Unit Conversions
In 2019 the SI2019 standardization was completed, based on the 7 physics dimensions specific to the Metric system. That is actually an inadequate and insufficient unit system standard, as it is mathematically impossible to unify all historical units with that standard. In 2020, Michael Reed set out to work around that impossibility with a new project called UnitSystems.jl, which ended up completely solving the problem with a brand new 11 dimensional Unified System of Quantities (USQ) for physics.
Standardized conversion factors for physics units
between UnitSystem specifications:
Kinematic Units
MeasureSystems.A —
Constant
angle : [A], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙]
angle(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = angle(U,S)
angle(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/angle(U,S)
A [ϕ] Unified
Extent of one-dimensional angle or
angle (rad), unit conversion factor.
julia> angle(CGS,Metric) # rad⋅rad⁻¹
𝟏 = 1.0 [𝟙]/[𝟙] Metric -> Gauss
MeasureSystems.solidangle
— Constant
solidangle : [A²], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙]
solidangle(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = angle(U,S)^2
solidangle(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/solidangle(U,S)
A² [ϕ²] Unified
Extent of two-dimensional angle or
solidangle (rad²), unit conversion
factor.
julia> solidangle(CGS,Metric) # rad²⋅rad⁻²
𝟏 = 1.0 [𝟙]/[𝟙] Gauss -> Metric
MeasureSystems.T —
Constant
time : [T], [T], [T], [T], [T]
time(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = length(U,S)/speed(U,S)
time(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/time(U,S)
T [ħ⋅𝘤⁻²mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅g₀] Unified
Dimension along which events are ordered or
T (s), unit conversion factor.
julia> T(MPH,Metric) # s⋅h⁻¹
2⁴3²5² = 3600.0 [s]/[h] MPH -> Metric
julia> T(IAU,Metric) # s⋅D⁻¹
2⁷3³5² = 86400.0 [s]/[D] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> T(Hubble,Metric)
H0⁻¹au⋅τ⁻¹2¹⁰3⁴5⁶ = 4.561(28) × 10¹⁷ [s]/[T] Hubble -> Metric
MeasureSystems.angulartime
— Constant
angulartime : [TA⁻¹], [T], [T], [T], [T]
angulartime(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = time(U,S)/angle(U,S)
angulartime(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/angulartime(U,S)
TA⁻¹ [ħ⋅𝘤⁻²mₑ⁻¹g₀] Unified
Circular time per angle
(s⋅rad⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> angulartime(IAU,Metric) s⋅day⁻¹
2⁷3³5² = 86400.0 [s]/[D] IAU☉ -> Metric
MeasureSystems.L —
Constant
length : [L], [L], [L], [L], [L]
length(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = planck(U,S)/mass(U,S)/speed(U,S)
length(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/length(U,S)
L [ħ⋅𝘤⁻¹mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅g₀] Unified
Extent of one-dimensional shape or
length (m), unit conversion factor.
julia> L(CGS,Metric) # m⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric
julia> L(IAU,Metric) # m⋅au⁻¹
au = 1.495978707000(30) × 10¹¹ [m]/[au] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> L(English,Metric) # m⋅ft⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric
julia> L(EnglishUS,English) # ft⋅ftUS⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
julia> L(PlanckGauss,Metric) # m⋅ℓP⁻¹
𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹mP⁻¹τ⁻¹ = 1.616255(18) × 10⁻³⁵ [m]/[mP⁻¹] PlanckGauss -> Metric
MeasureSystems.angularlength
— Constant
angularlength : [LA⁻¹], [L], [L], [L], [L]
angularlength(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = length(U,S)/angle(U,S)
angularlength(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/angularlength(U,S)
LA⁻¹ [ħ⋅𝘤⁻¹mₑ⁻¹g₀] Unified
Unit of length per angle
(m⋅rad⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> angularlength(CGS,Metric) # cm⋅m⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric
julia> angularlength(English,Metric) # ft⋅m⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.area
— Constant
area : [L²], [L²], [L²], [L²], [L²]
area(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = length(U,S)^2
area(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/area(U,S)
L² [ħ²𝘤⁻²mₑ⁻²ϕ²g₀²] Unified
Extent of two-dimensional shape or
area (m²), unit conversion factor.
julia> area(CGS,Metric) # m²⋅cm⁻²
2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 0.0001 [m²]/[cm²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> area(English,Metric) # m²⋅ft⁻²
ft² = 0.09290304 [m²]/[ft²] English -> Metric
julia> area(Survey,English) # ft²⋅ftUS⁻²
ft⁻²ftUS² = 1.0000040000119996 [ft²]/[ft²] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.volume
— Constant
volume : [L³], [L³], [L³], [L³], [L³]
volume(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = length(U,S)^3
volume(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/volume(U,S)
L³ [ħ³𝘤⁻³mₑ⁻³ϕ³g₀³] Unified
Extent of three-dimensional shape or
volume (m³), unit conversion factor.
julia> volume(CGS,Metric) # m³⋅cm⁻³
2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 1.0×10⁻⁶ [m³]/[mL] Gauss -> Metric
julia> volume(English,Metric) # m³⋅ft⁻³
ft³ = 0.028316846592000004 [m³]/[ft³] English -> Metric
julia> volume(Survey,English) # ft³⋅ftUS⁻³
ft⁻³ftUS³ = 1.0000060000239996 [ft³]/[ft³] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.wavenumber
— Constant
wavenumber : [L⁻¹], [L⁻¹], [L⁻¹], [L⁻¹], [L⁻¹]
wavenumber(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/length(U,S)
wavenumber(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/wavenumber(U,S)
L⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹𝘤⋅mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified
Number of occurences per unit of space (m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> wavenumber(CGS,Metric) # cm⋅m⁻¹
2²5² = 100.0 [m⁻¹]/[cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> wavenumber(English,Metric) # ft⋅m⁻¹
ft⁻¹ = 3.280839895013123 [m⁻¹]/[ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.angularwavenumber
— Constant
angularwavenumber : [L⁻¹A], [L⁻¹], [L⁻¹], [L⁻¹], [L⁻¹]
angularwavenumber(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = angle(U,S)/length(U,S)
angularwavenumber(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/angularwavenumber(U,S)
L⁻¹A [ħ⁻¹𝘤⋅mₑ⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified
Number of occurences per unit of space (m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> angularwavenumber(CGS,Metric) # cm⋅m⁻¹
2²5² = 100.0 [m⁻¹]/[cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> angularwavenumber(English,Metric) # ft⋅m⁻¹
ft⁻¹ = 3.280839895013123 [m⁻¹]/[ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.fuelefficiency
— Constant
fuelefficiency : [L⁻²], [L⁻²], [L⁻²], [L⁻²], [L⁻²]
fuelefficiency(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/area(U,S)
fuelefficiency(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/fuelefficiency(U,S)
L⁻² [ħ⁻²𝘤²mₑ²ϕ⁻²g₀⁻²] Unified
Distance per volume or fuel efficiency (m⋅m⁻³, m⁻²), unit conversion factor.
julia> fuelefficiency(CGS,Metric) # cm²⋅m⁻²
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [m⁻²]/[cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> fuelefficiency(English,Metric) # ft²⋅m⁻²
ft⁻² = 10.76391041670972 [m⁻²]/[ft⁻²] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.frequency
— Constant
frequency : [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹]
frequency(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/time(U,S)
frequency(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/frequency(U,S)
T⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹𝘤²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified
Number of occurences per unit of time (Hz or s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> frequency(IAU,Metric) day⋅s⁻¹
2⁻⁷3⁻³5⁻² = 1.1574074074074075×10⁻⁵ [Hz]/[D⁻¹] IAU☉ -> Metric
MeasureSystems.angularfrequency
— Constant
angularfrequency : [T⁻¹A], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹]
angularfrequency(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = angle(U,S)/time(U,S)
angularfrequency(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/angularfrequency(U,S)
T⁻¹A [ħ⁻¹𝘤²mₑ⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified
Circular radian frequency (rad⋅Hz or rad⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> angularfrequency(IAU,Metric) day⋅s⁻¹
2⁻⁷3⁻³5⁻² = 1.1574074074074075×10⁻⁵ [Hz]/[D⁻¹] IAU☉ -> Metric
MeasureSystems.frequencydrift
— Constant
frequencydrift : [T⁻²], [T⁻²], [T⁻²], [T⁻²], [T⁻²]
frequencydrift(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/time(U,S)^2
frequencydrift(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/frequencydrift(U,S)
T⁻² [ħ⁻²𝘤⁴mₑ²ϕ⁻²g₀⁻²] Unified
Drift of frequency per
time or frequencydrift
(Hz⋅s⁻¹, s⁻²), unit conversion factor.
julia> frequencydrift(IAU,Metric) day²⋅Hz⋅s⁻¹
2⁻¹⁴3⁻⁶5⁻⁴ = 1.3395919067215363×10⁻¹⁰ [Hz⋅s⁻¹]/[D⁻²] IAU☉ -> Metric
MeasureSystems.stagnance
— Constant
stagnance : [L⁻¹T], [L⁻¹T], [L⁻¹T], [L⁻¹T], [L⁻¹T]
stagnance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = lightspeed(U)/lightspeed(S)
stagnance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/stagnance(U,S)
L⁻¹T [𝘤⁻¹] Unified
Stagnance or time per
length (s⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> stagnance(CGS,Metric) # cm⋅m⁻¹
2²5² = 100.0 [m⁻¹]/[cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> stagnance(IAU,Metric) # au⋅s⋅day⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
au⁻¹2⁷3³5² = 5.77548327364(12) × 10⁻⁷ [m⁻¹s]/[au⁻¹D] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> stagnance(English,Metric) # ft⋅m⁻¹
ft⁻¹ = 3.280839895013123 [m⁻¹]/[ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
julia> stagnance(Survey,English) # ftUS⋅ft⁻¹
ft⋅ftUS⁻¹ = 0.9999980000000002 [ft⁻¹]/[ft⁻¹] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.speed
— Constant
speed : [LT⁻¹], [LT⁻¹], [LT⁻¹], [LT⁻¹], [LT⁻¹]
speed(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = lightspeed(S)/lightspeed(U)
speed(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/speed(U,S)
LT⁻¹ [𝘤] Unified
Velocity or length per
time or speed (m⋅s⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> speed(CGS,Metric) # m⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric
julia> speed(IAU,Metric) # m⋅day⋅s⁻¹⋅au⁻¹
au⋅2⁻⁷3⁻³5⁻² = 1.731456836806(35) × 10⁶ [m⋅s⁻¹]/[au⋅D⁻¹] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> speed(English,Metric) # m⋅ft⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric
julia> speed(Survey,English) # ft⋅ftUS⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.acceleration
— Constant
acceleration : [LT⁻²], [LT⁻²], [LT⁻²], [LT⁻²], [LT⁻²]
acceleration(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = speed(U,S)/time(U,S)
acceleration(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/acceleration(U,S)
LT⁻² [ħ⁻¹𝘤³mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified
Specific force or speed per
time or acceleration
(m⋅s⁻²), unit conversion factor.
