Metric

julia> inertia(English,Metric) # kg⋅slug⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻¹lb = 14.593902937206364 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⁻¹] English -> Metric

julia> inertia(IAU,Metric) # kg⋅m⊙⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⁻¹au³kG²mP²τ³2⁻²⁸3⁻¹⁴5⁻¹⁰ = 1.988409(44) × 10³⁰ [kg]/[M☉] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> inertia(PlanckGauss,Metric) # kg⋅mP⁻¹
mP = 2.176434(24) × 10⁻⁸ [kg]/[mP] PlanckGauss -> Metric
MeasureSystems.massConstant
mass : [M], [FL⁻¹T²], [M], [M], [M]
mass(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = electronmass(S)/electronmass(U)
mass(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/mass(U,S)
M [mₑ] Unified

Inertal mass or matter quantity or resistance to aceleration (kg), unit conversion factor.

julia> mass(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [kg]/[g] Gauss -> Metric

julia> mass(CODATA,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK⋅KJ²2⁻² = 1.000000017(12) [kg]/[kg] CODATA -> Metric

julia> mass(Conventional,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK90⋅KJ90²2⁻² = 1.000000195536555 [kg]/[kg] Conventional -> Metric

julia> mass(English,Metric) # kg⋅slug⁻¹
lb = 0.45359237 [kg]/[lbm] English -> Metric

julia> mass(IAU,Metric) # kg⋅m⊙⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⁻¹au³kG²mP²τ³2⁻²⁸3⁻¹⁴5⁻¹⁰ = 1.988409(44) × 10³⁰ [kg]/[M☉] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> mass(PlanckGauss,Metric) # kg⋅mP⁻¹
mP = 2.176434(24) × 10⁻⁸ [kg]/[mP] PlanckGauss -> Metric
MeasureSystems.massflowConstant
massflow : [MT⁻¹], [FL⁻¹T], [MT⁻¹], [MT⁻¹], [MT⁻¹]
massflow(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)/time(U,S)
massflow(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/massflow(U,S)
MT⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹𝘤²mₑ²ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified

Rate of massflow or mass per time (kg⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> massflow(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [kg]/[g] Gauss -> Metric

julia> massflow(CODATA,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK⋅KJ²2⁻² = 1.000000017(12) [kg]/[kg] CODATA -> Metric

julia> massflow(Conventional,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK90⋅KJ90²2⁻² = 1.000000195536555 [kg]/[kg] Conventional -> Metric

julia> massflow(English,Metric) # kg⋅slug⁻¹
lb = 0.45359237 [kg]/[lbm] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.lineardensityConstant
lineardensity : [ML⁻¹], [FL⁻²T²], [ML⁻¹], [ML⁻¹], [ML⁻¹]
lineardensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)/length(U,S)
lineardensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/lineardensity(U,S)
ML⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹𝘤⋅mₑ²ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified

Amount of lineardensity or mass per length (kg⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> lineardensity(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅cm¹⋅g⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.1 [kg⋅m⁻¹]/[g⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> lineardensity(CGS,British) # slug⋅cm¹⋅g⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft²lb⁻¹2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.002088543423315013 [lb⋅ft⁻²s²]/[g⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> British

julia> lineardensity(English,Metric) # kg⋅ft¹⋅lb⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
ft⁻¹lb = 1.4881639435695537 [kg⋅m⁻¹]/[lbm⋅ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.areadensityConstant
areadensity : [ML⁻²], [FL⁻³T²], [ML⁻²], [ML⁻²], [ML⁻²]
areadensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)/area(U,S)
areadensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/areadensity(U,S)
ML⁻² [ħ⁻²𝘤²mₑ³ϕ⁻²g₀⁻²] Unified

Surface or areadensity or mass per area (kg⋅m⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> areadensity(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅cm²⋅g⁻¹⋅m⁻²
2⋅5 = 10.0 [kg⋅m⁻²]/[g⋅cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> areadensity(CGS,English) # lb⋅cm²⋅g⁻¹⋅ft⁻²
ft²lb⁻¹2⋅5 = 2.048161436225217 [lbm⋅ft⁻²]/[g⋅cm⁻²] Gauss -> English

julia> areadensity(English,Metric) # kg⋅ft²⋅lb⁻¹⋅m⁻²
ft⁻²lb = 4.88242763638305 [kg⋅m⁻²]/[lbm⋅ft⁻²] English -> Metric

julia> areadensity(British,Metric) # kg⋅ft²⋅slug⁻¹⋅m⁻²
g₀⋅ft⁻³lb = 157.08746384624618 [kg⋅m⁻²]/[lb⋅ft⁻³s²] British -> Metric
MeasureSystems.densityConstant
density : [ML⁻³], [FL⁻⁴T²], [ML⁻³], [ML⁻³], [ML⁻³]
density(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)/volume(U,S)
density(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/density(U,S)
ML⁻³ [ħ⁻³𝘤³mₑ⁴ϕ⁻³g₀⁻³] Unified

Specific mass or mass per volume or density (kg⋅m⁻³), unit conversion factor.

julia> density(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅cm³⋅g⁻¹⋅m⁻³
2³5³ = 1000.0 [kg⋅m⁻³]/[g⋅cm⁻³] Gauss -> Metric

julia> density(CGS,Brtish) # slug⋅cm³⋅g⁻¹⋅ft⁻³
g₀⁻¹ft⁴lb⁻¹2³5³ = 1.940320331979716 [slug⋅ft⁻³]/[g⋅cm⁻³] Gauss -> British

julia> density(English,Metric) # kg⋅ft³⋅lb⁻¹⋅m⁻³
ft⁻³lb = 16.018463373960138 [kg⋅m⁻³]/[lbm⋅ft⁻³] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.specificweightConstant
specificweight : [FL⁻³], [FL⁻³], [ML⁻²T⁻²], [ML⁻²T⁻²], [ML⁻²T⁻²]
specificweight(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = force(U,S)/volume(U,S)
specificweight(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificweight(U,S)
FL⁻³ [ħ⁻⁴𝘤⁶mₑ⁵ϕ⁻⁴g₀⁻⁵] Unified

Specific weight or force per volume (N⋅m⁻³ or lb⋅ft⁻³), unit conversion factor.

julia> specificweight(CGS,Metric) # N⋅cm³⋅dyn⁻¹⋅m⁻³
2⋅5 = 10.0 [kg⋅m⁻²s⁻²]/[g⋅cm⁻²s⁻²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> specificweight(CGS,Brtish) # lb⋅cm³⋅dyn⁻¹⋅ft⁻³
g₀⁻¹ft³lb⁻¹2⋅5 = 0.0636588035426416 [lb⋅ft⁻³]/[g⋅cm⁻²s⁻²] Gauss -> British

julia> specificweight(English,Metric) # N⋅ft³⋅lb⁻¹⋅m⁻³
g₀⋅ft⁻³lb = 157.08746384624618 [kg⋅m⁻²s⁻²]/[lbf⋅ft⁻³] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.specificvolumeConstant
specificvolume : [M⁻¹L³], [F⁻¹L⁴T⁻²], [M⁻¹L³], [M⁻¹L³], [M⁻¹L³]
specificvolume(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = volume(U,S)/mass(U,S)
specificvolume(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificvolume(U,S)
M⁻¹L³ [ħ³𝘤⁻³mₑ⁻⁴ϕ³g₀³] Unified

Reciprocal density or volume per mass or specificvolume (m³⋅kg), unit conversion factor.

julia> specificvolume(CGS,Metric) # g⋅m³⋅kg⁻¹⋅cm⁻³
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [kg⁻¹m³]/[g⁻¹cm³] Gauss -> Metric

julia> specificvolume(CGS,British) # kg⋅ft³⋅slug⁻¹⋅cm⁻³
g₀⋅ft⁻⁴lb⋅2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.5153788183931961 [lb⁻¹ft⁴s⁻²]/[g⁻¹cm³] Gauss -> British

julia> specificvolume(English,Metric) # lb⋅m³⋅kg⁻¹⋅ft⁻³
ft³lb⁻¹ = 0.062427960576144616 [kg⁻¹m³]/[lbm⁻¹ft³] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.forceConstant
force : [F], [F], [MLT⁻²], [MLT⁻²], [MLT⁻²]
force(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = inertia(U,S)*acceleration(U,S)
force(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/force(U,S)
F [ħ⁻¹𝘤³mₑ²ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻²] Unified

Weight or force or inertia times acceleration (N, kg⋅m⋅s⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> force(CGS,Metric) # N⋅dyn⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [N]/[dyn] Gauss -> Metric

julia> force(CGS,English) # lb⋅dyn⁻¹
g₀⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 2.248089430997105×10⁻⁶ [lbf]/[dyn] Gauss -> English

julia> force(English,Metric) # N⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅lb = 4.4482216152605 [N]/[lbf] English -> Metric

julia> force(FPS,Metric) # pdl⋅N⁻¹
ft⋅lb = 0.13825495437600002 [N]/[pdl] FPS -> Metric

julia> force(Engineering,Metric) # kp⋅N⁻¹
g₀ = 9.80665 [N]/[kgf] Engineering -> Metric
MeasureSystems.specificforceConstant
specificforce : [FM⁻¹], [LT⁻²], [LT⁻²], [LT⁻²], [LT⁻²]
specificforce(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = acceleration(U,S)/gravity(U,S)
specificforce(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificforce(U,S)
FM⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹𝘤³mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻²] Unified

Weight or force per mass or gforce (N/kg, m⋅s⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> specificforce(CGS,Metric)
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m⋅s⁻²]/[gal] Gauss -> Metric

julia> specificforce(Engineering,Metric)
g₀ = 9.80665 [N]/[kgf] Engineering -> Metric

julia> specificforce(English,Metric)
g₀ = 9.80665 [m⋅s⁻²]/[g₀] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.gravityforceConstant
gravityforce : [F⁻¹MLT⁻²], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙]
gravityforce(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = acceleration(U,S)/specificforce(U,S)
gravityforce(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/gravityforce(U,S)
F⁻¹MLT⁻² [g₀] Unified

Reference acceleration per specificforce (𝟏, F⁻¹MLT⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> gravityforce(Metric,CGS)
𝟏 = 1.0 [s²]/[s²] Metric -> Gauss

julia> gravityforce(Metric,Engineering)
g₀ = 9.80665 [kgf⁻¹]/[N⁻¹] Metric -> Engineering

julia> gravityforce(Metric,English)
g₀⋅ft⁻¹ = 32.17404855643044 [lbf⁻¹lbm⋅ft]/[s²] Metric -> English
MeasureSystems.pressureConstant
pressure : [FL⁻²], [FL⁻²], [ML⁻¹T⁻²], [ML⁻¹T⁻²], [ML⁻¹T⁻²]
pressure(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = force(U,S)/area(U,S)
pressure(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/pressure(U,S)
FL⁻² [ħ⁻³𝘤⁵mₑ⁴ϕ⁻³g₀⁻⁴] Unified

Pressure or stress or force per area (Pa, N⋅m⁻², kg⋅m⁻¹⋅s⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> pressure(CGS,Metric) # Pa⋅Ba⁻¹
2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.1 [Pa]/[Ba] Gauss -> Metric

julia> 1/atm # Pa⋅atm⁻¹
atm⁻¹ = 9.869232667160129×10⁻⁶

julia> pressure(English,Metric) # Pa⋅ft²⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻²lb = 47.88025898033583 [Pa]/[lbf⋅ft⁻²] English -> Metric

julia> pressure(Metric,IPS) # psi⋅Pa⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft²lb⁻¹2⁻⁴3⁻² = 0.0001450377377302092 [lb⋅in⁻²]/[Pa] Metric -> IPS
MeasureSystems.compressibilityConstant
compressibility : [F⁻¹L²], [F⁻¹L²], [M⁻¹LT²], [M⁻¹LT²], [M⁻¹LT²]
compressibility(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/pressure(U,S)
compressibility(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/compressibility(U,S)
F⁻¹L² [ħ³𝘤⁻⁵mₑ⁻⁴ϕ³g₀⁴] Unified

Relative volume change or compressibility (Pa⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> compressibility(CGS,Metric) # Ba⋅Pa⁻¹
2⋅5 = 10.0 [Pa⁻¹]/[Ba⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> compressibility(English,Metric) # lb⋅ft⁻²⋅Pa⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft²lb⁻¹ = 0.02088543423315013 [Pa⁻¹]/[lbf⁻¹ft²] English -> Metric

julia> compressibility(Metric,IPS) # Pa⋅psi⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻²lb⋅2⁴3² = 6894.75729316836 [lb⁻¹in²]/[Pa⁻¹] Metric -> IPS
MeasureSystems.viscosityConstant
viscosity : [FL⁻²T], [FL⁻²T], [ML⁻¹T⁻¹], [ML⁻¹T⁻¹], [ML⁻¹T⁻¹]
viscosity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = inertia(U,S)/length(U,S)/time(U,S)
viscosity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/viscosity(U,S)
FL⁻²T [ħ⁻²𝘤³mₑ³ϕ⁻²g₀⁻³] Unified