julia> acceleration(CGS,Metric) # m⋅s⁻¹⋅gal⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric
julia> acceleration(IAU,Metric) # m⋅day²⋅s⁻²⋅au⁻¹
au⋅2⁻¹⁴3⁻⁶5⁻⁴ = 20.0400096852500(40) [m⋅s⁻²]/[au⋅D⁻²] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> acceleration(English,Metric) # m⋅ft⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric
julia> acceleration(Survey,English) # ft⋅ftUS⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.jerk
— Constant
jerk : [LT⁻³], [LT⁻³], [LT⁻³], [LT⁻³], [LT⁻³]
jerk(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = speed(U,S)/time(U,S)^2
jerk(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/jerk(U,S)
LT⁻³ [ħ⁻²𝘤⁵mₑ²ϕ⁻²g₀⁻²] Unified
Jolt or acceleration per
time or jerk (m⋅s⁻³), unit
conversion factor.
julia> jerk(CGS,Metric) # m⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric
julia> jerk(IAU,Metric) # m⋅day³⋅s⁻³⋅au⁻¹
au⋅2⁻²¹3⁻⁹5⁻⁶ = 0.0002319445565422(47) [m⋅s⁻³]/[au⋅D⁻³] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> jerk(English,Metric) # m⋅ft⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric
julia> jerk(Survey,English) # ft⋅ftUS⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.snap
— Constant
snap : [LT⁻⁴], [LT⁻⁴], [LT⁻⁴], [LT⁻⁴], [LT⁻⁴]
snap(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = speed(U,S)/time(U,S)^3
snap(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/snap(U,S)
LT⁻⁴ [ħ⁻³𝘤⁷mₑ³ϕ⁻³g₀⁻³] Unified
Jounce or jerk per time
or snap (m⋅s⁻⁴), unit conversion
factor.
julia> snap(CGS,Metric) # m⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric
julia> snap(IAU,Metric) # m⋅day⁴⋅s⁻⁴⋅au⁻¹
au⋅2⁻²⁸3⁻¹²5⁻⁸ = 2.684543478498(54) × 10⁻⁹ [m⋅s⁻⁴]/[au⋅D⁻⁴] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> snap(English,Metric) # m⋅ft⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric
julia> snap(Survey,English) # ft⋅ftUS⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.crackle
— Constant
crackle : [LT⁻⁵], [LT⁻⁵], [LT⁻⁵], [LT⁻⁵], [LT⁻⁵]
crackle(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = speed(U,S)/time(U,S)^4
crackle(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/crackle(U,S)
LT⁻⁵ [ħ⁻⁴𝘤⁹mₑ⁴ϕ⁻⁴g₀⁻⁴] Unified
A snap per time or
crackle (m⋅s⁻⁵), unit conversion
factor.
julia> crackle(CGS,Metric) # m⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric
julia> crackle(IAU,Metric) # m⋅day⁵⋅s⁻⁵⋅au⁻¹
au⋅2⁻³⁵3⁻¹⁵5⁻¹⁰ = 3.107110507521(62) × 10⁻¹⁴ [m⋅s⁻⁵]/[au⋅D⁻⁵] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> crackle(English,Metric) # m⋅ft⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric
julia> crackle(Survey,English) # ft⋅ftUS⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.pop
— Constant
pop : [LT⁻⁶], [LT⁻⁶], [LT⁻⁶], [LT⁻⁶], [LT⁻⁶]
pop(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = speed(U,S)/time(U,S)^5
pop(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/pop(U,S)
LT⁻⁶ [ħ⁻⁵𝘤¹¹mₑ⁵ϕ⁻⁵g₀⁻⁵] Unified
A crackle per time or
pop (m⋅s⁻⁶), unit conversion factor.
julia> pop(CGS,Metric) # m⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m]/[cm] Gauss -> Metric
julia> pop(IAU,Metric) # m⋅day⁶⋅s⁻⁶⋅au⁻¹
au⋅2⁻⁴²3⁻¹⁸5⁻¹² = 3.596192717038(72) × 10⁻¹⁹ [m⋅s⁻⁶]/[au⋅D⁻⁶] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> pop(English,Metric) # m⋅ft⁻¹
ft = 0.3048 [m]/[ft] English -> Metric
julia> pop(Survey,English) # ft⋅ftUS⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.volumeflow
— Constant
volumeflow : [L³T⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹]
volumeflow(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = area(U,S)*speed(U,S)
volumeflow(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/volumeflow(U,S)
L³T⁻¹ [ħ²𝘤⁻¹mₑ⁻²ϕ²g₀²] Unified
Volumetric flow rate or volumeflow
(m³⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> volumeflow(CGS,Metric) # m³⋅cm⁻³
2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 1.0×10⁻⁶ [m³]/[mL] Gauss -> Metric
julia> volumeflow(English,Metric) # m³⋅ft⁻³
ft³ = 0.028316846592000004 [m³]/[ft³] English -> Metric
julia> volumeflow(Survey,English) # ft³⋅ftUS⁻³
ft⁻³ftUS³ = 1.0000060000239996 [ft³]/[ft³] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.etendue
— Constant
etendue : [L²A²], [L²], [L²], [L²], [L²]
etendue(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = area(U,S)*solidangle(U,S)
etendue(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/etendue(U,S)
L²A² [ħ²𝘤⁻²mₑ⁻²ϕ⁴g₀²] Unified
Etendue or area times
solidangle (m², ft²), unit conversion
factor.
julia> etendue(CGS,Metric) # m²⋅cm⁻²
2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 0.0001 [m²]/[cm²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> etendue(English,Metric) # m²⋅ft⁻²
ft² = 0.09290304 [m²]/[ft²] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.photonintensity
— Constant
photonintensity : [T⁻¹A⁻²], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹], [T⁻¹]
photonintensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = frequency(U,S)/solidangle(U,S)
photonintensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/photonintensity(U,S)
T⁻¹A⁻² [ħ⁻¹𝘤²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻³g₀⁻¹] Unified
Photon intensity or frequency per
area (Hz⋅m⁻², m⁻²⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> photonintensity(IAU,Metric) day⋅s⁻¹
2⁻⁷3⁻³5⁻² = 1.1574074074074075×10⁻⁵ [Hz]/[D⁻¹] IAU☉ -> Metric
MeasureSystems.photonirradiance
— Constant
photonirradiance : [L⁻²T], [L⁻²T], [L⁻²T], [L⁻²T], [L⁻²T]
photonirradiance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/area(U,S)/time(U,S)
photonirradiance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/photonirradiance(U,S)
L⁻²T [ħ⁻¹mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified
Photon flux or frequency per
area (Hz⋅m⁻², m⁻²⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> photonirradiance(CGS,Metric) # cm²⋅m⁻²
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [m⁻²]/[cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> photonirradiance(English,Metric) # ft²⋅m⁻²
ft⁻² = 10.76391041670972 [m⁻²]/[ft⁻²] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.photonradiance
— Constant
photonradiance : [L⁻²TA⁻²], [L⁻²T], [L⁻²T], [L⁻²T], [L⁻²T]
photonradiance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = photonirradiance(U,S)/solidangle(U,S)
photonradiance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/photonradiance(U,S)
L⁻²TA⁻² [ħ⁻¹mₑ⋅ϕ⁻³g₀⁻¹] Unified
Photon radiance or photonirradiance
per solidangle (Hz⋅m⁻², m⁻²⋅s⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> photonradiance(CGS,Metric) # cm²⋅m⁻²
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [m⁻²]/[cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> photonradiance(English,Metric) # ft²⋅m⁻²
ft⁻² = 10.76391041670972 [m⁻²]/[ft⁻²] English -> Metric
Mechanical Units
MeasureSystems.inertia
— Constant
inertia : [FL⁻¹T²], [FL⁻¹T²], [M], [M], [M]
inertia(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)/gravity(U,S)
inertia(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/inertia(U,S)
FL⁻¹T² [mₑ⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified
Inertal mass or matter quantity or
resistance to aceleration (kg), unit conversion
factor.
julia> inertia(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> inertia(CODATA,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK⋅KJ²2⁻² = 1.000000017(12) [N]/[N] CODATA -> Metric
julia> inertia(Conventional,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK90⋅KJ90²2⁻² = 1.000000195536555 [N]/[N] Conventional -> Metric
julia> inertia(English,Metric) # kg⋅slug⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻¹lb = 14.593902937206364 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
julia> inertia(IAU,Metric) # kg⋅m⊙⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⁻¹au³kG²mP²τ³2⁻²⁸3⁻¹⁴5⁻¹⁰ = 1.988409(44) × 10³⁰ [kg]/[M☉] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> inertia(PlanckGauss,Metric) # kg⋅mP⁻¹
mP = 2.176434(24) × 10⁻⁸ [kg]/[mP] PlanckGauss -> Metric
MeasureSystems.mass
— Constant
mass : [M], [FL⁻¹T²], [M], [M], [M]
mass(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = electronmass(S)/electronmass(U)
mass(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/mass(U,S)
M [mₑ] Unified
Inertal mass or matter quantity or
resistance to aceleration (kg), unit conversion
factor.
julia> mass(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [kg]/[g] Gauss -> Metric
julia> mass(CODATA,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK⋅KJ²2⁻² = 1.000000017(12) [kg]/[kg] CODATA -> Metric
julia> mass(Conventional,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK90⋅KJ90²2⁻² = 1.000000195536555 [kg]/[kg] Conventional -> Metric
julia> mass(English,Metric) # kg⋅slug⁻¹
lb = 0.45359237 [kg]/[lbm] English -> Metric
julia> mass(IAU,Metric) # kg⋅m⊙⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⁻¹au³kG²mP²τ³2⁻²⁸3⁻¹⁴5⁻¹⁰ = 1.988409(44) × 10³⁰ [kg]/[M☉] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> mass(PlanckGauss,Metric) # kg⋅mP⁻¹
mP = 2.176434(24) × 10⁻⁸ [kg]/[mP] PlanckGauss -> Metric
MeasureSystems.massflow
— Constant
massflow : [MT⁻¹], [FL⁻¹T], [MT⁻¹], [MT⁻¹], [MT⁻¹]
massflow(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)/time(U,S)
massflow(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/massflow(U,S)
MT⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹𝘤²mₑ²ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified
Rate of massflow or mass
per time (kg⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> massflow(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [kg]/[g] Gauss -> Metric
julia> massflow(CODATA,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK⋅KJ²2⁻² = 1.000000017(12) [kg]/[kg] CODATA -> Metric
julia> massflow(Conventional,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK90⋅KJ90²2⁻² = 1.000000195536555 [kg]/[kg] Conventional -> Metric
julia> massflow(English,Metric) # kg⋅slug⁻¹
lb = 0.45359237 [kg]/[lbm] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.lineardensity
— Constant
lineardensity : [ML⁻¹], [FL⁻²T²], [ML⁻¹], [ML⁻¹], [ML⁻¹]
lineardensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)/length(U,S)
lineardensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/lineardensity(U,S)
ML⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹𝘤⋅mₑ²ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified
Amount of lineardensity or
mass per length (kg⋅m⁻¹),
unit conversion factor.
julia> lineardensity(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅cm¹⋅g⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.1 [kg⋅m⁻¹]/[g⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> lineardensity(CGS,British) # slug⋅cm¹⋅g⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft²lb⁻¹2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.002088543423315013 [lb⋅ft⁻²s²]/[g⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> British
julia> lineardensity(English,Metric) # kg⋅ft¹⋅lb⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
ft⁻¹lb = 1.4881639435695537 [kg⋅m⁻¹]/[lbm⋅ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.areadensity
— Constant
areadensity : [ML⁻²], [FL⁻³T²], [ML⁻²], [ML⁻²], [ML⁻²]
areadensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)/area(U,S)
areadensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/areadensity(U,S)
ML⁻² [ħ⁻²𝘤²mₑ³ϕ⁻²g₀⁻²] Unified
Surface or areadensity or
mass per area (kg⋅m⁻²),
unit conversion factor.
julia> areadensity(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅cm²⋅g⁻¹⋅m⁻²
2⋅5 = 10.0 [kg⋅m⁻²]/[g⋅cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> areadensity(CGS,English) # lb⋅cm²⋅g⁻¹⋅ft⁻²
ft²lb⁻¹2⋅5 = 2.048161436225217 [lbm⋅ft⁻²]/[g⋅cm⁻²] Gauss -> English
julia> areadensity(English,Metric) # kg⋅ft²⋅lb⁻¹⋅m⁻²
ft⁻²lb = 4.88242763638305 [kg⋅m⁻²]/[lbm⋅ft⁻²] English -> Metric
julia> areadensity(British,Metric) # kg⋅ft²⋅slug⁻¹⋅m⁻²
g₀⋅ft⁻³lb = 157.08746384624618 [kg⋅m⁻²]/[lb⋅ft⁻³s²] British -> Metric
MeasureSystems.density
— Constant
density : [ML⁻³], [FL⁻⁴T²], [ML⁻³], [ML⁻³], [ML⁻³]
density(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)/volume(U,S)
density(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/density(U,S)
ML⁻³ [ħ⁻³𝘤³mₑ⁴ϕ⁻³g₀⁻³] Unified
Specific mass or mass per
volume or density (kg⋅m⁻³),
unit conversion factor.
julia> density(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅cm³⋅g⁻¹⋅m⁻³
2³5³ = 1000.0 [kg⋅m⁻³]/[g⋅cm⁻³] Gauss -> Metric
julia> density(CGS,Brtish) # slug⋅cm³⋅g⁻¹⋅ft⁻³
g₀⁻¹ft⁴lb⁻¹2³5³ = 1.940320331979716 [slug⋅ft⁻³]/[g⋅cm⁻³] Gauss -> British
julia> density(English,Metric) # kg⋅ft³⋅lb⁻¹⋅m⁻³
ft⁻³lb = 16.018463373960138 [kg⋅m⁻³]/[lbm⋅ft⁻³] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.specificweight
— Constant
specificweight : [FL⁻³], [FL⁻³], [ML⁻²T⁻²], [ML⁻²T⁻²], [ML⁻²T⁻²]
specificweight(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = force(U,S)/volume(U,S)
specificweight(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificweight(U,S)
FL⁻³ [ħ⁻⁴𝘤⁶mₑ⁵ϕ⁻⁴g₀⁻⁵] Unified
Specific weight or force per
volume (N⋅m⁻³ or lb⋅ft⁻³), unit
conversion factor.
julia> specificweight(CGS,Metric) # N⋅cm³⋅dyn⁻¹⋅m⁻³
2⋅5 = 10.0 [kg⋅m⁻²s⁻²]/[g⋅cm⁻²s⁻²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> specificweight(CGS,Brtish) # lb⋅cm³⋅dyn⁻¹⋅ft⁻³
g₀⁻¹ft³lb⁻¹2⋅5 = 0.0636588035426416 [lb⋅ft⁻³]/[g⋅cm⁻²s⁻²] Gauss -> British
julia> specificweight(English,Metric) # N⋅ft³⋅lb⁻¹⋅m⁻³
g₀⋅ft⁻³lb = 157.08746384624618 [kg⋅m⁻²s⁻²]/[lbf⋅ft⁻³] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.specificvolume
— Constant
specificvolume : [M⁻¹L³], [F⁻¹L⁴T⁻²], [M⁻¹L³], [M⁻¹L³], [M⁻¹L³]
specificvolume(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = volume(U,S)/mass(U,S)
specificvolume(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificvolume(U,S)
M⁻¹L³ [ħ³𝘤⁻³mₑ⁻⁴ϕ³g₀³] Unified
Reciprocal density or
volume per mass or
specificvolume (m³⋅kg), unit conversion
factor.
julia> specificvolume(CGS,Metric) # g⋅m³⋅kg⁻¹⋅cm⁻³
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [kg⁻¹m³]/[g⁻¹cm³] Gauss -> Metric
julia> specificvolume(CGS,British) # kg⋅ft³⋅slug⁻¹⋅cm⁻³
g₀⋅ft⁻⁴lb⋅2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.5153788183931961 [lb⁻¹ft⁴s⁻²]/[g⁻¹cm³] Gauss -> British
julia> specificvolume(English,Metric) # lb⋅m³⋅kg⁻¹⋅ft⁻³
ft³lb⁻¹ = 0.062427960576144616 [kg⁻¹m³]/[lbm⁻¹ft³] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.force
— Constant
force : [F], [F], [MLT⁻²], [MLT⁻²], [MLT⁻²]
force(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = inertia(U,S)*acceleration(U,S)
force(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/force(U,S)
F [ħ⁻¹𝘤³mₑ²ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻²] Unified
Weight or force or inertia times
acceleration (N, kg⋅m⋅s⁻²), unit
conversion factor.
julia> force(CGS,Metric) # N⋅dyn⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [N]/[dyn] Gauss -> Metric
julia> force(CGS,English) # lb⋅dyn⁻¹
g₀⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 2.248089430997105×10⁻⁶ [lbf]/[dyn] Gauss -> English
julia> force(English,Metric) # N⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅lb = 4.4482216152605 [N]/[lbf] English -> Metric
julia> force(FPS,Metric) # pdl⋅N⁻¹
ft⋅lb = 0.13825495437600002 [N]/[pdl] FPS -> Metric
julia> force(Engineering,Metric) # kp⋅N⁻¹
g₀ = 9.80665 [N]/[kgf] Engineering -> Metric
MeasureSystems.specificforce
— Constant
specificforce : [FM⁻¹], [LT⁻²], [LT⁻²], [LT⁻²], [LT⁻²]
specificforce(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = acceleration(U,S)/gravity(U,S)
specificforce(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificforce(U,S)
FM⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹𝘤³mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻²] Unified
Weight or force per mass
or gforce (N/kg, m⋅s⁻²), unit conversion
factor.
julia> specificforce(CGS,Metric)
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [m⋅s⁻²]/[gal] Gauss -> Metric
julia> specificforce(Engineering,Metric)
g₀ = 9.80665 [N]/[kgf] Engineering -> Metric
julia> specificforce(English,Metric)
g₀ = 9.80665 [m⋅s⁻²]/[g₀] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.gravityforce
— Constant
gravityforce : [F⁻¹MLT⁻²], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙]
gravityforce(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = acceleration(U,S)/specificforce(U,S)
gravityforce(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/gravityforce(U,S)
F⁻¹MLT⁻² [g₀] Unified
Reference acceleration per
specificforce (𝟏, F⁻¹MLT⁻²), unit
conversion factor.