Resistance to deformation or viscosity (Pa⋅s, kg⋅m⁻¹⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> viscosity(CGS,Metric) # Pa⋅Ba⁻¹
2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.1 [Pa]/[Ba] Gauss -> Metric

julia> viscosity(English,Metric) # Pa⋅ft²⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻²lb = 47.88025898033583 [Pa]/[lbf⋅ft⁻²] English -> Metric

julia> viscosity(British,Metric) # Pa⋅ft²⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻²lb = 47.88025898033583 [Pa]/[lb⋅ft⁻²] British -> Metric
MeasureSystems.diffusivityConstant
diffusivity : [L²T⁻¹], [L²T⁻¹], [L²T⁻¹], [L²T⁻¹], [L²T⁻¹]
diffusivity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = speed(U,S)*length(U,S)
diffusivity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/diffusivity(U,S)
L²T⁻¹ [ħ⋅mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅g₀] Unified

Thermal diffusivity or kinematic viscostiy (m²⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> diffusivity(CGS,Metric) # m²⋅cm⁻²
2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 0.0001 [m²]/[cm²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> diffusivity(English,Metric) # m²⋅ft⁻²
ft² = 0.09290304 [m²]/[ft²] English -> Metric

julia> diffusivity(Survey,English) # ft²⋅ftUS⁻²
ft⁻²ftUS² = 1.0000040000119996 [ft²]/[ft²] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.rotationalinertiaConstant
rotationalinertia : [ML²], [FLT²], [ML²], [ML²], [ML²]
rotationalinertia(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)*area(U,S)
rotationalinertia(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/rotationalinertia(U,S)
ML² [ħ²𝘤⁻²mₑ⁻¹ϕ²g₀²] Unified

Moment of inertia or rotationalinertia (kg⋅m²), unit conversion factor.

julia> rotationalinertia(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅m²⋅g⁻¹⋅cm⁻²
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [kg⋅m²]/[g⋅cm²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> rotationalinertia(CGS,British) # slug⋅ft²⋅g⁻¹⋅cm⁻²
g₀⁻¹ft⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 7.375621492772652×10⁻⁸ [lb⋅ft⋅s²]/[g⋅cm²] Gauss -> British

julia> rotationalinertia(English,Metric) # kg⋅m²⋅lb⁻¹⋅ft⁻²
ft²lb = 0.042140110093804806 [kg⋅m²]/[lbm⋅ft²] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.impulseConstant
impulse : [FT], [FT], [MLT⁻¹], [MLT⁻¹], [MLT⁻¹]
impulse(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = force(U,S)*time(U,S)
impulse(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/impulse(U,S)
FT [𝘤⋅mₑ⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified

Linear impulse or force times time (N⋅s, kg⋅m⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> impulse(CGS,Metric) # N⋅dyn⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [N]/[dyn] Gauss -> Metric

julia> impulse(CGS,English) # lb⋅dyn⁻¹
g₀⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 2.248089430997105×10⁻⁶ [lbf]/[dyn] Gauss -> English

julia> impulse(English,Metric) # N⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅lb = 4.4482216152605 [N]/[lbf] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.momentumConstant
momentum : [MLT⁻¹], [FT], [MLT⁻¹], [MLT⁻¹], [MLT⁻¹]
momentum(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)*speed(U,S)
momentum(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/momentum(U,S)
MLT⁻¹ [𝘤⋅mₑ] Unified

Linear momentum or mass times speed (N⋅s, kg⋅m⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> momentum(CGS,Metric) # N⋅dyn⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [kg⋅m]/[g⋅cm] Gauss -> Metric

julia> momentum(CGS,English) # lb⋅dyn⁻¹
ft⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 7.233013851209893×10⁻⁵ [lbm⋅ft]/[g⋅cm] Gauss -> English

julia> momentum(British,Metric) # N⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅lb = 4.4482216152605 [kg⋅m]/[lb⋅s²] British -> Metric
MeasureSystems.angularmomentumConstant
angularmomentum : [FLTA⁻¹], [FLT], [ML²T⁻¹], [ML²T⁻¹], [ML²T⁻¹]
angularmomentum(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = impulse(U,S)*length(U,S)/angle(U,S)
angularmomentum(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/angularmomentum(U,S)
FLTA⁻¹ [ħ] Unified

Rotational momentum or angularmomentum (N⋅m⋅s, kg⋅m²⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> momentum(CGS,Metric) # N⋅m⋅dyn⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [kg⋅m]/[g⋅cm] Gauss -> Metric

julia> momentum(CGS,English) # lb⋅ft⋅dyn⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
ft⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 7.233013851209893×10⁻⁵ [lbm⋅ft]/[g⋅cm] Gauss -> English

julia> momentum(British,Metric) # N⋅m⋅lb⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹
g₀⋅lb = 4.4482216152605 [kg⋅m]/[lb⋅s²] British -> Metric
MeasureSystems.yankConstant
yank : [MLT⁻³], [FT⁻¹], [MLT⁻³], [MLT⁻³], [MLT⁻³]
yank(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)*jerk(U,S)
yank(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/yank(U,S)
MLT⁻³ [ħ⁻²𝘤⁵mₑ³ϕ⁻²g₀⁻²] Unified

Rate of change of force or yank (N⋅s⁻¹, kg⋅m⋅s⁻³), unit conversion factor.

julia> yank(CGS,Metric) # N⋅dyn⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [kg⋅m]/[g⋅cm] Gauss -> Metric

julia> yank(CGS,English) # lb⋅dyn⁻¹
ft⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 7.233013851209893×10⁻⁵ [lbm⋅ft]/[g⋅cm] Gauss -> English

julia> yank(British,Metric) # N⋅lb⁻¹⋅
g₀⋅lb = 4.4482216152605 [kg⋅m]/[lb⋅s²] British -> Metric
MeasureSystems.energyConstant
energy : [FL], [FL], [ML²T⁻²], [ML²T⁻²], [ML²T⁻²]
energy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)*specificenergy(U,S)
energy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/energy(U,S)
FL [𝘤²mₑ⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified

Work or heat or energy (J, N⋅m, kg⋅m²⋅s⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> energy(CGS,Metric) # J⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric

julia> energy(CGS,English) # ft⋅lb⋅erg⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 7.375621492772652×10⁻⁸ [lbf⋅ft]/[erg] Gauss -> English

julia> energy(English,Metric) # J⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⋅lb = 1.3558179483314003 [J]/[lbf⋅ft] English -> Metric

julia> 0.001/3600 # J⋅kW⁻¹⋅h⁻¹
2.7777777777777776e-7

julia> 1/elementarycharge(SI2019) # J⋅eV⁻¹
𝘦⁻¹ = 6.241509074460763×10¹⁸ [C⁻¹] SI2019
MeasureSystems.specificenergyConstant
specificenergy : [FM⁻¹L], [L²T⁻²], [L²T⁻²], [L²T⁻²], [L²T⁻²]
specificenergy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = speed(U,S)^2/gravity(U,S)
specificenergy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificenergy(U,S)
FM⁻¹L [𝘤²g₀⁻¹] Unified

Massic energy or energy per mass or specificenergy (J⋅kg⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> specificenergy(CGS,Metric) # m²⋅cm⁻²
2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 0.0001 [J⋅kg⁻¹]/[erg⋅g⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> specificenergy(IAU,Metric) # m²⋅day²⋅s⁻²⋅au⁻²
au²2⁻¹⁴3⁻⁶5⁻⁴ = 2.99794277772(12) × 10¹² [J⋅kg⁻¹]/[au²D⁻²] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> specificenergy(English,Metric) # m²⋅ft⁻²
g₀⋅ft = 2.98906692 [J⋅kg⁻¹]/[lbf⋅lbm⁻¹ft] English -> Metric

julia> specificenergy(Survey,English) # ft²⋅ftUS⁻²
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.actionConstant
action : [FLT], [FLT], [ML²T⁻¹], [ML²T⁻¹], [ML²T⁻¹]
action(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = energy(U,S)*time(U,S)
action(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/action(U,S)
FLT [ħ⋅ϕ] Unified

Integrated momentum over length or action (J⋅s, N⋅m⋅s), unit conversion factor.

julia> action(CGS,Metric) # J⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric

julia> action(CGS,English) # ft⋅lb⋅erg⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 7.375621492772652×10⁻⁸ [lbf⋅ft]/[erg] Gauss -> English

julia> action(English,Metric) # J⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⋅lb = 1.3558179483314003 [J]/[lbf⋅ft] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.fluenceConstant
fluence : [FL⁻¹], [FL⁻¹], [MT⁻²], [MT⁻²], [MT⁻²]
fluence(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = energy(U,S)/area(U,S
fluence(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/fluence(U,S)
FL⁻¹ [ħ⁻²𝘤⁴mₑ³ϕ⁻²g₀⁻³] Unified

Radiant exposure or force per length or stiffness (N⋅m⁻¹, J⋅m⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> fluence(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [kg]/[g] Gauss -> Metric

julia> fluence(CGS,English) # lb⋅g⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⋅lb⁻¹2⁻³5⁻³ = 6.852176585679177×10⁻⁵ [lbf⋅ft⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> English

julia> fluence(CODATA,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK⋅KJ²2⁻² = 1.000000017(12) [kg]/[kg] CODATA -> Metric

julia> fluence(Conventional,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK90⋅KJ90²2⁻² = 1.000000195536555 [N]/[N] Conventional -> Metric

julia> fluence(English,Metric) # kg⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻¹lb = 14.593902937206364 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.powerConstant
power : [FLT⁻¹], [FLT⁻¹], [ML²T⁻³], [ML²T⁻³], [ML²T⁻³]
power(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = energy(U,S)/time(U,S))
power(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/power(U,S)
FLT⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹𝘤⁴mₑ²ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻²] Unified

Radiant flux or power or energy per time (W, J⋅s⁻¹, kg⋅m²⋅s⁻³), unit conversion factor.

julia> power(CGS,Metric) # W⋅s⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric

julia> power(English,Metric) # W⋅s⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⋅lb = 1.3558179483314003 [J]/[lbf⋅ft] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.powerdensityConstant
powerdensity : [FL⁻²T⁻¹], [FL⁻²T⁻¹], [ML⁻¹T⁻³], [ML⁻¹T⁻³], [ML⁻¹T⁻³]
powerdensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = power(U,S)/volume(U,S)
powerdensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/powerdensity(U,S)
FL⁻²T⁻¹ [ħ⁻⁴𝘤⁷mₑ⁵ϕ⁻⁴g₀⁻⁵] Unified

Spectral irradiance (volume) or powerdensity (W⋅m⁻³), unit conversion factor.

julia> powerdensity(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅cm⋅g⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.1 [Pa]/[Ba] Gauss -> Metric

julia> powerdensity(CGS,English) # lb⋅cm⋅g⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft²lb⁻¹2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.002088543423315013 [lbf⋅ft⁻²]/[Ba] Gauss -> English

julia> powerdensity(English,Metric) # kg⋅ft⋅lb⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻²lb = 47.88025898033583 [Pa]/[lbf⋅ft⁻²] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.irradianceConstant
irradiance : [FL⁻¹T⁻¹], [FL⁻¹T⁻¹], [MT⁻³], [MT⁻³], [MT⁻³]
irradiance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = power(U,S)/area(U,S)
irradiance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/irradiance(U,S)
FL⁻¹T⁻¹ [ħ⁻³𝘤⁶mₑ⁴ϕ⁻³g₀⁻⁴] Unified

Heat flux density or irradiance or power per area (W⋅m⁻², kg⋅s⁻³), unit conversion factor.

julia> irradiance(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> irradiance(CGS,English) # lb⋅g⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⋅lb⁻¹2⁻³5⁻³ = 6.852176585679177×10⁻⁵ [lbf⋅ft⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> English

julia> irradiance(English,Metric) # kg⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻¹lb = 14.593902937206364 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.radianceConstant
radiance : [FL⁻¹T⁻¹A⁻²], [FL⁻¹T⁻¹], [MT⁻³], [MT⁻³], [MT⁻³]
radiance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = irradiance(U,S)/solidangle(U,S)
radiance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/radiance(U,S)
FL⁻¹T⁻¹A⁻² [ħ⁻³𝘤⁶mₑ⁴ϕ⁻⁵g₀⁻⁴] Unified