julia> gravityforce(Metric,CGS)
𝟏 = 1.0 [s²]/[s²] Metric -> Gauss
julia> gravityforce(Metric,Engineering)
g₀ = 9.80665 [kgf⁻¹]/[N⁻¹] Metric -> Engineering
julia> gravityforce(Metric,English)
g₀⋅ft⁻¹ = 32.17404855643044 [lbf⁻¹lbm⋅ft]/[s²] Metric -> English
MeasureSystems.pressure
— Constant
pressure : [FL⁻²], [FL⁻²], [ML⁻¹T⁻²], [ML⁻¹T⁻²], [ML⁻¹T⁻²]
pressure(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = force(U,S)/area(U,S)
pressure(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/pressure(U,S)
FL⁻² [ħ⁻³𝘤⁵mₑ⁴ϕ⁻³g₀⁻⁴] Unified
Pressure or stress or force per
area (Pa, N⋅m⁻², kg⋅m⁻¹⋅s⁻²), unit
conversion factor.
julia> pressure(CGS,Metric) # Pa⋅Ba⁻¹
2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.1 [Pa]/[Ba] Gauss -> Metric
julia> 1/atm # Pa⋅atm⁻¹
atm⁻¹ = 9.869232667160129×10⁻⁶
julia> pressure(English,Metric) # Pa⋅ft²⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻²lb = 47.88025898033583 [Pa]/[lbf⋅ft⁻²] English -> Metric
julia> pressure(Metric,IPS) # psi⋅Pa⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft²lb⁻¹2⁻⁴3⁻² = 0.0001450377377302092 [lb⋅in⁻²]/[Pa] Metric -> IPS
MeasureSystems.compressibility
— Constant
compressibility : [F⁻¹L²], [F⁻¹L²], [M⁻¹LT²], [M⁻¹LT²], [M⁻¹LT²]
compressibility(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/pressure(U,S)
compressibility(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/compressibility(U,S)
F⁻¹L² [ħ³𝘤⁻⁵mₑ⁻⁴ϕ³g₀⁴] Unified
Relative volume change or
compressibility (Pa⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> compressibility(CGS,Metric) # Ba⋅Pa⁻¹
2⋅5 = 10.0 [Pa⁻¹]/[Ba⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> compressibility(English,Metric) # lb⋅ft⁻²⋅Pa⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft²lb⁻¹ = 0.02088543423315013 [Pa⁻¹]/[lbf⁻¹ft²] English -> Metric
julia> compressibility(Metric,IPS) # Pa⋅psi⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻²lb⋅2⁴3² = 6894.75729316836 [lb⁻¹in²]/[Pa⁻¹] Metric -> IPS
MeasureSystems.viscosity
— Constant
viscosity : [FL⁻²T], [FL⁻²T], [ML⁻¹T⁻¹], [ML⁻¹T⁻¹], [ML⁻¹T⁻¹]
viscosity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = inertia(U,S)/length(U,S)/time(U,S)
viscosity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/viscosity(U,S)
FL⁻²T [ħ⁻²𝘤³mₑ³ϕ⁻²g₀⁻³] Unified
Resistance to deformation or
viscosity (Pa⋅s, kg⋅m⁻¹⋅s⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> viscosity(CGS,Metric) # Pa⋅Ba⁻¹
2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.1 [Pa]/[Ba] Gauss -> Metric
julia> viscosity(English,Metric) # Pa⋅ft²⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻²lb = 47.88025898033583 [Pa]/[lbf⋅ft⁻²] English -> Metric
julia> viscosity(British,Metric) # Pa⋅ft²⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻²lb = 47.88025898033583 [Pa]/[lb⋅ft⁻²] British -> Metric
MeasureSystems.diffusivity
— Constant
diffusivity : [L²T⁻¹], [L²T⁻¹], [L²T⁻¹], [L²T⁻¹], [L²T⁻¹]
diffusivity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = speed(U,S)*length(U,S)
diffusivity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/diffusivity(U,S)
L²T⁻¹ [ħ⋅mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅g₀] Unified
Thermal diffusivity or kinematic
viscostiy (m²⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> diffusivity(CGS,Metric) # m²⋅cm⁻²
2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 0.0001 [m²]/[cm²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> diffusivity(English,Metric) # m²⋅ft⁻²
ft² = 0.09290304 [m²]/[ft²] English -> Metric
julia> diffusivity(Survey,English) # ft²⋅ftUS⁻²
ft⁻²ftUS² = 1.0000040000119996 [ft²]/[ft²] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.rotationalinertia
— Constant
rotationalinertia : [ML²], [FLT²], [ML²], [ML²], [ML²]
rotationalinertia(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)*area(U,S)
rotationalinertia(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/rotationalinertia(U,S)
ML² [ħ²𝘤⁻²mₑ⁻¹ϕ²g₀²] Unified
Moment of inertia or
rotationalinertia (kg⋅m²), unit
conversion factor.
julia> rotationalinertia(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅m²⋅g⁻¹⋅cm⁻²
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [kg⋅m²]/[g⋅cm²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> rotationalinertia(CGS,British) # slug⋅ft²⋅g⁻¹⋅cm⁻²
g₀⁻¹ft⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 7.375621492772652×10⁻⁸ [lb⋅ft⋅s²]/[g⋅cm²] Gauss -> British
julia> rotationalinertia(English,Metric) # kg⋅m²⋅lb⁻¹⋅ft⁻²
ft²lb = 0.042140110093804806 [kg⋅m²]/[lbm⋅ft²] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.impulse
— Constant
impulse : [FT], [FT], [MLT⁻¹], [MLT⁻¹], [MLT⁻¹]
impulse(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = force(U,S)*time(U,S)
impulse(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/impulse(U,S)
FT [𝘤⋅mₑ⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified
Linear impulse or force
times time (N⋅s, kg⋅m⋅s⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> impulse(CGS,Metric) # N⋅dyn⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [N]/[dyn] Gauss -> Metric
julia> impulse(CGS,English) # lb⋅dyn⁻¹
g₀⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 2.248089430997105×10⁻⁶ [lbf]/[dyn] Gauss -> English
julia> impulse(English,Metric) # N⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅lb = 4.4482216152605 [N]/[lbf] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.momentum
— Constant
momentum : [MLT⁻¹], [FT], [MLT⁻¹], [MLT⁻¹], [MLT⁻¹]
momentum(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)*speed(U,S)
momentum(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/momentum(U,S)
MLT⁻¹ [𝘤⋅mₑ] Unified
Linear momentum or mass
times speed (N⋅s, kg⋅m⋅s⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> momentum(CGS,Metric) # N⋅dyn⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [kg⋅m]/[g⋅cm] Gauss -> Metric
julia> momentum(CGS,English) # lb⋅dyn⁻¹
ft⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 7.233013851209893×10⁻⁵ [lbm⋅ft]/[g⋅cm] Gauss -> English
julia> momentum(British,Metric) # N⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅lb = 4.4482216152605 [kg⋅m]/[lb⋅s²] British -> Metric
MeasureSystems.angularmomentum
— Constant
angularmomentum : [FLTA⁻¹], [FLT], [ML²T⁻¹], [ML²T⁻¹], [ML²T⁻¹]
angularmomentum(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = impulse(U,S)*length(U,S)/angle(U,S)
angularmomentum(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/angularmomentum(U,S)
FLTA⁻¹ [ħ] Unified
Rotational momentum or
angularmomentum (N⋅m⋅s, kg⋅m²⋅s⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> momentum(CGS,Metric) # N⋅m⋅dyn⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [kg⋅m]/[g⋅cm] Gauss -> Metric
julia> momentum(CGS,English) # lb⋅ft⋅dyn⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
ft⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 7.233013851209893×10⁻⁵ [lbm⋅ft]/[g⋅cm] Gauss -> English
julia> momentum(British,Metric) # N⋅m⋅lb⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹
g₀⋅lb = 4.4482216152605 [kg⋅m]/[lb⋅s²] British -> Metric
MeasureSystems.yank
— Constant
yank : [MLT⁻³], [FT⁻¹], [MLT⁻³], [MLT⁻³], [MLT⁻³]
yank(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)*jerk(U,S)
yank(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/yank(U,S)
MLT⁻³ [ħ⁻²𝘤⁵mₑ³ϕ⁻²g₀⁻²] Unified
Rate of change of force or
yank (N⋅s⁻¹, kg⋅m⋅s⁻³), unit conversion
factor.
julia> yank(CGS,Metric) # N⋅dyn⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [kg⋅m]/[g⋅cm] Gauss -> Metric
julia> yank(CGS,English) # lb⋅dyn⁻¹
ft⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 7.233013851209893×10⁻⁵ [lbm⋅ft]/[g⋅cm] Gauss -> English
julia> yank(British,Metric) # N⋅lb⁻¹⋅
g₀⋅lb = 4.4482216152605 [kg⋅m]/[lb⋅s²] British -> Metric
MeasureSystems.energy
— Constant
energy : [FL], [FL], [ML²T⁻²], [ML²T⁻²], [ML²T⁻²]
energy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)*specificenergy(U,S)
energy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/energy(U,S)
FL [𝘤²mₑ⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified
Work or heat or energy (J, N⋅m,
kg⋅m²⋅s⁻²), unit conversion factor.