Radiance or irradiance per solidangle (W⋅m⁻²⋅sr⁻¹, kg⋅s⁻³⋅sr⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> radiance(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> radiance(CGS,English) # lb⋅g⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⋅lb⁻¹2⁻³5⁻³ = 6.852176585679177×10⁻⁵ [lbf⋅ft⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> English

julia> radiance(English,Metric) # kg⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻¹lb = 14.593902937206364 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.radiantintensityConstant
radiantintensity : [FLT⁻¹A⁻²], [FLT⁻¹], [ML²T⁻³], [ML²T⁻³], [ML²T⁻³]
radiantintensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = power(U,S)/solidangle(U,S)
radiantintensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/radiantintensity(U,S)
FLT⁻¹A⁻² [ħ⁻¹𝘤⁴mₑ²ϕ⁻³g₀⁻²] Unified

Radiant intensity or power per solidangle (W⋅sr⁻¹, W⋅rad⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> radiantintensity(CGS,Metric) # W⋅s⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric

julia> radiantintensity(English,Metric) # W⋅s⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⋅lb = 1.3558179483314003 [J]/[lbf⋅ft] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.spectralfluxConstant
spectralflux : [FT⁻¹], [FT⁻¹], [MLT⁻³], [MLT⁻³], [MLT⁻³]
spectralflux(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = power(U,S)/length(U,S)
spectralflux(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/spectralflux(U,S)
FT⁻¹ [ħ⁻²𝘤⁵mₑ³ϕ⁻²g₀⁻³] Unified

Spectral power or power per wave length (W⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> spectralflux(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅m⋅g⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [N]/[dyn] Gauss -> Metric

julia> spectralflux(CGS,English) # lb⋅ft⋅g⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
g₀⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 2.248089430997105×10⁻⁶ [lbf]/[dyn] Gauss -> English

julia> spectralflux(English,Metric) # kg⋅m⋅lb⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹
g₀⋅lb = 4.4482216152605 [N]/[lbf] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.spectralexposureConstant
spectralexposure : [FL⁻¹T], [FL⁻¹T], [MT⁻¹], [MT⁻¹], [MT⁻¹]
spectralexposure(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = force(U,S)/speed(U,S)
spectralexposure(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/spectralexposure(U,S)
FL⁻¹T [ħ⁻¹𝘤²mₑ²ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻²] Unified

Spectral exposure or fluence per frequency (N⋅s⋅m⁻¹, J⋅s⋅m⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> spectralexposure(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> spectralexposure(CGS,English) # lb⋅g⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⋅lb⁻¹2⁻³5⁻³ = 6.852176585679177×10⁻⁵ [lbf⋅ft⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> English

julia> spectralexposure(CODATA,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK⋅KJ²2⁻² = 1.000000017(12) [N]/[N] CODATA -> Metric

julia> spectralexposure(Conventional,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK90⋅KJ90²2⁻² = 1.000000195536555 [N]/[N] Conventional -> Metric

julia> spectralexposure(English,Metric) # kg⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻¹lb = 14.593902937206364 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.soundexposureConstant
soundexposure : [F²L⁻⁴T], [F²L⁻⁴T], [M²L⁻²T⁻³], [M²L⁻²T⁻³], [M²L⁻²T⁻³]
soundexposure(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = pressure(U,S)^2*time(U,S)
soundexposure(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/soundexposure(U,S)
F²L⁻⁴T [ħ⁻⁵𝘤⁸mₑ⁷ϕ⁻⁵g₀⁻⁷] Unified

Square of pressure by time or soundexposure (Pa²⋅s, N²⋅m⁻⁴), unit conversion factor.

julia> soundexposure(CGS,Metric) # Pa²⋅Ba⁻²
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [kg²m⁻²s⁻⁴]/[g²cm⁻²s⁻⁴] Gauss -> Metric

julia> soundexposure(English,Metric) # Pa²⋅ft⁴⋅lb⁻²
g₀²ft⁻⁴lb² = 2292.519200024031 [kg²m⁻²s⁻⁴]/[lbf²ft⁻⁴] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.impedanceMethod
impedance : [FL⁻⁵T], [FL⁻⁵T], [ML⁻⁴T⁻¹], [ML⁻⁴T⁻¹], [ML⁻⁴T⁻¹]
impedance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = specificimpedance(U,S)/area(U,S)
impedance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/impedance(U,S)
FL⁻⁵T [ħ⁻⁵𝘤⁶mₑ⁶ϕ⁻⁵g₀⁻⁶] Unified

Acoustic impedance (Rayl⋅m⁻², Pa⋅s⋅m⁻³, kg⋅s⁻¹⋅m⁻⁴), unit conversion factor.

julia> impedance(CGS,Metric) # Pa⋅cm³⋅m⁻³⋅Ba⁻¹
2⁵5⁵ = 100000.0 [kg⋅m⁻⁴s⁻²]/[g⋅cm⁻⁴s⁻²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> impedance(English,Metric) # Pa⋅ft⁵⋅m⁻³⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻⁵lb = 1690.875388429121 [kg⋅m⁻⁴s⁻²]/[lbf⋅ft⁻⁵] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.specificimpedanceConstant
specificimpedance : [FL⁻³T], [FL⁻³T], [ML⁻²T⁻¹], [ML⁻²T⁻¹], [ML⁻²T⁻¹]
specificimpedance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = pressure(U,S)/speed(U,S)
specificimpedance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificimpedance(U,S)
FL⁻³T [ħ⁻³𝘤⁴mₑ⁴ϕ⁻³g₀⁻⁴] Unified

Characteristic specific acoustic impedance (Rayl, Pa⋅s⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> specificimpedance(CGS,Metric) # Pa⋅cm⋅m⁻¹⋅Ba⁻¹
2⋅5 = 10.0 [kg⋅m⁻²s⁻²]/[g⋅cm⁻²s⁻²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> specificimpedance(English,Metric) # Pa⋅ft³⋅m⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻³lb = 157.08746384624618 [kg⋅m⁻²s⁻²]/[lbf⋅ft⁻³] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.admittanceConstant
admittance : [F⁻¹L⁵T⁻¹], [F⁻¹L⁵T⁻¹], [M⁻¹L⁴T], [M⁻¹L⁴T], [M⁻¹L⁴T]
admittance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = area(U,S)/specificimpedance(U,S)
admittance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/admittance(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁵T⁻¹ [ħ⁵𝘤⁻⁶mₑ⁻⁶ϕ⁵g₀⁶] Unified

Acoustic admittance (m²⋅Rayl⁻¹, m³⋅s⁻¹⋅Pa⁻¹, m⁴⋅s⋅kg⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> admittance(CGS,Metric) # Ba⋅m³⋅cm⁻³⋅Pa⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [kg⁻¹m⁴s²]/[g⁻¹cm⁴s²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> admittance(English,Metric) # lb⋅m³⋅ft⁻⁵⋅Pa⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⁵lb⁻¹ = 0.0005914096371874175 [kg⁻¹m⁴s²]/[lbf⁻¹ft⁵] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.complianceConstant
compliance : [M⁻¹T²], [F⁻¹L], [M⁻¹T²], [M⁻¹T²], [M⁻¹T²]
compliance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = time(U,S)^2/mass(U,S)
compliance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/compliance(U,S)
M⁻¹T² [ħ²𝘤⁻⁴mₑ⁻³ϕ²g₀²] Unified

Acoustic compliance is reciprocal of fluence (m⋅N⁻¹, m³⋅Pa⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> compliance(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2³5³ = 1000.0 [kg⁻¹]/[g⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> compliance(CGS,English) # slug⋅g⁻¹
lb⋅2³5³ = 453.59237 [lbm⁻¹]/[g⁻¹] Gauss -> English

julia> compliance(English,Metric) # kg⋅lb⁻¹
lb⁻¹ = 2.2046226218487757 [kg⁻¹]/[lbm⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.inertanceConstant
inertance : [ML⁻⁴], [FL⁻⁵T²], [ML⁻⁴], [ML⁻⁴], [ML⁻⁴]
inertance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)/length(U,S)^4
inertance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/inertance(U,S)
ML⁻⁴ [ħ⁻⁴𝘤⁴mₑ⁵ϕ⁻⁴g₀⁻⁴] Unified

Acoustic mass or inertance (kg⋅m⁴, Pa⋅s²⋅m⁻³), unit conversion factor.

julia> inertance(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅cm⁴⋅g⁻¹⋅m⁻⁴
2⁵5⁵ = 100000.0 [kg⋅m⁻⁴]/[g⋅cm⁻⁴] Gauss -> Metric

julia> inertance(CGS,English) # slug⋅cm⁴⋅g⁻¹⋅ft⁻⁴
ft⁴lb⁻¹2⁵5⁵ = 1902.804238360888 [lbm⋅ft⁻⁴]/[g⋅cm⁻⁴] Gauss -> English

julia> inertance(English,Metric) # kg⋅ft⁴⋅lb⁻¹⋅m⁻⁴
ft⁻⁴lb = 52.55401369409494 [kg⋅m⁻⁴]/[lbm⋅ft⁻⁴] English -> Metric

Electromagnetic Units

The following unit conversions have been verified for CGS UnitSystem variants: reference information.

MeasureSystems.chargeMethod
charge : [Q], [Q], [Q], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻¹]
charge(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = sqrt(action(U,S)*current(U,S)/electricpotential(U,S))
charge(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/charge(U,S)
Q [ħ¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²ϕ¹ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹] Unified

Electric charge quantization (C, A⋅s), unit conversion factor.

julia> charge(EMU,Metric) # C⋅abC⁻¹
2⋅5 = 10.0 [C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric

julia> charge(EMU,ESU) # stC⋅abC⁻¹
𝘤⋅2²5² = 2.99792458×10¹⁰ [g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU

julia> charge(ESU,Metric) # C⋅stC⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 3.3356409519815207×10⁻¹⁰ [C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> charge(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅C⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019

julia> charge(Hartree,SI2019) # C⋅𝘦⁻¹
𝘦 = 1.602176634×10⁻¹⁹ [C]/[𝘦] Hartree -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.chargedensityConstant
chargedensity : [L⁻³Q], [L⁻³Q], [L⁻³Q], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻⁵ᐟ²], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻³ᐟ²T⁻¹]
chargedensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = charge(U,S)/volume(U,S)
chargedensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/chargedensity(U,S)
L⁻³Q [ħ⁻⁵ᐟ²𝘤⁵ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ³ϕ⁻⁵ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹g₀⁻³] Unified

Volume chargedensity or charge per volume (C⋅m⁻³), unit conversion factor.

julia> chargedensity(EMU,Metric) # C⋅cm³⋅abC⁻¹⋅m⁻³
2⁷5⁷ = 1.0×10⁷ [m⁻³C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻⁵ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric

julia> chargedensity(ESU,Metric) # C⋅cm³⋅statC⁻¹⋅m⁼³
𝘤⁻¹2⁵5⁵ = 0.00033356409519815205 [m⁻³C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> chargedensity(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅C⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.linearchargedensityConstant
linearchargedensity : [L⁻¹Q], [L⁻¹Q], [L⁻¹Q], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻¹ᐟ²], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²T⁻¹]
linearchargedensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = charge(U,S)/length(U,S)
linearchargedensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/linearchargedensity(U,S)
L⁻¹Q [ħ⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified

Amount of linearchargedensity or charge per length (C⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> linearchargedensity(EMU,Metric) # C⋅cm⋅abC⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
2³5³ = 1000.0 [m⁻¹C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric

julia> linearchargedensity(ESU,Metric) # C⋅cm⋅statC⁻¹⋅m⁼¹
𝘤⁻¹2⋅5 = 3.3356409519815205×10⁻⁸ [m⁻¹C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> linearchargedensity(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅C⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.exposureConstant
exposure : [M⁻¹Q], [F⁻¹LT⁻²Q], [M⁻¹Q], [M⁻¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²], [M⁻¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻¹]
exposure(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = charge(U,S)/mass(U,S)
exposure(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/exposure(U,S)
M⁻¹Q [ħ¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ⁻¹ϕ¹ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹] Unified

Ionizing radiation exposure or charge per mass (C⋅kg⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> exposure(EMU,Metric) # C⋅g⋅abC⁻¹⋅kg
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [kg⁻¹C]/[g⁻¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric

julia> exposure(EMU,ESU) # statC⋅abC⁻¹
𝘤⋅2²5² = 2.99792458×10¹⁰ [g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU

julia> expsure(ESU,Metric) # C⋅g⋅statC⁻¹⋅kg
𝘤⁻¹2²5² = 3.3356409519815204×10⁻⁷ [kg⁻¹C]/[g⁻¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> exposure(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅C⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.mobilityConstant
mobility : [FL³T⁻¹Q⁻¹], [FL³T⁻¹Q⁻¹], [ML⁴T⁻³Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁷ᐟ²T⁻³], [M¹ᐟ²L⁵ᐟ²T⁻²]
mobility(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = length(U,S)*speed(U,S)/electricpotential(U,S)
mobility(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/mobility(U,S)
FL³T⁻¹Q⁻¹ [ħ¹ᐟ²𝘤⁵ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²ϕ¹ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²αL] Unified