julia> energy(CGS,Metric) # J⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric
julia> energy(CGS,English) # ft⋅lb⋅erg⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 7.375621492772652×10⁻⁸ [lbf⋅ft]/[erg] Gauss -> English
julia> energy(English,Metric) # J⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⋅lb = 1.3558179483314003 [J]/[lbf⋅ft] English -> Metric
julia> 0.001/3600 # J⋅kW⁻¹⋅h⁻¹
2.7777777777777776e-7
julia> 1/elementarycharge(SI2019) # J⋅eV⁻¹
𝘦⁻¹ = 6.241509074460763×10¹⁸ [C⁻¹] SI2019
MeasureSystems.specificenergy
— Constant
specificenergy : [FM⁻¹L], [L²T⁻²], [L²T⁻²], [L²T⁻²], [L²T⁻²]
specificenergy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = speed(U,S)^2/gravity(U,S)
specificenergy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificenergy(U,S)
FM⁻¹L [𝘤²g₀⁻¹] Unified
Massic energy or energy per
mass or specificenergy
(J⋅kg⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> specificenergy(CGS,Metric) # m²⋅cm⁻²
2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 0.0001 [J⋅kg⁻¹]/[erg⋅g⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> specificenergy(IAU,Metric) # m²⋅day²⋅s⁻²⋅au⁻²
au²2⁻¹⁴3⁻⁶5⁻⁴ = 2.99794277772(12) × 10¹² [J⋅kg⁻¹]/[au²D⁻²] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> specificenergy(English,Metric) # m²⋅ft⁻²
g₀⋅ft = 2.98906692 [J⋅kg⁻¹]/[lbf⋅lbm⁻¹ft] English -> Metric
julia> specificenergy(Survey,English) # ft²⋅ftUS⁻²
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.action
— Constant
action : [FLT], [FLT], [ML²T⁻¹], [ML²T⁻¹], [ML²T⁻¹]
action(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = energy(U,S)*time(U,S)
action(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/action(U,S)
FLT [ħ⋅ϕ] Unified
Integrated momentum over
length or action (J⋅s,
N⋅m⋅s), unit conversion factor.
julia> action(CGS,Metric) # J⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric
julia> action(CGS,English) # ft⋅lb⋅erg⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 7.375621492772652×10⁻⁸ [lbf⋅ft]/[erg] Gauss -> English
julia> action(English,Metric) # J⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⋅lb = 1.3558179483314003 [J]/[lbf⋅ft] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.fluence
— Constant
fluence : [FL⁻¹], [FL⁻¹], [MT⁻²], [MT⁻²], [MT⁻²]
fluence(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = energy(U,S)/area(U,S
fluence(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/fluence(U,S)
FL⁻¹ [ħ⁻²𝘤⁴mₑ³ϕ⁻²g₀⁻³] Unified
Radiant exposure or force per
length or stiffness (N⋅m⁻¹, J⋅m⁻²), unit
conversion factor.
julia> fluence(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [kg]/[g] Gauss -> Metric
julia> fluence(CGS,English) # lb⋅g⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⋅lb⁻¹2⁻³5⁻³ = 6.852176585679177×10⁻⁵ [lbf⋅ft⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> English
julia> fluence(CODATA,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK⋅KJ²2⁻² = 1.000000017(12) [kg]/[kg] CODATA -> Metric
julia> fluence(Conventional,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK90⋅KJ90²2⁻² = 1.000000195536555 [N]/[N] Conventional -> Metric
julia> fluence(English,Metric) # kg⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻¹lb = 14.593902937206364 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.power
— Constant
power : [FLT⁻¹], [FLT⁻¹], [ML²T⁻³], [ML²T⁻³], [ML²T⁻³]
power(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = energy(U,S)/time(U,S))
power(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/power(U,S)
FLT⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹𝘤⁴mₑ²ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻²] Unified
Radiant flux or power or
energy per time (W, J⋅s⁻¹,
kg⋅m²⋅s⁻³), unit conversion factor.
julia> power(CGS,Metric) # W⋅s⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric
julia> power(English,Metric) # W⋅s⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⋅lb = 1.3558179483314003 [J]/[lbf⋅ft] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.powerdensity
— Constant
powerdensity : [FL⁻²T⁻¹], [FL⁻²T⁻¹], [ML⁻¹T⁻³], [ML⁻¹T⁻³], [ML⁻¹T⁻³]
powerdensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = power(U,S)/volume(U,S)
powerdensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/powerdensity(U,S)
FL⁻²T⁻¹ [ħ⁻⁴𝘤⁷mₑ⁵ϕ⁻⁴g₀⁻⁵] Unified
Spectral irradiance (volume) or
powerdensity (W⋅m⁻³), unit conversion
factor.
julia> powerdensity(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅cm⋅g⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.1 [Pa]/[Ba] Gauss -> Metric
julia> powerdensity(CGS,English) # lb⋅cm⋅g⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft²lb⁻¹2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.002088543423315013 [lbf⋅ft⁻²]/[Ba] Gauss -> English
julia> powerdensity(English,Metric) # kg⋅ft⋅lb⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻²lb = 47.88025898033583 [Pa]/[lbf⋅ft⁻²] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.irradiance
— Constant
irradiance : [FL⁻¹T⁻¹], [FL⁻¹T⁻¹], [MT⁻³], [MT⁻³], [MT⁻³]
irradiance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = power(U,S)/area(U,S)
irradiance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/irradiance(U,S)
FL⁻¹T⁻¹ [ħ⁻³𝘤⁶mₑ⁴ϕ⁻³g₀⁻⁴] Unified
Heat flux density or irradiance or
power per area (W⋅m⁻²,
kg⋅s⁻³), unit conversion factor.
julia> irradiance(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> irradiance(CGS,English) # lb⋅g⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⋅lb⁻¹2⁻³5⁻³ = 6.852176585679177×10⁻⁵ [lbf⋅ft⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> English
julia> irradiance(English,Metric) # kg⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻¹lb = 14.593902937206364 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.radiance
— Constant
radiance : [FL⁻¹T⁻¹A⁻²], [FL⁻¹T⁻¹], [MT⁻³], [MT⁻³], [MT⁻³]
radiance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = irradiance(U,S)/solidangle(U,S)
radiance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/radiance(U,S)
FL⁻¹T⁻¹A⁻² [ħ⁻³𝘤⁶mₑ⁴ϕ⁻⁵g₀⁻⁴] Unified
Radiance or irradiance per
solidangle (W⋅m⁻²⋅sr⁻¹, kg⋅s⁻³⋅sr⁻¹),
unit conversion factor.
julia> radiance(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> radiance(CGS,English) # lb⋅g⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⋅lb⁻¹2⁻³5⁻³ = 6.852176585679177×10⁻⁵ [lbf⋅ft⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> English
julia> radiance(English,Metric) # kg⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻¹lb = 14.593902937206364 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.radiantintensity
— Constant
radiantintensity : [FLT⁻¹A⁻²], [FLT⁻¹], [ML²T⁻³], [ML²T⁻³], [ML²T⁻³]
radiantintensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = power(U,S)/solidangle(U,S)
radiantintensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/radiantintensity(U,S)
FLT⁻¹A⁻² [ħ⁻¹𝘤⁴mₑ²ϕ⁻³g₀⁻²] Unified
Radiant intensity or power per
solidangle (W⋅sr⁻¹, W⋅rad⁻²), unit
conversion factor.
julia> radiantintensity(CGS,Metric) # W⋅s⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric
julia> radiantintensity(English,Metric) # W⋅s⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⋅lb = 1.3558179483314003 [J]/[lbf⋅ft] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.spectralflux
— Constant
spectralflux : [FT⁻¹], [FT⁻¹], [MLT⁻³], [MLT⁻³], [MLT⁻³]
spectralflux(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = power(U,S)/length(U,S)
spectralflux(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/spectralflux(U,S)
FT⁻¹ [ħ⁻²𝘤⁵mₑ³ϕ⁻²g₀⁻³] Unified
Spectral power or power per wave
length (W⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> spectralflux(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅m⋅g⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [N]/[dyn] Gauss -> Metric
julia> spectralflux(CGS,English) # lb⋅ft⋅g⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
g₀⁻¹lb⁻¹2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 2.248089430997105×10⁻⁶ [lbf]/[dyn] Gauss -> English
julia> spectralflux(English,Metric) # kg⋅m⋅lb⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹
g₀⋅lb = 4.4482216152605 [N]/[lbf] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.spectralexposure
— Constant
spectralexposure : [FL⁻¹T], [FL⁻¹T], [MT⁻¹], [MT⁻¹], [MT⁻¹]
spectralexposure(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = force(U,S)/speed(U,S)
spectralexposure(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/spectralexposure(U,S)
FL⁻¹T [ħ⁻¹𝘤²mₑ²ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻²] Unified
Spectral exposure or fluence per
frequency (N⋅s⋅m⁻¹, J⋅s⋅m⁻²), unit
conversion factor.
julia> spectralexposure(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> spectralexposure(CGS,English) # lb⋅g⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⋅lb⁻¹2⁻³5⁻³ = 6.852176585679177×10⁻⁵ [lbf⋅ft⁻¹]/[dyn⋅cm⁻¹] Gauss -> English
julia> spectralexposure(CODATA,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK⋅KJ²2⁻² = 1.000000017(12) [N]/[N] CODATA -> Metric
julia> spectralexposure(Conventional,Metric) # kg⋅kg⁻¹
𝘩⋅RK90⋅KJ90²2⁻² = 1.000000195536555 [N]/[N] Conventional -> Metric
julia> spectralexposure(English,Metric) # kg⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻¹lb = 14.593902937206364 [N⋅m⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.soundexposure
— Constant
soundexposure : [F²L⁻⁴T], [F²L⁻⁴T], [M²L⁻²T⁻³], [M²L⁻²T⁻³], [M²L⁻²T⁻³]
soundexposure(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = pressure(U,S)^2*time(U,S)
soundexposure(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/soundexposure(U,S)
F²L⁻⁴T [ħ⁻⁵𝘤⁸mₑ⁷ϕ⁻⁵g₀⁻⁷] Unified
Square of pressure by
time or soundexposure
(Pa²⋅s, N²⋅m⁻⁴), unit conversion factor.