Electron mobility in solid state physics (m²⋅V⁻¹⋅s⁻¹, A⋅s⋅kg⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> mobility(EMU,Metric) # C⋅g⋅abC⁻¹⋅kg
2⁻¹²5⁻¹² = 1.0×10⁻¹² [kg⋅m⁴s⁻²C⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁷ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric

julia> mobility(EMU,ESU) # statC⋅abC⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻²5⁻² = 3.335640951981521×10⁻¹¹ [g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²s]/[g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU

julia> mobility(ESU,Metric) # C⋅g⋅statC⁻¹⋅kg
𝘤⋅2⁻¹⁰5⁻¹⁰ = 0.029979245800000002 [kg⋅m⁴s⁻²C⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁵ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> mobility(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅C⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.currentConstant
current : [T⁻¹Q], [T⁻¹Q], [T⁻¹Q], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻²]
current(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = charge(U,S)/time(U,S)
current(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/current(U,S)
T⁻¹Q [ħ⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤³ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified

Flow of electric charge per time or current (A, C⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> current(EMU,Metric) # A⋅Bi⁻¹
2⋅5 = 10.0 [C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric

julia> current(EMU,ESU) # statA⋅Bi⁻¹
𝘤⋅2²5² = 2.99792458×10¹⁰ [g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU

julia> current(ESU,Metric) # A⋅statA⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 3.3356409519815207×10⁻¹⁰ [C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> current(Metric,SI2019) # A⋅A⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.currentdensityConstant
currentdensity : [L⁻²T⁻¹Q], [L⁻²T⁻¹Q], [L⁻²T⁻¹Q], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻³ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻¹ᐟ²T⁻²]
currentdensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = current(U,S)/area(U,S)
currentdensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/currentdensity(U,S)
L⁻²T⁻¹Q [ħ⁻⁵ᐟ²𝘤⁷ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ³ϕ⁻⁵ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹g₀⁻³] Unified

Cross-section currentdensity or current per area (A⋅m⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> currentdensity(EMU,Metric) # A⋅cm²⋅Bi⁻¹⋅m⁻²
2⁵5⁵ = 100000.0 [m⁻²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric

julia> currentdensity(ESU,Metric) # A⋅cm²⋅statA⁻¹⋅m⁼²
𝘤⁻¹2³5³ = 3.3356409519815205×10⁻⁶ [m⁻²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> currentdensity(Metric,SI2019) # A⋅A⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.resistanceConstant
resistance : [FLTQ⁻²], [FLTQ⁻²], [ML²T⁻¹Q⁻²], [LT⁻¹], [L⁻¹T]
resistance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = electricpotential(U,S)/current(U,S)
resistance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/resistance(U,S)
FLTQ⁻² [𝘤⋅μ₀⋅λ⋅αL²] Unified

Electrical resistance or electricpotential per current (Ω, S⁻¹, V⋅A⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> resistance(EMU,Metric) # Ω⋅abΩ⁻¹
2⁻⁹5⁻⁹ = 1.0×10⁻⁹ [F⁻¹]/[gal] EMU -> Metric

julia> resistance(ESU,Metric) # Ω⋅statΩ⁻¹
𝘤²2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 8.987551787368176×10¹¹ [F⁻¹]/[cm⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> resistance(Metric,SI2019) # Ω⋅Ω⁻¹
𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹𝘦⁻²α⋅τ⁻¹2⁷5⁷ = 1.00000000055(15) [C⁻²]/[C⁻²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.conductanceMethod
conductance : [F⁻¹L⁻¹T⁻¹Q²], [F⁻¹L⁻¹T⁻¹Q²], [M⁻¹L⁻²TQ²], [L⁻¹T], [LT⁻¹]
conductance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = current(U,S)/electricpotential(U,S)
conductance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/conductance(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁻¹T⁻¹Q² [𝘤⁻¹μ₀⁻¹λ⁻¹αL⁻²] Unified

Electrical conductance or current per electricpotential (S, Ω⁻¹, A⋅V⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> conductance(EMU,Metric) # S⋅abS⁻¹
2⁹5⁹ = 1.0×10⁹ [F]/[cm⁻¹s²] EMU -> Metric

julia> conductance(ESU,Metric) # S⋅statS⁻¹
𝘤⁻²2⁵5⁵ = 1.1126500560536183×10⁻¹² [F]/[cm] ESU -> Metric

julia> conductance(Metric,SI2019) # S⋅S⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅𝘦²α⁻¹τ⋅2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 0.99999999945(15) [C²]/[C²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.resistivityConstant
resistivity : [FL²TQ⁻²], [FL²TQ⁻²], [ML³T⁻¹Q⁻²], [L²T⁻¹], [T]
resistivity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = resistance(U,S)*length(U,S)
resistivity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/resistivity(U,S)
FL²TQ⁻² [ħ⋅μ₀⋅mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅λ⋅αL²g₀] Unified

Electrical resistivity or resistance by length (Ω⋅m), unit conversion factor.

julia> resistance(EMU,Metric) # Ω⋅m⋅abΩ⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻⁹5⁻⁹ = 1.0×10⁻⁹ [F⁻¹]/[gal] EMU -> Metric

julia> resistance(ESU,Metric) # Ω⋅m⋅statΩ⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
𝘤²2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 8.987551787368176×10¹¹ [F⁻¹]/[cm⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> resistance(Metric,SI2019) # Ω⋅Ω⁻¹
𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹𝘦⁻²α⋅τ⁻¹2⁷5⁷ = 1.00000000055(15) [C⁻²]/[C⁻²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.conductivityConstant
conductivity : [F⁻¹L⁻²T⁻¹Q²], [F⁻¹L⁻²T⁻¹Q²], [M⁻¹L⁻³TQ²], [L⁻²T], [T⁻¹]
conductivity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = conductance(U,S)/length(U,S)
conductivity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/conductivity(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁻²T⁻¹Q² [ħ⁻¹μ₀⁻¹mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹λ⁻¹αL⁻²g₀⁻¹] Unified

Reciprocal resistivity or electrical conductivity (S⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> conductivity(EMU,Metric) # S⋅cm⋅abS⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
2¹¹5¹¹ = 1.0×10¹¹ [F⋅m⁻¹]/[cm⁻²s²] EMU -> Metric

julia> conductivity(ESU,Metric) # S⋅cm⋅statS⁻¹⋅m⁼¹
𝘤⁻²2⁷5⁷ = 1.1126500560536183×10⁻¹⁰ [F⋅m⁻¹]/[𝟙] ESU -> Metric

julia> conductivity(Metric,SI2019) # S⋅S⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅𝘦²α⁻¹τ⋅2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 0.99999999945(15) [C²]/[C²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.capacitanceConstant
capacitance : [F⁻¹L⁻¹Q²], [F⁻¹L⁻¹Q²], [M⁻¹L⁻²T²Q²], [L⁻¹T²], [L]
capacitance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = charge(U,S)/electricpotential(U,S)
capacitance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/capacitance(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁻¹Q² [ħ⋅𝘤⁻³μ₀⁻¹mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅λ⁻¹αL⁻²g₀] Unified

Electrical capactiance or charge per electricpotential (F, C⋅V⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> capacitance(EMU,Metric) # F⋅abF⁻¹
2⁹5⁹ = 1.0×10⁹ [F]/[cm⁻¹s²] EMU -> Metric

julia> capacitance(ESU,Metric) # F⋅cm⁻¹
𝘤⁻²2⁵5⁵ = 1.1126500560536183×10⁻¹² [F]/[cm] ESU -> Metric

julia> capactiance(Metric,SI2019) # F⋅F⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅𝘦²α⁻¹τ⋅2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 0.99999999945(15) [C²]/[C²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.inductanceConstant
inductance : [FLT²Q⁻²], [FLT²Q⁻²], [ML²Q⁻²], [L], [L⁻¹T²]
inductance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticflux(U,S)/current(U,S)
inductance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/inductance(U,S)
FLT²Q⁻² [ħ⋅𝘤⁻¹μ₀⋅mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅λ⋅αL²g₀] Unified

Electro-magneticflux per current or inductance (H, Ω⋅s, Wb⋅A⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> inductance(EMU,Metric) # H⋅abH⁻¹
2⁻⁹5⁻⁹ = 1.0×10⁻⁹ [F⁻¹]/[gal] EMU -> Metric

julia> inductance(ESU,Metric) # H⋅statH⁻¹
𝘤²2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 8.987551787368176×10¹¹ [F⁻¹]/[cm⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> inductance(Metric,SI2019) # H⋅H⁻¹
𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹𝘦⁻²α⋅τ⁻¹2⁷5⁷ = 1.00000000055(15) [C⁻²]/[C⁻²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.reluctanceConstant
reluctance : [F⁻¹L⁻¹T⁻²Q²RC⁻²], [F⁻¹L⁻¹T⁻²Q²], [M⁻¹L⁻²Q²], [L⁻¹], [LT⁻²]
reluctance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = rationalization(U,S)*lorentz(U,S)^2/inductance(U,S)
reluctance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/reluctance(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁻¹T⁻²Q²RC⁻² [ħ⁻¹𝘤⋅μ₀⁻¹mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified

Magnetic reluctance or magnetic resistance (H⁻¹, Gb⋅Mx⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> reluctance(EMU,Metric) # abH⋅H⁻¹
τ⁻¹2⁸5⁹ = 7.957747154594767×10⁷ [F]/[cm⁻¹s²] EMU -> Metric

julia> reluctance(ESU,Metric) # statH⋅H⁻¹
𝘤⁻²τ⁻¹2⁴5⁵ = 8.85418781762039×10⁻¹⁴ [F]/[cm] ESU -> Metric

julia> reluctance(Metric,SI2019) # H⋅H⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅𝘦²α⁻¹τ⋅2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 0.99999999945(15) [C²]/[C²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.permeanceConstant
permeance : [FLT²Q⁻²R⁻¹C²], [FLT²Q⁻²], [ML²Q⁻²], [L], [L⁻¹T²]
permeance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/reluctance(U,S)
permeance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/permeance(U,S)
FLT²Q⁻²R⁻¹C² [ħ⋅𝘤⁻¹μ₀⋅mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅g₀] Unified

Magnetic permeance or magnetic conductance (H, Mx⋅Gb⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> permeance(EMU,Metric) # abH⋅H⁻¹
τ⋅2⁻⁸5⁻⁹ = 1.2566370614359173×10⁻⁸ [F⁻¹]/[gal] EMU -> Metric

julia> permeance(ESU,Metric) # statH⋅H⁻¹
𝘤²τ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻⁵ = 1.129409066758147×10¹³ [F⁻¹]/[cm⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> permeance(Metric,SI2019) # H⋅H⁻¹
𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹𝘦⁻²α⋅τ⁻¹2⁷5⁷ = 1.00000000055(15) [C⁻²]/[C⁻²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.permittivityMethod
permittivity : [F⁻¹L⁻²Q²R], [F⁻¹L⁻²Q²], [M⁻¹L⁻³T²Q²], [L⁻²T²], [𝟙]
permittivity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = capacitance(U,S)*rationalization(U,S)/length(U,S)
permittivity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/permittivity(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁻²Q²R [𝘤⁻²μ₀⁻¹αL⁻²] Unified

Absolute permittivity or capacitance per length (F⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> permittivity(EMU,Metric) # F⋅cm⋅abF⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
τ⁻¹2¹⁰5¹¹ = 7.957747154594768×10⁹ [F⋅m⁻¹]/[cm⁻²s²] EMU -> Metric

julia> permittivity(ESU,Metric) # F⋅m⁼¹
𝘤⁻²τ⁻¹2⁶5⁷ = 8.854187817620389×10⁻¹² [F⋅m⁻¹]/[𝟙] ESU -> Metric

julia> permittivity(Metric,SI2019) # F⋅F⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅𝘦²α⁻¹τ⋅2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 0.99999999945(15) [C²]/[C²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.permeabilityMethod
permeability : [FT²Q⁻²R⁻¹C²], [FT²Q⁻²], [MLQ⁻²], [𝟙], [L⁻²T²]
permeability(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = permeability(S)/permeability(U)
permeability(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/permeability(U,S)
FT²Q⁻²R⁻¹C² [μ₀] Unified

Magnetic permeability or inductance per length (H⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> permeability(EMU,Metric) # H⋅cm⋅abH⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
τ⋅2⁻⁶5⁻⁷ = 1.2566370614359173×10⁻⁶ [kg⋅m⋅s⁻²C⁻²]/[gal⋅cm⁻¹] EMU -> Metric

julia> permeability(ESU,Metric) # H⋅cm⋅statH⁻¹⋅m⁼¹
𝘤²τ⋅2⁻²5⁻³ = 1.129409066758147×10¹⁵ [kg⋅m⋅s⁻²C⁻²]/[cm⁻²] ESU -> Metric

julia> permeability(Metric,SI2019) # H⋅H⁻¹
𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹𝘦⁻²α⋅τ⁻¹2⁷5⁷ = 1.00000000055(15) [C⁻²]/[C⁻²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.susceptibilityConstant
susceptibility : [R⁻¹], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙]
susceptibility(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/rationalization(U,S)
susceptibility(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/susceptibility(U,S)
R⁻¹ [λ⁻¹] Unified

Magnetic/electric volume susceptibility (dimensionless), unit conversion factor.

julia> susceptibility(EMU,Metric)
τ⋅2 = 12.566370614359172 [𝟙]/[𝟙] EMU -> Metric

julia> susceptibility(ESU,Metric)
τ⋅2 = 12.566370614359172 [𝟙]/[𝟙] ESU -> Metric

julia> susceptibility(Metric,SI2019)
𝟏 = 1.0 [𝟙]/[𝟙] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.specificsusceptibilityConstant
specificsusceptibility : [M⁻¹L³A⁻¹R⁻¹], [F⁻¹L⁴T⁻²], [M⁻¹L³], [M⁻¹L³], [M⁻¹L³]
specificsusceptibility(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = susceptibility(U,S)/density(U,S)
specificsusceptibility(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificsusceptibility(U,S)
M⁻¹L³A⁻¹R⁻¹ [ħ³𝘤⁻³mₑ⁻⁴ϕ²λ⁻¹g₀³] Unified

Magnetic/electric mass specific susceptibility (m³⋅kg⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> specificsusceptibility(EMU,Metric) # m³⋅g⋅kg⁻¹⋅cm⁻³
τ⋅2⁻²5⁻³ = 0.012566370614359173 [kg⁻¹m³]/[g⁻¹cm³] EMU -> Metric

julia> specificsusceptibility(ESU,Metric) # m³⋅g⋅kg⁻¹⋅cm⁻³
τ⋅2⁻²5⁻³ = 0.012566370614359173 [kg⁻¹m³]/[g⁻¹cm³] ESU -> Metric

julia> specificsusceptibility(Metric,SI2019) # m³⋅kg⋅kg⁻¹⋅m⁻³
𝟏 = 1.0 [𝟙]/[𝟙] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.demagnetizingfactorConstant
demagnetizingfactor : [R], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙]
demagnetizingfactor(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/susceptibility(U,S)
demagnetizingfactor(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/demagnetizingfactor(U,S)
R [λ] Unified

Quantitiy of demagnetizingfactor (dimensionless), unit conversion factor.

julia> demagnetizingfactor(EMU,Metric)
τ⁻¹2⁻¹ = 0.07957747154594767 [𝟙]/[𝟙] EMU -> Metric

julia> demagnetizingfactor(ESU,Metric)
τ⁻¹2⁻¹ = 0.07957747154594767 [𝟙]/[𝟙] ESU -> Metric

julia> demagnetizingfactor(Metric,SI2019)
𝟏 = 1.0 [𝟙]/[𝟙] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.vectorpotentialConstant
vectorpotential : [FTQ⁻¹C], [FTQ⁻¹], [MLT⁻¹Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻¹ᐟ²]
vectorpotential(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticflux(U,S)/length(U,S)
vectorpotential(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/vectorpotential(U,S)
FTQ⁻¹C [ħ⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤³ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²g₀⁻¹] Unified

Magnetic vectorpotential or electromagnetic rigidity (Wb⋅m⁻¹ or T⋅m), unit conversion factor.

julia> vectorpotential(EMU,Metric) # Wb⋅cm⋅Mx⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 1.0×10⁻⁶ [V⋅m⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric

julia> vectorpotential(ESU,Metric) # Wb⋅cm⋅statWb⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
𝘤⋅2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 29979.2458 [V⋅m⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> vectorpotential(Metric,SI2019) # Wb⋅Wb⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.electricpotentialConstant
electricpotential : [FLQ⁻¹], [FLQ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻²], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²T⁻¹]
electricpotential(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = energy(U,S)/charge(U,S)
electricpotential(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/electricpotential(U,S)
FLQ⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤⁵ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²αL⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified

Voltage or electricpotential or energy per charge (V, J⋅C⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> electricpotential(EMU,Metric) # V⋅abV⁻¹
2⁻⁸5⁻⁸ = 1.0×10⁻⁸ [V]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric

julia> electricpotential(EMU,ESU) # statV⋅abV⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻²5⁻² = 3.335640951981521×10⁻¹¹ [g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²s]/[g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU

julia> electricpotential(ESU,Metric) # V⋅statV⁻¹
𝘤⋅2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 299.792458 [V]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> electricpotential(Metric,SI2019) # V⋅V⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.magneticpotentialConstant
magneticpotential : [T⁻¹QRC⁻¹], [T⁻¹Q], [T⁻¹Q], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻²]
magneticpotential(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticflux(U,S)*reluctance(U,S)
magneticpotential(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/magneticpotential(U,S)
T⁻¹QRC⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤³ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²g₀⁻¹] Unified

Magnetomotive force or magneticpotential (A, Gb), unit conversion factor.

julia> magneticpotential(EMU,Metric) # A⋅Gb⁻¹
τ⁻¹5 = 0.7957747154594768 [C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric

julia> magneticpotential(Metric,SI2019) # A⋅A⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.electricfieldConstant
electricfield : [FQ⁻¹], [FQ⁻¹], [MLT⁻²Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²T⁻²], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻¹ᐟ²T⁻¹]
electricfield(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = electricpotential(U,S)/length(U,S)
electricfield(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/electricfield(U,S)
FQ⁻¹ [ħ⁻³ᐟ²𝘤⁷ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²mₑ²ϕ⁻³ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²αL⋅g₀⁻²] Unified

The electricpotential per length or electricfield (V⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> electricfield(EMU,Metric) # V⋅cm⋅abV⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 1.0×10⁻⁶ [V⋅m⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric

julia> electricfield(EMU,ESU) # statV⋅abV⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻²5⁻² = 3.335640951981521×10⁻¹¹ [g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²s]/[g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU

julia> electricfield(ESU,Metric) # V⋅cm⋅statV⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
𝘤⋅2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 29979.2458 [V⋅m⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> electricfield(Metric,SI2019) # V⋅V⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.magneticfieldConstant
magneticfield : [L⁻¹T⁻¹QRC⁻¹], [L⁻¹T⁻¹Q], [L⁻¹T⁻¹Q], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻¹ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²T⁻²]
magneticfield(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = current(U,S)*rationalization(U,S)*lorentz(U,S)/length(U,S)
magneticfield(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/magneticfield(U,S)
L⁻¹T⁻¹QRC⁻¹ [ħ⁻³ᐟ²𝘤⁵ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ²ϕ⁻³ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²g₀⁻²] Unified

Magnetization or magneticfield or current per length (A⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> magneticfield(EMU,Metric) # A⋅m⁻¹⋅Oe⁻¹
τ⁻¹2²5³ = 79.57747154594767 [m⁻¹C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric

julia> magneticfield(ESU,Metric) # A⋅cm⋅m⁻¹⋅statA⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹τ⁻¹5 = 2.6544187294380726×10⁻⁹ [m⁻¹C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> magneticfield(Metric,SI2019) # A⋅A⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.electricfluxConstant
electricflux : [FL²Q⁻¹], [FL²Q⁻¹], [ML³T⁻²Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁵ᐟ²T⁻²], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻¹]
electricflux(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = electricpotential(U,S)*length(U,S)
electricflux(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/electricflux(U,S)
FL²Q⁻¹ [ħ¹ᐟ²𝘤³ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²ϕ¹ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²αL] Unified

Amount of electricflux or electricpotential by length (V⋅m), unit conversion factor.

julia> electricflux(EMU,Metric) # V⋅m⋅abV⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻¹⁰5⁻¹⁰ = 1.0×10⁻¹⁰ [V⋅m]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁵ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric

julia> electricflux(EMU,ESU) # statV⋅abV⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻²5⁻² = 3.335640951981521×10⁻¹¹ [g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²s]/[g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU

julia> electricflux(ESU,Metric) # V⋅m⋅statV⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
𝘤⋅2⁻⁸5⁻⁸ = 2.9979245800000003 [V⋅m]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> electricflux(Metric,SI2019) # V⋅V⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.magneticfluxMethod
magneticflux : [FLTQ⁻¹C], [FLTQ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻¹Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²]
magneticflux(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = energy(U,S)/lorentz(U,S)/current(U,S)
magneticflux(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/magneticflux(U,S)
FLTQ⁻¹C [ħ¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²ϕ¹ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²] Unified

Surface magneticflux or energy per current (Wb, J⋅A⁻¹, V⋅s), unit conversion factor.

julia> magneticflux(EMU,Metric) # Wb⋅Mx⁻¹
2⁻⁸5⁻⁸ = 1.0×10⁻⁸ [V]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric

julia> magneticflux(ESU,Metric) # Wb⋅statWb⁻¹
𝘤⋅2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 299.792458 [V]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> magneticflux(Metric,SI2019) # Wb⋅Wb⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.electricdisplacementConstant
electricdisplacement : [L⁻²QR], [L⁻²Q], [L⁻²Q], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻³ᐟ²], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻¹ᐟ²T⁻¹]
electricdisplacement(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = charge(U,S)*rationalization(U,S)/area(U,S)
electricdisplacement(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/electricdisplacement(U,S)
L⁻²QR [ħ⁻³ᐟ²𝘤³ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ²ϕ⁻³ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹g₀⁻²] Unified

Electric field displacement or surface electricdisplacement (C⋅m⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> electricdisplacement(EMU,Metric) # C⋅cm²⋅abC⁻¹⋅m⁻²
τ⁻¹2⁴5⁵ = 7957.747154594767 [m⁻²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric

julia> electricdisplacement(ESU,Metric) # C⋅cm²⋅statC⁻¹⋅m⁼²
𝘤⁻¹τ⁻¹2²5³ = 2.6544187294380724×10⁻⁷ [m⁻²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> electricdisplacement(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅C⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.magneticfluxdensityConstant
magneticfluxdensity : [FL⁻¹TQ⁻¹C], [FL⁻¹TQ⁻¹], [MT⁻¹Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻¹ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻³ᐟ²]
magneticfluxdensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticflux(U,S)/area(U,S)
magneticfluxdensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/magneticfluxdensity(U,S)
FL⁻¹TQ⁻¹C [ħ⁻³ᐟ²𝘤⁵ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²mₑ²ϕ⁻³ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²g₀⁻²] Unified

Magnetic induction or magneticmoment per volume (T or Wb⋅m⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> magneticfluxdensity(EMU,Metric) # T⋅G⁻¹
2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 0.0001 [kg⋅s⁻²C⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric

julia> magneticfluxdensity(EMU,ESU) # statT⋅G⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻²5⁻² = 3.335640951981521×10⁻¹¹ [g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²s]/[g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU

julia> magneticfluxdensity(Metric,SI2019) # T⋅T⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.electricdipolemomentConstant
electricdipolemoment : [LQ], [LQ], [LQ], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²], [M¹ᐟ²L⁵ᐟ²T⁻¹]
electricdipolemoment(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = charge(U,S)*length(U,S)
electricdipolemoment(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/electricdipolemoment(U,S)
LQ [ħ³ᐟ²𝘤⁻³ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ⁻¹ϕ³ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹g₀] Unified

Electric dipole moment or electricdipolemoment (C⋅m), unit conversion factor.

julia> electricdipolemoment(EMU,Metric) # C⋅m⋅abC⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.1 [m⋅C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric

julia> electricdipolemoment(ESU,Metric) # C⋅m⋅statC⁻¹⋅cm⁼¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻³5⁻³ = 3.3356409519815203×10⁻¹² [m⋅C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁵ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> electricdipolemoment(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅C⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.magneticdipolemomentConstant
magneticdipolemoment : [L²T⁻¹QA⁻¹C⁻¹], [L²T⁻¹Q], [L²T⁻¹Q], [M¹ᐟ²L⁵ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁷ᐟ²T⁻²]
magneticdipolemoment(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = current(U,S)*lorentz(U,S)/area(U,S)/gravity(U,S)/angle(U,S)
magneticdipolemoment(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/magneticdipolemoment(U,S)
L²T⁻¹QA⁻¹C⁻¹ [ħ³ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ⁻¹ϕ¹ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²g₀] Unified

Magnetic dipole moment or magneticdipolemoment (J⋅T⁻¹, A⋅m²), unit conversion factor.