julia> soundexposure(CGS,Metric) # Pa²⋅Ba⁻²
2⁻²5⁻² = 0.010000000000000002 [kg²m⁻²s⁻⁴]/[g²cm⁻²s⁻⁴] Gauss -> Metric
julia> soundexposure(English,Metric) # Pa²⋅ft⁴⋅lb⁻²
g₀²ft⁻⁴lb² = 2292.519200024031 [kg²m⁻²s⁻⁴]/[lbf²ft⁻⁴] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.impedance
— Method
impedance : [FL⁻⁵T], [FL⁻⁵T], [ML⁻⁴T⁻¹], [ML⁻⁴T⁻¹], [ML⁻⁴T⁻¹]
impedance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = specificimpedance(U,S)/area(U,S)
impedance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/impedance(U,S)
FL⁻⁵T [ħ⁻⁵𝘤⁶mₑ⁶ϕ⁻⁵g₀⁻⁶] Unified
Acoustic impedance (Rayl⋅m⁻²,
Pa⋅s⋅m⁻³, kg⋅s⁻¹⋅m⁻⁴), unit conversion factor.
julia> impedance(CGS,Metric) # Pa⋅cm³⋅m⁻³⋅Ba⁻¹
2⁵5⁵ = 100000.0 [kg⋅m⁻⁴s⁻²]/[g⋅cm⁻⁴s⁻²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> impedance(English,Metric) # Pa⋅ft⁵⋅m⁻³⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻⁵lb = 1690.875388429121 [kg⋅m⁻⁴s⁻²]/[lbf⋅ft⁻⁵] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.specificimpedance
— Constant
specificimpedance : [FL⁻³T], [FL⁻³T], [ML⁻²T⁻¹], [ML⁻²T⁻¹], [ML⁻²T⁻¹]
specificimpedance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = pressure(U,S)/speed(U,S)
specificimpedance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificimpedance(U,S)
FL⁻³T [ħ⁻³𝘤⁴mₑ⁴ϕ⁻³g₀⁻⁴] Unified
Characteristic specific acoustic impedance (Rayl, Pa⋅s⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> specificimpedance(CGS,Metric) # Pa⋅cm⋅m⁻¹⋅Ba⁻¹
2⋅5 = 10.0 [kg⋅m⁻²s⁻²]/[g⋅cm⁻²s⁻²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> specificimpedance(English,Metric) # Pa⋅ft³⋅m⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⁻³lb = 157.08746384624618 [kg⋅m⁻²s⁻²]/[lbf⋅ft⁻³] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.admittance
— Constant
admittance : [F⁻¹L⁵T⁻¹], [F⁻¹L⁵T⁻¹], [M⁻¹L⁴T], [M⁻¹L⁴T], [M⁻¹L⁴T]
admittance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = area(U,S)/specificimpedance(U,S)
admittance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/admittance(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁵T⁻¹ [ħ⁵𝘤⁻⁶mₑ⁻⁶ϕ⁵g₀⁶] Unified
Acoustic admittance (m²⋅Rayl⁻¹,
m³⋅s⁻¹⋅Pa⁻¹, m⁴⋅s⋅kg⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> admittance(CGS,Metric) # Ba⋅m³⋅cm⁻³⋅Pa⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [kg⁻¹m⁴s²]/[g⁻¹cm⁴s²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> admittance(English,Metric) # lb⋅m³⋅ft⁻⁵⋅Pa⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⁵lb⁻¹ = 0.0005914096371874175 [kg⁻¹m⁴s²]/[lbf⁻¹ft⁵] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.compliance
— Constant
compliance : [M⁻¹T²], [F⁻¹L], [M⁻¹T²], [M⁻¹T²], [M⁻¹T²]
compliance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = time(U,S)^2/mass(U,S)
compliance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/compliance(U,S)
M⁻¹T² [ħ²𝘤⁻⁴mₑ⁻³ϕ²g₀²] Unified
Acoustic compliance is reciprocal of
fluence (m⋅N⁻¹, m³⋅Pa⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> compliance(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2³5³ = 1000.0 [kg⁻¹]/[g⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> compliance(CGS,English) # slug⋅g⁻¹
lb⋅2³5³ = 453.59237 [lbm⁻¹]/[g⁻¹] Gauss -> English
julia> compliance(English,Metric) # kg⋅lb⁻¹
lb⁻¹ = 2.2046226218487757 [kg⁻¹]/[lbm⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.inertance
— Constant
inertance : [ML⁻⁴], [FL⁻⁵T²], [ML⁻⁴], [ML⁻⁴], [ML⁻⁴]
inertance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)/length(U,S)^4
inertance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/inertance(U,S)
ML⁻⁴ [ħ⁻⁴𝘤⁴mₑ⁵ϕ⁻⁴g₀⁻⁴] Unified
Acoustic mass or inertance (kg⋅m⁴,
Pa⋅s²⋅m⁻³), unit conversion factor.
julia> inertance(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅cm⁴⋅g⁻¹⋅m⁻⁴
2⁵5⁵ = 100000.0 [kg⋅m⁻⁴]/[g⋅cm⁻⁴] Gauss -> Metric
julia> inertance(CGS,English) # slug⋅cm⁴⋅g⁻¹⋅ft⁻⁴
ft⁴lb⁻¹2⁵5⁵ = 1902.804238360888 [lbm⋅ft⁻⁴]/[g⋅cm⁻⁴] Gauss -> English
julia> inertance(English,Metric) # kg⋅ft⁴⋅lb⁻¹⋅m⁻⁴
ft⁻⁴lb = 52.55401369409494 [kg⋅m⁻⁴]/[lbm⋅ft⁻⁴] English -> Metric
Electromagnetic Units
The following unit conversions have been verified for
CGS UnitSystem variants: reference
information.
MeasureSystems.charge
— Method
charge : [Q], [Q], [Q], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻¹]
charge(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = sqrt(action(U,S)*current(U,S)/electricpotential(U,S))
charge(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/charge(U,S)
Q [ħ¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²ϕ¹ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹] Unified
Electric charge quantization (C,
A⋅s), unit conversion factor.
julia> charge(EMU,Metric) # C⋅abC⁻¹
2⋅5 = 10.0 [C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric
julia> charge(EMU,ESU) # stC⋅abC⁻¹
𝘤⋅2²5² = 2.99792458×10¹⁰ [g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU
julia> charge(ESU,Metric) # C⋅stC⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 3.3356409519815207×10⁻¹⁰ [C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> charge(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅C⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
julia> charge(Hartree,SI2019) # C⋅𝘦⁻¹
𝘦 = 1.602176634×10⁻¹⁹ [C]/[𝘦] Hartree -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.chargedensity
— Constant
chargedensity : [L⁻³Q], [L⁻³Q], [L⁻³Q], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻⁵ᐟ²], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻³ᐟ²T⁻¹]
chargedensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = charge(U,S)/volume(U,S)
chargedensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/chargedensity(U,S)
L⁻³Q [ħ⁻⁵ᐟ²𝘤⁵ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ³ϕ⁻⁵ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹g₀⁻³] Unified
Volume chargedensity or
charge per volume (C⋅m⁻³),
unit conversion factor.
julia> chargedensity(EMU,Metric) # C⋅cm³⋅abC⁻¹⋅m⁻³
2⁷5⁷ = 1.0×10⁷ [m⁻³C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻⁵ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric
julia> chargedensity(ESU,Metric) # C⋅cm³⋅statC⁻¹⋅m⁼³
𝘤⁻¹2⁵5⁵ = 0.00033356409519815205 [m⁻³C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> chargedensity(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅C⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.linearchargedensity
— Constant
linearchargedensity : [L⁻¹Q], [L⁻¹Q], [L⁻¹Q], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻¹ᐟ²], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²T⁻¹]
linearchargedensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = charge(U,S)/length(U,S)
linearchargedensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/linearchargedensity(U,S)
L⁻¹Q [ħ⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified
Amount of linearchargedensity or
charge per length (C⋅m⁻¹),
unit conversion factor.
julia> linearchargedensity(EMU,Metric) # C⋅cm⋅abC⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
2³5³ = 1000.0 [m⁻¹C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric
julia> linearchargedensity(ESU,Metric) # C⋅cm⋅statC⁻¹⋅m⁼¹
𝘤⁻¹2⋅5 = 3.3356409519815205×10⁻⁸ [m⁻¹C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> linearchargedensity(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅C⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.exposure
— Constant
exposure : [M⁻¹Q], [F⁻¹LT⁻²Q], [M⁻¹Q], [M⁻¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²], [M⁻¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻¹]
exposure(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = charge(U,S)/mass(U,S)
exposure(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/exposure(U,S)
M⁻¹Q [ħ¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ⁻¹ϕ¹ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹] Unified
Ionizing radiation exposure or
charge per mass (C⋅kg⁻¹),
unit conversion factor.
julia> exposure(EMU,Metric) # C⋅g⋅abC⁻¹⋅kg
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [kg⁻¹C]/[g⁻¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric
julia> exposure(EMU,ESU) # statC⋅abC⁻¹
𝘤⋅2²5² = 2.99792458×10¹⁰ [g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU
julia> expsure(ESU,Metric) # C⋅g⋅statC⁻¹⋅kg
𝘤⁻¹2²5² = 3.3356409519815204×10⁻⁷ [kg⁻¹C]/[g⁻¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> exposure(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅C⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.mobility
— Constant
mobility : [FL³T⁻¹Q⁻¹], [FL³T⁻¹Q⁻¹], [ML⁴T⁻³Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁷ᐟ²T⁻³], [M¹ᐟ²L⁵ᐟ²T⁻²]
mobility(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = length(U,S)*speed(U,S)/electricpotential(U,S)
mobility(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/mobility(U,S)
FL³T⁻¹Q⁻¹ [ħ¹ᐟ²𝘤⁵ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²ϕ¹ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²αL] Unified
Electron mobility in solid state
physics (m²⋅V⁻¹⋅s⁻¹, A⋅s⋅kg⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> mobility(EMU,Metric) # C⋅g⋅abC⁻¹⋅kg
2⁻¹²5⁻¹² = 1.0×10⁻¹² [kg⋅m⁴s⁻²C⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁷ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric
julia> mobility(EMU,ESU) # statC⋅abC⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻²5⁻² = 3.335640951981521×10⁻¹¹ [g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²s]/[g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU
julia> mobility(ESU,Metric) # C⋅g⋅statC⁻¹⋅kg
𝘤⋅2⁻¹⁰5⁻¹⁰ = 0.029979245800000002 [kg⋅m⁴s⁻²C⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁵ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> mobility(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅C⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.current
— Constant
current : [T⁻¹Q], [T⁻¹Q], [T⁻¹Q], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻²]
current(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = charge(U,S)/time(U,S)
current(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/current(U,S)
T⁻¹Q [ħ⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤³ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified
Flow of electric charge per
time or current (A, C⋅s⁻¹),
unit conversion factor.
julia> current(EMU,Metric) # A⋅Bi⁻¹
2⋅5 = 10.0 [C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric
julia> current(EMU,ESU) # statA⋅Bi⁻¹
𝘤⋅2²5² = 2.99792458×10¹⁰ [g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU
julia> current(ESU,Metric) # A⋅statA⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 3.3356409519815207×10⁻¹⁰ [C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> current(Metric,SI2019) # A⋅A⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.currentdensity
— Constant
currentdensity : [L⁻²T⁻¹Q], [L⁻²T⁻¹Q], [L⁻²T⁻¹Q], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻³ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻¹ᐟ²T⁻²]
currentdensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = current(U,S)/area(U,S)
currentdensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/currentdensity(U,S)
L⁻²T⁻¹Q [ħ⁻⁵ᐟ²𝘤⁷ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ³ϕ⁻⁵ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹g₀⁻³] Unified
Cross-section currentdensity or
current per area (A⋅m⁻²),
unit conversion factor.
julia> currentdensity(EMU,Metric) # A⋅cm²⋅Bi⁻¹⋅m⁻²
2⁵5⁵ = 100000.0 [m⁻²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric
julia> currentdensity(ESU,Metric) # A⋅cm²⋅statA⁻¹⋅m⁼²
𝘤⁻¹2³5³ = 3.3356409519815205×10⁻⁶ [m⁻²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> currentdensity(Metric,SI2019) # A⋅A⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.resistance
— Constant
resistance : [FLTQ⁻²], [FLTQ⁻²], [ML²T⁻¹Q⁻²], [LT⁻¹], [L⁻¹T]
resistance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = electricpotential(U,S)/current(U,S)
resistance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/resistance(U,S)
FLTQ⁻² [𝘤⋅μ₀⋅λ⋅αL²] Unified
Electrical resistance or
electricpotential per
current (Ω, S⁻¹, V⋅A⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> resistance(EMU,Metric) # Ω⋅abΩ⁻¹
2⁻⁹5⁻⁹ = 1.0×10⁻⁹ [F⁻¹]/[gal] EMU -> Metric
julia> resistance(ESU,Metric) # Ω⋅statΩ⁻¹
𝘤²2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 8.987551787368176×10¹¹ [F⁻¹]/[cm⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> resistance(Metric,SI2019) # Ω⋅Ω⁻¹
𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹𝘦⁻²α⋅τ⁻¹2⁷5⁷ = 1.00000000055(15) [C⁻²]/[C⁻²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.conductance
— Method
conductance : [F⁻¹L⁻¹T⁻¹Q²], [F⁻¹L⁻¹T⁻¹Q²], [M⁻¹L⁻²TQ²], [L⁻¹T], [LT⁻¹]
conductance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = current(U,S)/electricpotential(U,S)
conductance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/conductance(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁻¹T⁻¹Q² [𝘤⁻¹μ₀⁻¹λ⁻¹αL⁻²] Unified
Electrical conductance or
current per
electricpotential (S, Ω⁻¹, A⋅V⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> conductance(EMU,Metric) # S⋅abS⁻¹
2⁹5⁹ = 1.0×10⁹ [F]/[cm⁻¹s²] EMU -> Metric
julia> conductance(ESU,Metric) # S⋅statS⁻¹
𝘤⁻²2⁵5⁵ = 1.1126500560536183×10⁻¹² [F]/[cm] ESU -> Metric
julia> conductance(Metric,SI2019) # S⋅S⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅𝘦²α⁻¹τ⋅2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 0.99999999945(15) [C²]/[C²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.resistivity
— Constant
resistivity : [FL²TQ⁻²], [FL²TQ⁻²], [ML³T⁻¹Q⁻²], [L²T⁻¹], [T]
resistivity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = resistance(U,S)*length(U,S)
resistivity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/resistivity(U,S)
FL²TQ⁻² [ħ⋅μ₀⋅mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅λ⋅αL²g₀] Unified
Electrical resistivity or
resistance by length (Ω⋅m),
unit conversion factor.
julia> resistance(EMU,Metric) # Ω⋅m⋅abΩ⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻⁹5⁻⁹ = 1.0×10⁻⁹ [F⁻¹]/[gal] EMU -> Metric
julia> resistance(ESU,Metric) # Ω⋅m⋅statΩ⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
𝘤²2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 8.987551787368176×10¹¹ [F⁻¹]/[cm⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> resistance(Metric,SI2019) # Ω⋅Ω⁻¹
𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹𝘦⁻²α⋅τ⁻¹2⁷5⁷ = 1.00000000055(15) [C⁻²]/[C⁻²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.conductivity
— Constant
conductivity : [F⁻¹L⁻²T⁻¹Q²], [F⁻¹L⁻²T⁻¹Q²], [M⁻¹L⁻³TQ²], [L⁻²T], [T⁻¹]
conductivity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = conductance(U,S)/length(U,S)
conductivity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/conductivity(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁻²T⁻¹Q² [ħ⁻¹μ₀⁻¹mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹λ⁻¹αL⁻²g₀⁻¹] Unified
Reciprocal resistivity or electrical
conductivity (S⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> conductivity(EMU,Metric) # S⋅cm⋅abS⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
2¹¹5¹¹ = 1.0×10¹¹ [F⋅m⁻¹]/[cm⁻²s²] EMU -> Metric
julia> conductivity(ESU,Metric) # S⋅cm⋅statS⁻¹⋅m⁼¹
𝘤⁻²2⁷5⁷ = 1.1126500560536183×10⁻¹⁰ [F⋅m⁻¹]/[𝟙] ESU -> Metric
julia> conductivity(Metric,SI2019) # S⋅S⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅𝘦²α⁻¹τ⋅2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 0.99999999945(15) [C²]/[C²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.capacitance
— Constant
capacitance : [F⁻¹L⁻¹Q²], [F⁻¹L⁻¹Q²], [M⁻¹L⁻²T²Q²], [L⁻¹T²], [L]
capacitance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = charge(U,S)/electricpotential(U,S)
capacitance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/capacitance(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁻¹Q² [ħ⋅𝘤⁻³μ₀⁻¹mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅λ⁻¹αL⁻²g₀] Unified
Electrical capactiance or
charge per
electricpotential (F, C⋅V⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> capacitance(EMU,Metric) # F⋅abF⁻¹
2⁹5⁹ = 1.0×10⁹ [F]/[cm⁻¹s²] EMU -> Metric
julia> capacitance(ESU,Metric) # F⋅cm⁻¹
𝘤⁻²2⁵5⁵ = 1.1126500560536183×10⁻¹² [F]/[cm] ESU -> Metric
julia> capactiance(Metric,SI2019) # F⋅F⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅𝘦²α⁻¹τ⋅2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 0.99999999945(15) [C²]/[C²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.inductance
— Constant
inductance : [FLT²Q⁻²], [FLT²Q⁻²], [ML²Q⁻²], [L], [L⁻¹T²]
inductance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticflux(U,S)/current(U,S)
inductance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/inductance(U,S)
FLT²Q⁻² [ħ⋅𝘤⁻¹μ₀⋅mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅λ⋅αL²g₀] Unified
Electro-magneticflux per
current or inductance (H,
Ω⋅s, Wb⋅A⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> inductance(EMU,Metric) # H⋅abH⁻¹
2⁻⁹5⁻⁹ = 1.0×10⁻⁹ [F⁻¹]/[gal] EMU -> Metric
julia> inductance(ESU,Metric) # H⋅statH⁻¹
𝘤²2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 8.987551787368176×10¹¹ [F⁻¹]/[cm⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> inductance(Metric,SI2019) # H⋅H⁻¹
𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹𝘦⁻²α⋅τ⁻¹2⁷5⁷ = 1.00000000055(15) [C⁻²]/[C⁻²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.reluctance
— Constant
reluctance : [F⁻¹L⁻¹T⁻²Q²RC⁻²], [F⁻¹L⁻¹T⁻²Q²], [M⁻¹L⁻²Q²], [L⁻¹], [LT⁻²]
reluctance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = rationalization(U,S)*lorentz(U,S)^2/inductance(U,S)
reluctance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/reluctance(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁻¹T⁻²Q²RC⁻² [ħ⁻¹𝘤⋅μ₀⁻¹mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified
Magnetic reluctance or magnetic
resistance (H⁻¹, Gb⋅Mx⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> reluctance(EMU,Metric) # abH⋅H⁻¹
τ⁻¹2⁸5⁹ = 7.957747154594767×10⁷ [F]/[cm⁻¹s²] EMU -> Metric
julia> reluctance(ESU,Metric) # statH⋅H⁻¹
𝘤⁻²τ⁻¹2⁴5⁵ = 8.85418781762039×10⁻¹⁴ [F]/[cm] ESU -> Metric
julia> reluctance(Metric,SI2019) # H⋅H⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅𝘦²α⁻¹τ⋅2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 0.99999999945(15) [C²]/[C²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.permeance
— Constant
permeance : [FLT²Q⁻²R⁻¹C²], [FLT²Q⁻²], [ML²Q⁻²], [L], [L⁻¹T²]
permeance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/reluctance(U,S)
permeance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/permeance(U,S)
FLT²Q⁻²R⁻¹C² [ħ⋅𝘤⁻¹μ₀⋅mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅g₀] Unified
Magnetic permeance or magnetic
conductance (H, Mx⋅Gb⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> permeance(EMU,Metric) # abH⋅H⁻¹
τ⋅2⁻⁸5⁻⁹ = 1.2566370614359173×10⁻⁸ [F⁻¹]/[gal] EMU -> Metric
julia> permeance(ESU,Metric) # statH⋅H⁻¹
𝘤²τ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻⁵ = 1.129409066758147×10¹³ [F⁻¹]/[cm⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> permeance(Metric,SI2019) # H⋅H⁻¹
𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹𝘦⁻²α⋅τ⁻¹2⁷5⁷ = 1.00000000055(15) [C⁻²]/[C⁻²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.permittivity
— Method
permittivity : [F⁻¹L⁻²Q²R], [F⁻¹L⁻²Q²], [M⁻¹L⁻³T²Q²], [L⁻²T²], [𝟙]
permittivity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = capacitance(U,S)*rationalization(U,S)/length(U,S)