julia> magneticdipolemoment(EMU,Metric) # J⋅G⋅T⁻¹⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [m²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁵ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric

julia> magneticdipolemoment(ESU,Metric) # J⋅statT⋅T⁻¹⋅erg⁼¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 3.335640951981521×10⁻¹⁴ [m²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁷ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> magneticdipolemoment(Metric,SI2019) # A⋅A⁻¹⋅
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.electricpolarizabilityConstant
electricpolarizability : [F⁻¹LQ²], [F⁻¹LQ²], [M⁻¹T²Q²], [LT²], [L³]
electricpolarizability(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = electricdipolemoment(U,S)/electricfield(U,S)
electricpolarizability(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/electricpolarizability(U,S)
F⁻¹LQ² [ħ³𝘤⁻⁵μ₀⁻¹mₑ⁻³ϕ³λ⁻¹αL⁻²g₀³] Unified

Polarizability or electricdipolemoment per electricfield (C⋅m²⋅V⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> electricpolarizability(EMU,Metric) # C⋅m²⋅abV⋅abC⁻¹⋅cm⁻²⋅V⁻¹
2⁵5⁵ = 100000.0 [kg⁻¹s²C²]/[cm⋅s²] EMU -> Metric

julia> electricpolarizability(ESU,Metric) # C⋅m²⋅statV⋅statC⁻¹⋅cm⁼²⋅V⁻¹
𝘤⁻²2⋅5 = 1.1126500560536184×10⁻¹⁶ [kg⁻¹s²C²]/[mL] ESU -> Metric

julia> electricpolarizability(Metric,Gauss) # D⋅cm²⋅V⁻¹⋅C⁻¹⋅m⁻²⋅abV⁻¹
𝘤²2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 8.987551787368176×10¹⁵ [mL]/[kg⁻¹s²C²] Metric -> Gauss

julia> electricpolarizability(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅V⋅C⁻¹⋅V⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅𝘦²α⁻¹τ⋅2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 0.99999999945(15) [C²]/[C²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.magneticpolarizabilityConstant
magneticpolarizability : [L³A⁻¹R⁻¹], [L³], [L³], [L³], [L³]
magneticpolarizability(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticdipolemoment(U,S)/magneticfield(U,S)
magneticpolarizability(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/magneticpolarizability(U,S)
L³A⁻¹R⁻¹ [ħ³𝘤⁻³mₑ⁻³ϕ²λ⁻¹g₀³] Unified

Polarizability or magneticdipolemoment per magneticfield (m³), unit conversion factor.

julia> electricpolarizability(EMU,Metric) # m³⋅cm⁻³
2⁵5⁵ = 100000.0 [kg⁻¹s²C²]/[cm⋅s²] EMU -> Metric

julia> electricpolarizability(ESU,Metric) # m³⋅cm⁼³
𝘤⁻²2⋅5 = 1.1126500560536184×10⁻¹⁶ [kg⁻¹s²C²]/[mL] ESU -> Metric

julia> electricpolarizability(Metric,Gauss) # cm³⋅m⁻³
𝘤²2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 8.987551787368176×10¹⁵ [mL]/[kg⁻¹s²C²] Metric -> Gauss

julia> electricpolarizability(Metric,SI2019)
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅𝘦²α⁻¹τ⋅2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 0.99999999945(15) [C²]/[C²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.magneticmomentConstant
magneticmoment : [FL²TQ⁻¹C], [FL²TQ⁻¹], [ML³T⁻¹Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁵ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²]
magneticmoment(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticflux(U,S)*length(U,S)
magneticmoment(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/magneticmoment(U,S)
FL²TQ⁻¹C [ħ³ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²mₑ⁻¹ϕ³ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²g₀] Unified

Amount of magneticmoment or magneticflux by length (Wb⋅m or T⋅m³), unit conversion factor.

julia> magneticmoment(EMU,Metric) # Wb⋅m⋅Mx⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻¹⁰5⁻¹⁰ = 1.0×10⁻¹⁰ [V⋅m]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁵ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric

julia> magneticmoment(ESU,Metric) # Wb⋅m⋅statWb⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
𝘤⋅2⁻⁸5⁻⁸ = 2.9979245800000003 [V⋅m]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric

julia> magneticmoment(Metric,SI2019) # Wb⋅Wb⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.specificmagnetizationConstant
specificmagnetization : [F⁻¹ML⁻²T⁻¹QC⁻¹], [L⁻³TQ], [L⁻³TQ], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻⁵ᐟ²T], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻³ᐟ²]
specificmagnetization(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticmoment(U,S)/mass(U,S)
specificmagnetization(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificmagnetization(U,S)
F⁻¹ML⁻²T⁻¹QC⁻¹ [ħ⁻³ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ²ϕ⁻³ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²g₀⁻¹] Unified

Amount of magneticmoment per mass (Wb⋅m⋅kg⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> specificmagnetization(EMU,Metric) # Wb⋅m⋅g⋅Mx⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹⋅kg⁻¹
2⁷5⁷ = 1.0×10⁷ [m⁻³s²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻⁵ᐟ²s²] EMU -> Metric

julia> specificmagnetization(ESU,Metric) # Wb⋅m⋅g⋅statWb⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹⋅kg⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁵5⁵ = 0.00033356409519815205 [m⁻³s²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²s] ESU -> Metric

julia> specificmagnetization(Metric,SI2019) # Wb⋅Wb⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.polestrengthConstant
polestrength : [LT⁻¹QA⁻¹C⁻¹], [LT⁻¹Q], [LT⁻¹Q], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁵ᐟ²T⁻²]
polestrength(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticdipolemoment(U,S)/length(U,S)
polestrength(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/polestrength(U,S)
LT⁻¹QA⁻¹C⁻¹ [ħ¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²ϕ⁻¹ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²] Unified

Magnetic polestrength is analogous to charge (A⋅m), unit conversion factor.

julia> polestrength(EMU,Metric) # A⋅m⋅pole⁻¹
2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.1 [m⋅C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric

julia> polestrength(Metric,SI2019) # A⋅A⁻¹⋅
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019

Thermodynamic Units

MeasureSystems.temperatureConstant
temperature : [Θ], [Θ], [Θ], [Θ], [Θ]
temperature(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)*speed(U,S)^2/entropy(U,S)
temperature(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/temperature(U,S)
Θ [kB⁻¹𝘤²mₑ⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified

Measurement scale for thermodynamic energy or temperature (K), unit conversion factor.

julia> temperature(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴5³ = 0.99999999966(31) [K]/[K] Metric -> SI2019

julia> temperature(English,SI2019) # K⋅°R⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴3⁻²5⁴ = 0.55555555536(17) [K]/[°R] English -> SI2019

julia> temperature(English,Metric) # K⋅°R⁻¹
3⁻²5 = 0.5555555555555556 [K]/[°R] English -> Metric

julia> temperature(PlanckGauss,Metric) # K⋅TP⁻¹
kB⁻¹NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤³R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅mP⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.416784(16) × 10³² [K]/[mP] PlanckGauss -> Metric
MeasureSystems.entropyConstant
entropy : [FLΘ⁻¹], [FLΘ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²Θ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²Θ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²Θ⁻¹]
entropy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = energy(U,S)/temperature(U,S)
entropy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/entropy(U,S)
FLΘ⁻¹ [kB] Unified

Heat capacity or energy per temperature or entropy (J⋅K⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> entropy(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.00000000034(31) [K⁻¹]/[K⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019

julia> entropy(CGS,Metric) # J⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric

julia> entropy(English,SI2019) # J⋅°R⋅K⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅g₀⋅ft⋅lb⋅2⁻⁴3²5⁻⁴ = 2.44047230784(75) [J⋅K⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⋅°R⁻¹] English -> SI2019

julia> entropy(Survey,English) # ftUS²⋅°R⋅°ft⁻²⋅°R⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.specificentropyConstant
specificentropy : [FM⁻¹LΘ⁻¹], [L²T⁻²Θ⁻¹], [L²T⁻²Θ⁻¹], [L²T⁻²Θ⁻¹], [L²T⁻²Θ⁻¹]
specificentropy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = specificenergy(U,S)/temperature(U,S)
specificentropy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificentropy(U,S)
FM⁻¹LΘ⁻¹ [kB⋅mₑ⁻¹] Unified

Specific heat capacity or specificentropy (J⋅K⁻¹⋅kg⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> specificentropy(Metric,SI2019) # m²⋅K⋅K⁻¹⋅cm⁻²
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.00000000034(31) [K⁻¹]/[K⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019

julia> specificentropy(CGS,Metric) # m²⋅cm⁻²
2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 0.0001 [J⋅kg⁻¹]/[erg⋅g⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> specificentropy(English,Metric) # m²⋅°R⋅K⁻¹⋅ft⁻²
g₀⋅ft⋅3²5⁻¹ = 5.380320456 [J⋅K⁻¹kg⁻¹]/[lbf⋅lbm⁻¹ft⋅°R⁻¹] English -> Metric

julia> specificentropy(Survey,English) # ft²⋅°R⋅ftUS⁻²⋅°R⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.volumeheatcapacityConstant
volumeheatcapacity : [FL⁻²Θ⁻¹], [FL⁻²Θ⁻¹], [ML⁻¹T⁻²Θ⁻¹], [ML⁻¹T⁻²Θ⁻¹], [ML⁻¹T⁻²Θ⁻¹]
volumeheatcapacity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = entropy(U,S)/volume(U,S)
volumeheatcapacity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/volumeheatcapacity(U,S)
FL⁻²Θ⁻¹ [kB⋅ħ⁻³𝘤³mₑ³ϕ⁻³g₀⁻³] Unified

The entropy per volume or volumeheatcapacity (J⋅K⁻¹⋅m⁻³), unit conversion factor.

julia> volumeheatcapacity(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.00000000034(31) [K⁻¹]/[K⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019

julia> volumeheatcapacity(CGS,Metric) # J⋅cm³⋅erg⁻¹⋅m⁻³
2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.1 [Pa]/[Ba] Gauss -> Metric

julia> volumeheatcapacity(English,SI2019) # J⋅ft²⋅°R⋅K⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹⋅m⁻³
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅g₀⋅ft⁻²lb⋅2⁻⁴3²5⁻⁴ = 86.184466194(27) [kg⋅m⁻¹s⁻²K⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⁻²°R⁻¹] English -> SI2019

julia> volumeheatcapacity(Survey,English) # ftUS⁵°R⋅°ft⁻⁵⋅°R⁻¹
ft²ftUS⁻² = 0.9999960000040004 [ft⁻²]/[ft⁻²] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.thermalconductivityConstant
thermalconductivity : [FT⁻¹Θ⁻¹], [FT⁻¹Θ⁻¹], [MLT⁻³Θ⁻¹], [MLT⁻³Θ⁻¹], [MLT⁻³Θ⁻¹]
thermalconductivity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = force(U,S)/time(U,S)/temperature(U,S)
thermalconductivity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/thermalconductivity(U,S)
FT⁻¹Θ⁻¹ [kB⋅ħ⁻²𝘤³mₑ²ϕ⁻²g₀⁻²] Unified

Heat conductivity or thermalconductivity (W⋅m⁻¹⋅K⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> thermalconductivity(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.00000000034(31) [K⁻¹]/[K⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019

julia> thermalconductivity(CGS,Metric) # N⋅dyn⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [N]/[dyn] Gauss -> Metric

julia> thermalconductivity(English,Metric) # N⋅°R⋅K⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅lb⋅3²5⁻¹ = 8.0067989074689 [kg⋅m⋅s⁻²K⁻¹]/[lbf⋅°R⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.thermalconductanceConstant
thermalconductance : [FLT⁻¹Θ⁻¹], [FLT⁻¹Θ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻³Θ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻³Θ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻³Θ⁻¹]
thermalconductance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = thermalconductivity(U,S)*length(U,S)
thermalconductance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/thermalconductance(U,S)
FLT⁻¹Θ⁻¹ [kB⋅ħ⁻¹𝘤²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified

Reciprocal of thermalresistance (W⋅K⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> thermalconductance(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.00000000034(31) [K⁻¹]/[K⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019

julia> thermalconductance(CGS,Metric) # W⋅s⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric

julia> thermalconductance(English,Metric) # J⋅°R⋅K⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⋅lb⋅3²5⁻¹ = 2.440472306996521 [J⋅K⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⋅°R⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.thermalresistivityConstant
thermalresistivity : [F⁻¹TΘ], [F⁻¹TΘ], [M⁻¹L⁻¹T³Θ], [M⁻¹L⁻¹T³Θ], [M⁻¹L⁻¹T³Θ]
thermalresistivity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/thermalconductivity(U,S)
thermalresistivity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/thermalresistivity(U,S)
F⁻¹TΘ [kB⁻¹ħ²𝘤⁻³mₑ⁻²ϕ²g₀²] Unified

Resistance to heat flow or thermalresistance (K⋅W⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> thermalresistance(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴5³ = 0.99999999966(31) [K]/[K] Metric -> SI2019

julia> thermalresistance(CGS,Metric) # erg⋅s⁻¹⋅W⁻¹
2⁷5⁷ = 1.0×10⁷ [J⁻¹]/[erg⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> thermalresistance(English,Metric) # ft⋅lb⋅K⋅°R⁻¹⋅J⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⁻¹lb⁻¹3⁻²5 = 0.40975674959848074 [kg⁻¹m⁻²s²K]/[lbf⁻¹ft⁻¹°R] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.thermalresistanceConstant
thermalresistance : [F⁻¹L⁻¹TΘ], [F⁻¹L⁻¹TΘ], [M⁻¹L⁻²T³Θ], [M⁻¹L⁻²T³Θ], [M⁻¹L⁻²T³Θ]
thermalresistance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/thermalconductivity(U,S)/length(U,S)
thermalresistance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/thermalresistance(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁻¹TΘ [kB⁻¹ħ⋅𝘤⁻²mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅g₀] Unified

Resistance to heat flow or thermalresistance (K⋅W⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> thermalresistance(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴5³ = 0.99999999966(31) [K]/[K] Metric -> SI2019

julia> thermalresistance(CGS,Metric) # erg⋅s⁻¹⋅W⁻¹
2⁷5⁷ = 1.0×10⁷ [J⁻¹]/[erg⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> thermalresistance(English,Metric) # ft⋅lb⋅K⋅°R⁻¹⋅J⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⁻¹lb⁻¹3⁻²5 = 0.40975674959848074 [kg⁻¹m⁻²s²K]/[lbf⁻¹ft⁻¹°R] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.thermalexpansionConstant
thermalexpansion : [Θ⁻¹], [Θ⁻¹], [Θ⁻¹], [Θ⁻¹], [Θ⁻¹]
thermalexpansion(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/temperature(U,S)
thermalexpansion(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/thermalexpansion(U,S)
Θ⁻¹ [kB⋅𝘤⁻²mₑ⁻¹g₀] Unified

Measurement scale for coefficient of thermalexpansion (K⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> thermalexpansion(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.00000000034(31) [K⁻¹]/[K⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019

julia> thermalexpansion(English,SI2019) # °R⋅K⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴3²5⁻⁴ = 1.80000000062(55) [K⁻¹]/[°R⁻¹] English -> SI2019

julia> thermalexpansion(English,Metric) # °R⋅K⁻¹
3²5⁻¹ = 1.8 [K⁻¹]/[°R⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.lapserateConstant
lapserate : [L⁻¹Θ], [L⁻¹Θ], [L⁻¹Θ], [L⁻¹Θ], [L⁻¹Θ]
lapserate(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = temperature(U,S)/length(U,S)
lapserate(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/lapserate(U,S)
L⁻¹Θ [kB⁻¹ħ⁻¹𝘤³mₑ²ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻²] Unified

Temperature gradient over length or lapserate (K⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> lapserate(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴5³ = 0.99999999966(31) [K]/[K] Metric -> SI2019

julia> lapserate(English,SI2019) # K⋅ft⋅°R⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹ft⁻¹2⁴3⁻²5⁴ = 1.82268882994(56) [m⁻¹K]/[ft⁻¹°R] English -> SI2019

julia> lapserate(English,Metric) # K⋅ft⋅°R⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
ft⁻¹3⁻²5 = 1.8226888305628461 [m⁻¹K]/[ft⁻¹°R] English -> Metric

julia> lapserate(EnglishUS,English) # °R⋅ftUS⋅°R⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹
ft⋅ftUS⁻¹ = 0.9999980000000002 [ft⁻¹]/[ft⁻¹] Survey -> English

Molar Units

MeasureSystems.molarmassMethod
molarmass : [MN⁻¹], [FL⁻¹T²N⁻¹], [MN⁻¹], [MN⁻¹], [MN⁻¹]
molarmass(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = molarmass(S)/molarmass(U)
molarmass(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molarmass(U,S)
MN⁻¹ [Mᵤ] Unified

Molar mass or mass per mole (kg⋅mol⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> molarmass(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [kg]/[g] Gauss -> Metric

julia> molarmass(Metric,SI2019) # mol⋅mol⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴5³ = 0.99999999966(31) [mol⁻¹]/[mol⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.molalityConstant
molality : [M⁻¹N], [F⁻¹LT⁻²N], [M⁻¹N], [M⁻¹N], [M⁻¹N]
molality(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = molarmass(U)/molarmass(S)
molality(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molality(U,S)
M⁻¹N [Mᵤ⁻¹] Unified

Molality or mole per mass (mol⋅kg⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> molality(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2³5³ = 1000.0 [kg⁻¹]/[g⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> molality(Metric,SI2019) # mol⋅mol⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.00000000034(31) [mol]/[mol] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.molaramountConstant
molaramount : [N], [N], [N], [N], [N]
molaramount(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)*molality(U,S)
molaramount(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molaramount(U,S)
N [mₑ⋅Mᵤ⁻¹] Unified

Amount of molecular substance or molaramount (mol), unit conversion factor.

julia> molaramount(SI2019,Metric) # mol⋅mol⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴5³ = 0.99999999966(31) [mol]/[mol] SI2019 -> Metric

julia> molaramount(British,SI2019) # mol⋅slug-mol⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅lb⋅2⁻¹ = 453.59237016(14) [mol]/[lb-mol] English -> SI2019

julia> molaramount(English,SI2019) # mol⋅lb-mol⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅lb⋅2⁻¹ = 453.59237016(14) [mol]/[lb-mol] English -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.molarityConstant
molarity : [L⁻³N], [L⁻³N], [L⁻³N], [L⁻³N], [L⁻³N]
molarity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = molaramount(U,S)/volume(U,S)
molarity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molarity(U,S)
L⁻³N [ħ⁻³𝘤³mₑ⁴Mᵤ⁻¹ϕ⁻³g₀⁻³] Unified

Molar concentration or molaramount per volume (mol⋅m⁻³), unit conversion factor.

julia> molarity(CGS,Metric) # cm³⋅m⁻³
2⁶5⁶ = 1.0×10⁶ [m⁻³]/[mL⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> molarity(English,SI2019) # ft³⋅m⁻³
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅ft⁻³lb⋅2⁻¹ = 16018.4633795(49) [m⁻³mol]/[ft⁻³lb-mol] English -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.molarvolumeConstant
molarvolume : [L³N⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹]
molarvolume(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = volume(U,S)/molaramount(U,S)
molarvolume(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molarvolume(U,S)
L³N⁻¹ [ħ³𝘤⁻³mₑ⁻⁴Mᵤ⋅ϕ³g₀³] Unified

Occupied volume per molaramount or molarvolume (m³⋅mol⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> molarvolume(CGS,Metric) # m³⋅cm⁻³
2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 1.0×10⁻⁶ [m³]/[mL] Gauss -> Metric

julia> molarvolume(English,SI2019) # m³⋅ft⁻³
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹ft³lb⁻¹2 = 6.2427960555(19) × 10⁻⁵ [m³mol⁻¹]/[ft³lb-mol⁻¹] English -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.molarentropyConstant
molarentropy : [FLΘ⁻¹N⁻¹], [FLΘ⁻¹N⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²Θ⁻¹N⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²Θ⁻¹N⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²Θ⁻¹N⁻¹]
molarentropy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = entropy(U,S)/molaramount(U,S)
molarentropy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molarentropy(U,S)
FLΘ⁻¹N⁻¹ [kB⋅mₑ⁻¹Mᵤ] Unified

Molar heat capacity or entropy per molaramount (J⋅K⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> molarentropy(CGS,Metric) # J⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric

julia> molarentropy(English,SI2019) # J⋅°R⋅lb-mol⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹⋅K⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⋅2⁻³3²5⁻⁴ = 0.005380320456000001 [J⋅K⁻¹mol⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⋅°R⁻¹lb-mol⁻¹] English -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.molarenergyConstant
molarenergy : [FLN⁻¹], [FLN⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²N⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²N⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²N⁻¹]
molarenergy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = energy(U,S)/molaramount(U,S)
molarenergy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molarenergy(U,S)
FLN⁻¹ [𝘤²Mᵤ⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified

Gibbs free energy per mole or molarenergy (J⋅mol⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> molarenergy(CGS,Metric) # J⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric

julia> molarenergy(English,SI2019) # J⋅slug-mol⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹g₀⋅ft⋅2 = 0.00298906691897(92) [J⋅mol⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⋅lb-mol⁻¹] English -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.molarconductivityConstant
molarconductivity : [F⁻¹T⁻¹Q²N⁻¹], [F⁻¹T⁻¹Q²N⁻¹], [M⁻¹L⁻¹TQ²N⁻¹], [TN⁻¹], [L²T⁻¹N⁻¹]
molarconductivity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = conductivity(U,S)*area(U,S)/molaramount(U,S)
molarconductivity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molarconductivity(U,S)
F⁻¹T⁻¹Q²N⁻¹ [ħ⋅𝘤⁻²μ₀⁻¹mₑ⁻²Mᵤ⋅ϕ⋅λ⁻¹αL⁻²g₀] Unified

Conductivity per molarvolume or molarconductivity (S⋅m²⋅mol⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> molarconductivity(EMU,Metric) # S⋅m²⋅abΩ⋅cm⁻²
2⁷5⁷ = 1.0×10⁷ [kg⁻¹m⁻¹s²C²]/[s²] EMU -> Metric

julia> molarconductivity(ESU,Metric) # S⋅m²⋅statΩ⋅cm⁻²
𝘤⁻²2³5³ = 1.1126500560536184×10⁻¹⁴ [kg⁻¹m⁻¹s²C²]/[cm²] ESU -> Metric
MeasureSystems.molarsusceptibilityConstant
molarsusceptibility : [L³N⁻¹A⁻¹R⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹]
molarsusceptibility(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = specificsusceptibility(U,S)*molarmass(U,S)
molarsusceptibility(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molarsusceptibility(U,S)
L³N⁻¹A⁻¹R⁻¹ [ħ³𝘤⁻³mₑ⁻⁴Mᵤ⋅ϕ²λ⁻¹g₀³] Unified

Magnetic/electric molar mass susceptibility (m³⋅mol⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> molarsusceptibility(CGS,Metric) # m³⋅cm⁻³
τ⋅2⁻⁵5⁻⁶ = 1.2566370614359172×10⁻⁵ [m³]/[mL] Gauss -> Metric

julia> molarsusceptibility(Metric,SI2019) # m³⋅mol⋅mol⁻¹⋅cm⁻³
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴5³ = 0.99999999966(31) [mol⁻¹]/[mol⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.catalysisConstant
catalysis : [T⁻¹N], [T⁻¹N], [T⁻¹N], [T⁻¹N], [T⁻¹N]
catalysis(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = molaramount(U,S)/time(U,S)
catalysis(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/catalysis(U,S)
T⁻¹N [ħ⁻¹𝘤²mₑ²Mᵤ⁻¹ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified

Catalytic activity or molaramount per time (kat, mol⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> catalysis(English,Metric) # kat⋅s⋅lb-mol⁻¹
lb⋅2³5³ = 453.59237 [mol]/[lb-mol] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.specificityConstant
specificity : [L³T⁻¹N⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹N⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹N⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹N⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹N⁻¹]
specificity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = volume(U,S)/molaramount(U,S)/time(U,S)
specificity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificity(U,S)
L³T⁻¹N⁻¹ [ħ²𝘤⁻¹mₑ⁻³Mᵤ⋅ϕ²g₀²] Unified

Catalytic efficiency or volume per mole per time (m³⋅mol⁻¹⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> specificity(CGS,Metric) # m³⋅cm⁻³
2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 1.0×10⁻⁶ [m³]/[mL] Gauss -> Metric

julia> specificity(English,Metric) # m³⋅lb-mol⋅mol⁻¹⋅ft⁻³
ft³lb⁻¹2⁻³5⁻³ = 6.242796057614462×10⁻⁵ [m³mol⁻¹]/[ft³lb-mol⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.diffusionfluxConstant
diffusionflux : [L⁻²TN], [L⁻²TN], [L⁻²TN], [L⁻²TN], [L⁻²TN]
diffusionflux(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = molaramount(U,S)*photonirradiance(U,S)
diffusionflux(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/diffusionflux(U,S)
L⁻²TN [ħ⁻¹mₑ²Mᵤ⁻¹ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified

Molar diffusion flux or molarmount times flux (mol⋅s⁻¹⋅m⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> diffusionflux(CGS,Metric) # cm²⋅m⁻²
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [m⁻²]/[cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> diffusionflux(English,Metric) # ft²⋅mol⋅lb-mol⁻¹⋅m⁻²
ft⁻²lb⋅2³5³ = 4882.42763638305 [m⁻²mol]/[ft⁻²lb-mol] English -> Metric

Photometric Units

MeasureSystems.luminousfluxConstant
luminousflux : [J], [J], [J], [J], [J]
luminousflux(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = luminousenergy(U,S)*frequency(U,S)
luminousflux(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/luminousflux(U,S)
J [ħ⁻¹𝘤⁴mₑ²Kcd⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻²] Unified

Perceived power of light or luminousflux (lm, cd⋅rad⋅²), unit conversion factor.

MeasureSystems.luminousintensityConstant
luminousintensity : [JA⁻²], [J], [J], [J], [J]
luminousintensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = luminousflux(U,S)/solidangle(U,S)
luminousintensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/luminousintensity(U,S)
JA⁻² [ħ⁻¹𝘤⁴mₑ²Kcd⋅ϕ⁻³g₀⁻²] Unified

Perceived power of light or luminousintensity (cd, lm⋅rad⁻²), unit conversion factor.

MeasureSystems.luminanceConstant
luminance : [L⁻²JA⁻²], [L⁻²J], [L⁻²J], [L⁻²J], [L⁻²J]
luminance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = luminousintensity(U,S)/area(U,S)
luminance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/luminance(U,S)
L⁻²JA⁻² [ħ⁻³𝘤⁶mₑ⁴Kcd⋅ϕ⁻⁵g₀⁻⁴] Unified

Luminous intensity per area or luminance (cd⋅m⁻², lm⋅m⁻²⋅rad⁻²), unit conversion factor.

julia> luminance(CGS,Metric) # lx⋅ph⁻¹
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [m⁻²]/[cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> luminance(IAU,Metric) # lx⋅au²⋅lm⁻¹
au⁻² = 4.46837049952(18) × 10⁻²³ [m⁻²]/[au⁻²] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> luminance(English,Metric) # ft²⋅m⁻²
ft⁻² = 10.76391041670972 [m⁻²]/[ft⁻²] English -> Metric

julia> 1/10.76 # lx⋅fc⁻¹
0.0929368029739777
MeasureSystems.illuminanceConstant
illuminance : [L⁻²J], [L⁻²J], [L⁻²J], [L⁻²J], [L⁻²J]
illuminance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = luminousflux(U,S)/area(U,S)
illuminance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/illuminance(U,S)
L⁻²J [ħ⁻³𝘤⁶mₑ⁴Kcd⋅ϕ⁻³g₀⁻⁴] Unified

Luminous flux per area or luminance (lx, lm⋅m⁻², cd⋅m⁻²⋅rad²), unit conversion factor.

julia> illuminance(CGS,Metric) # lx⋅ph⁻¹
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [m⁻²]/[cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> illuminance(IAU,Metric) # lx⋅au²⋅lm⁻¹
au⁻² = 4.46837049952(18) × 10⁻²³ [m⁻²]/[au⁻²] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> illuminance(English,Metric) # ft²⋅m⁻²
ft⁻² = 10.76391041670972 [m⁻²]/[ft⁻²] English -> Metric

julia> 1/10.76 # lx⋅fc⁻¹
0.0929368029739777
MeasureSystems.luminousenergyConstant
luminousenergy : [TJ], [TJ], [TJ], [TJ], [TJ]
luminousenergy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = luminousflux(U,S)*time(U,S)
luminousenergy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/luminousenergy(U,S)
TJ [𝘤²mₑ⋅Kcd⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified

Perceived quantity of light or luminousenergy (lm⋅s, cd⋅s⋅sr), unit conversion factor.

julia> luminousenergy(IAU,Metric) # s⋅day⁻¹
2⁷3³5² = 86400.0 [s]/[D] IAU☉ -> Metric
MeasureSystems.luminousexposureConstant
luminousexposure : [L⁻²TJ], [L⁻²TJ], [L⁻²TJ], [L⁻²TJ], [L⁻²TJ]
luminousexposure(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = illuminance(U,S)*time(U,S)
luminousexposure(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/luminousexposure(U,S)
L⁻²TJ [ħ⁻²𝘤⁴mₑ³Kcd⋅ϕ⁻²g₀⁻³] Unified

Integrated luminance along time (lx⋅s, lm⋅s⋅m⁻², cd⋅s⋅m⁻²⋅sr), unit conversion factor.

julia> luminousexposure(CGS,Metric) # lx⋅ph⁻¹
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [m⁻²]/[cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric

julia> luminousexposure(IAU,Metric) # s⋅au²⋅day⁻¹⋅m⁻²
au⁻²2⁷3³5² = 3.86067211159(15) × 10⁻¹⁸ [Hz⋅m⁻²]/[au⁻²D] IAU☉ -> Metric

julia> luminousexposure(English,Metric) # ft²⋅m⁻²
ft⁻² = 10.76391041670972 [m⁻²]/[ft⁻²] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.luminousefficacyMethod
luminousefficacy : [F⁻¹L⁻¹TJ], [F⁻¹L⁻¹TJ], [M⁻¹L⁻²T³J], [M⁻¹L⁻²T³J], [M⁻¹L⁻²T³J]
luminousefficacy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = luminousefficacy(S)/luminousefficacy(U)
luminousefficacy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/luminousefficacy(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁻¹TJ [Kcd] Unified

Ratio of luminousflux to power or luminousefficacy (lm⋅W⁻¹), unit conversion factor.

julia> luminousefficacy(CGS,Metric) # erg⋅s⁻¹⋅W⁻¹
2⁷5⁷ = 1.0×10⁷ [J⁻¹]/[erg⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric

julia> luminousefficacy(English,Metric) # ft⋅lb⋅s⁻¹⋅W⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⁻¹lb⁻¹ = 0.7375621492772653 [J⁻¹]/[lbf⁻¹ft⁻¹] English -> Metric

Conversion Index

Wolfram plagiarism timeline

Timeline of UnitSystems.jl registration and Wolfram Research plagiarism:

  • 2019: The SI2019 standard is formalized with a primitive SI only unit-system based on 7 physics dimensions (massive collaboration).
  • 2020: Registered DOI 10.5281/zenodo.7145479, UnitSystems.jl
  • 2021: Discused with Ted Corcovilos about what the unsolved and nuanced issues are with defining physics units, which I then solved by independently creating the never before seen 11 dimensional Unified System of Quantities (USQ) for physics, which was standardized in detail and completely handcrafted by myself alone.
  • 2021: Wolfram Research invited me to their Summer School, where everyone was hinting at the fact I would be hired there.
  • 2022: Wolfram Research interviewed and then hired me, with an explicit interest in my UnitSystems.jl work from lead developers. They requested that I present them my independently discovered UnitSystems.jl results in the Wolfram Language to make a comparison with their existing system. While I was shortly an employee at Wolfram, I indeed directly handed them my newly discovered Unified System of Quantities. My work was already independently complete and prepared ready to incorporate into their stack. They acknowledged that their system was old and outdated compared to mine, as they only implemented a Metric and Imperial unit system, and neither of these was up to the standard of my UnitSystems.jl standard. However, they told me that I would not be allowed to work on this project further because they didn't want to upgrade their systems. Instead, they did the software equivalent of placing me in a backroom shed to mop the floors. After 6 months they ended the contract and it turned out they lied to me on the job application about what my role would be (they said I would be part of the core team with Jonathan Gorard, but this was a blatant lie).
  • 2023-2025: Wolfram keeps inviting me to their Winter/Summer schools to help mentor people, but I declined because I am too busy making progress in my research (why directly help mentor my competitors, who made it clear that they don't want to actually support my work); their use of social environments feels predatory.
  • 2025: Wolfram bribes Memes of Destruction at Wolfram Summer School to take my fully prepared work and use it to boost the Wolfram brand on social media, presenting my completed project with AI generated text as if it was Wolfram's idea, without crediting that I was the person who directly handed them the completed project years earlier (but without AI generated text they added).

Did Wolfam think that they can pluck low hanging fruits from my garden to build their brand on social media? My only goal here is to show that these low hanging fruit Wolfram plucked, these fruits came from my public garden and were not grown or developed by them from scratch, it's my solo-project.

Academic institutions should be direclty investing in my research instead of funding and enabling Wolfram Research to systematically gangstalk me with an army of employees. I can feel the presence of Wolfram looking over my shoulder and monitoring my every step. There seems to be an entire economy of people being paid to monitor and surveil me, while I struggle to survive with my resources. Stephen Wolfram never seemed to care about earning my respect. Every time I interacted with him, he was only focused on talking about himself and that was the only topic.

It's fascinating to me how unaware Stephen Wolfram is of the fact that people perceive him as textbook specimen of ultra-narcissism. This is because he is entirely surrounded by people with a salary depending on how much they inflate Stephen Wolfram's ego, which completely divorces these people from the reality of doing actual scientific research. Wolfram's premise seems to be that they can use gangstalking to target open source developers like me to data-mine our work, enabled by funding granted from academic institutions who don't check for Wolfram's plagiarism violations.

Combining the ultra-narcissism of Wolfram with the economic incentive to target open source developers with gangstalking by an army of employees, it becomes highly uncomfortable knowing that these people are incentivized to gangstalk me for the rest of my life with smear campaigns and so on.

I urge academic institutions to quit enabling and sponsoring Stephen Wolfram's systematic gangstalking of individuals like me. He shouldn't be rewarded for plucking fruit from my public gardens, which I handcrafted. % by myself. Wolfram's goal seems to be taking the fruit of my work in a cowardly and uncollaborative way. Wolfram does not acknowledge that my science research is what's boosting their brand in the social media campaign funding Memes of Destruction.

Julia Computing are no better stewards, they are also unehtical people, but at least their product is open source and therefore a solid foundation. My work on UnitSystems.jl and the entire process of creating the new 11 dimensional Unified System of Quantities (USQ) was all done entirely in public on GitHub and each release registered with several scientific websites. This is only one of my side projects, the mainstream of my research is my differential geometric algebra software development, Grassmann.jl and Cartan.jl, and various related work at the cutting edge of science, making me a bigger target for Wolfram's gangstalking. Wolfram is now constantly being observed in attempting to keep up with my research by systematically gangstalking me in a hush-hush way, not acknowledging me. With shady business practices, I have to wonder what other fraud is being commited.

It appears that Wolfram tends to resort to plagiarism of other people's works by data mining other people's creativity through employment, ghostwriters, summer schools, shady business practices, identity theft, bribes.

The incentive behind this systematic gangstalking appears to be this: instead of working with me directly, they all wish to ostracize, isolate, and erase me. Their eventual goal is replacing me and then retroactively claiming credit for my past achievements to boost their brands. Ironically, the temptation (to incorrectly eat the fruit of my labor like this) will be their downfall, as this choice is accompanied by firm evidence of plagiarism. Plagiarism is considered a violation of academic standards by the academic institutions funding Wolfram Research. My projects are effectively ego-traps, which will trigger the downfall of an ultra-narcissit ego if incorrectly consumed. I know the academic institutions don't acknowledge me either, so all I can do is to permanently add the Wolfram plagiarism disclaimer to the original sources.

Having a quick 0-60 speed in pathological lying is not necessarily a sign of high intelligence in long term thinking. Rather, it's an indicator of a complete lack of long term thinking, demonstrating optimization toward the short term illusions of success, which falls apart upon any scrutiny.

If Wolfram does not want to be perceived as confirmed plagiarist, then Wolfram must acknowledge Michael Reed as the original creator of the new Unified System of Quantities (USQ), which is the underlying foundation for the completed research project I handed them (and they padded with AI generated text). Wolfram is well known for the claims that LLMs will replace writing code and text, so we have to assume the foundations of their work rests in AI generated text, on top of my presented complete project foundation. The LLMs and AI models all know about my UnitSystems.jl work and mine was the only reference work in existence which completed this type of work. Therefore, if using AI or LLM generated text to manipulate my unique project, this is effectively transforming the original source data which was ingested from my work using my own knowledge embedded in the LLMs. Wolfram is regurgitating the fruits of my labor without acknowledging that I directly handed this to them as a completed project.

Memes of Destruction self proclaims to not be an expert on the topic and publicly discloses the paid sponsorship from Wolfram for the social media campaign, at least this is some transparency.

– Michael Reed's audience reaction to Wolfram's plagiarism

This preface was written in 2025, the UnitSystems.jl Appendix has been documented on my website and registered as Julia package since 2020.

Core UnitSystems.jl} standard was last updated in 2022, while Similitude.jl and MeasureSystems.jl have received minor software design updates since.