permittivity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/permittivity(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁻²Q²R [𝘤⁻²μ₀⁻¹αL⁻²] Unified
Absolute permittivity or
capacitance per length
(F⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> permittivity(EMU,Metric) # F⋅cm⋅abF⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
τ⁻¹2¹⁰5¹¹ = 7.957747154594768×10⁹ [F⋅m⁻¹]/[cm⁻²s²] EMU -> Metric
julia> permittivity(ESU,Metric) # F⋅m⁼¹
𝘤⁻²τ⁻¹2⁶5⁷ = 8.854187817620389×10⁻¹² [F⋅m⁻¹]/[𝟙] ESU -> Metric
julia> permittivity(Metric,SI2019) # F⋅F⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅𝘦²α⁻¹τ⋅2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 0.99999999945(15) [C²]/[C²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.permeability
— Method
permeability : [FT²Q⁻²R⁻¹C²], [FT²Q⁻²], [MLQ⁻²], [𝟙], [L⁻²T²]
permeability(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = permeability(S)/permeability(U)
permeability(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/permeability(U,S)
FT²Q⁻²R⁻¹C² [μ₀] Unified
Magnetic permeability or
inductance per length
(H⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> permeability(EMU,Metric) # H⋅cm⋅abH⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
τ⋅2⁻⁶5⁻⁷ = 1.2566370614359173×10⁻⁶ [kg⋅m⋅s⁻²C⁻²]/[gal⋅cm⁻¹] EMU -> Metric
julia> permeability(ESU,Metric) # H⋅cm⋅statH⁻¹⋅m⁼¹
𝘤²τ⋅2⁻²5⁻³ = 1.129409066758147×10¹⁵ [kg⋅m⋅s⁻²C⁻²]/[cm⁻²] ESU -> Metric
julia> permeability(Metric,SI2019) # H⋅H⁻¹
𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹𝘦⁻²α⋅τ⁻¹2⁷5⁷ = 1.00000000055(15) [C⁻²]/[C⁻²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.susceptibility
— Constant
susceptibility : [R⁻¹], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙]
susceptibility(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/rationalization(U,S)
susceptibility(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/susceptibility(U,S)
R⁻¹ [λ⁻¹] Unified
Magnetic/electric volume
susceptibility (dimensionless), unit
conversion factor.
julia> susceptibility(EMU,Metric)
τ⋅2 = 12.566370614359172 [𝟙]/[𝟙] EMU -> Metric
julia> susceptibility(ESU,Metric)
τ⋅2 = 12.566370614359172 [𝟙]/[𝟙] ESU -> Metric
julia> susceptibility(Metric,SI2019)
𝟏 = 1.0 [𝟙]/[𝟙] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.specificsusceptibility
— Constant
specificsusceptibility : [M⁻¹L³A⁻¹R⁻¹], [F⁻¹L⁴T⁻²], [M⁻¹L³], [M⁻¹L³], [M⁻¹L³]
specificsusceptibility(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = susceptibility(U,S)/density(U,S)
specificsusceptibility(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificsusceptibility(U,S)
M⁻¹L³A⁻¹R⁻¹ [ħ³𝘤⁻³mₑ⁻⁴ϕ²λ⁻¹g₀³] Unified
Magnetic/electric mass specific
susceptibility (m³⋅kg⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> specificsusceptibility(EMU,Metric) # m³⋅g⋅kg⁻¹⋅cm⁻³
τ⋅2⁻²5⁻³ = 0.012566370614359173 [kg⁻¹m³]/[g⁻¹cm³] EMU -> Metric
julia> specificsusceptibility(ESU,Metric) # m³⋅g⋅kg⁻¹⋅cm⁻³
τ⋅2⁻²5⁻³ = 0.012566370614359173 [kg⁻¹m³]/[g⁻¹cm³] ESU -> Metric
julia> specificsusceptibility(Metric,SI2019) # m³⋅kg⋅kg⁻¹⋅m⁻³
𝟏 = 1.0 [𝟙]/[𝟙] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.demagnetizingfactor
— Constant
demagnetizingfactor : [R], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙], [𝟙]
demagnetizingfactor(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/susceptibility(U,S)
demagnetizingfactor(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/demagnetizingfactor(U,S)
R [λ] Unified
Quantitiy of demagnetizingfactor
(dimensionless), unit conversion factor.
julia> demagnetizingfactor(EMU,Metric)
τ⁻¹2⁻¹ = 0.07957747154594767 [𝟙]/[𝟙] EMU -> Metric
julia> demagnetizingfactor(ESU,Metric)
τ⁻¹2⁻¹ = 0.07957747154594767 [𝟙]/[𝟙] ESU -> Metric
julia> demagnetizingfactor(Metric,SI2019)
𝟏 = 1.0 [𝟙]/[𝟙] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.vectorpotential
— Constant
vectorpotential : [FTQ⁻¹C], [FTQ⁻¹], [MLT⁻¹Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻¹ᐟ²]
vectorpotential(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticflux(U,S)/length(U,S)
vectorpotential(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/vectorpotential(U,S)
FTQ⁻¹C [ħ⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤³ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²g₀⁻¹] Unified
Magnetic vectorpotential or
electromagnetic rigidity (Wb⋅m⁻¹ or T⋅m), unit
conversion factor.
julia> vectorpotential(EMU,Metric) # Wb⋅cm⋅Mx⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 1.0×10⁻⁶ [V⋅m⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric
julia> vectorpotential(ESU,Metric) # Wb⋅cm⋅statWb⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
𝘤⋅2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 29979.2458 [V⋅m⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> vectorpotential(Metric,SI2019) # Wb⋅Wb⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.electricpotential
— Constant
electricpotential : [FLQ⁻¹], [FLQ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻²], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²T⁻¹]
electricpotential(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = energy(U,S)/charge(U,S)
electricpotential(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/electricpotential(U,S)
FLQ⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤⁵ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²αL⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified
Voltage or electricpotential or
energy per charge (V,
J⋅C⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> electricpotential(EMU,Metric) # V⋅abV⁻¹
2⁻⁸5⁻⁸ = 1.0×10⁻⁸ [V]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric
julia> electricpotential(EMU,ESU) # statV⋅abV⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻²5⁻² = 3.335640951981521×10⁻¹¹ [g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²s]/[g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU
julia> electricpotential(ESU,Metric) # V⋅statV⁻¹
𝘤⋅2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 299.792458 [V]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> electricpotential(Metric,SI2019) # V⋅V⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.magneticpotential
— Constant
magneticpotential : [T⁻¹QRC⁻¹], [T⁻¹Q], [T⁻¹Q], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻²]
magneticpotential(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticflux(U,S)*reluctance(U,S)
magneticpotential(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/magneticpotential(U,S)
T⁻¹QRC⁻¹ [ħ⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤³ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²g₀⁻¹] Unified
Magnetomotive force or
magneticpotential (A, Gb), unit
conversion factor.
julia> magneticpotential(EMU,Metric) # A⋅Gb⁻¹
τ⁻¹5 = 0.7957747154594768 [C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric
julia> magneticpotential(Metric,SI2019) # A⋅A⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.electricfield
— Constant
electricfield : [FQ⁻¹], [FQ⁻¹], [MLT⁻²Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²T⁻²], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻¹ᐟ²T⁻¹]
electricfield(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = electricpotential(U,S)/length(U,S)
electricfield(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/electricfield(U,S)
FQ⁻¹ [ħ⁻³ᐟ²𝘤⁷ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²mₑ²ϕ⁻³ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²αL⋅g₀⁻²] Unified
The electricpotential per
length or electricfield
(V⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> electricfield(EMU,Metric) # V⋅cm⋅abV⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 1.0×10⁻⁶ [V⋅m⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric
julia> electricfield(EMU,ESU) # statV⋅abV⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻²5⁻² = 3.335640951981521×10⁻¹¹ [g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²s]/[g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU
julia> electricfield(ESU,Metric) # V⋅cm⋅statV⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
𝘤⋅2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 29979.2458 [V⋅m⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> electricfield(Metric,SI2019) # V⋅V⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.magneticfield
— Constant
magneticfield : [L⁻¹T⁻¹QRC⁻¹], [L⁻¹T⁻¹Q], [L⁻¹T⁻¹Q], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻¹ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²T⁻²]
magneticfield(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = current(U,S)*rationalization(U,S)*lorentz(U,S)/length(U,S)
magneticfield(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/magneticfield(U,S)
L⁻¹T⁻¹QRC⁻¹ [ħ⁻³ᐟ²𝘤⁵ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ²ϕ⁻³ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²g₀⁻²] Unified
Magnetization or magneticfield or
current per length (A⋅m⁻¹),
unit conversion factor.
julia> magneticfield(EMU,Metric) # A⋅m⁻¹⋅Oe⁻¹
τ⁻¹2²5³ = 79.57747154594767 [m⁻¹C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric
julia> magneticfield(ESU,Metric) # A⋅cm⋅m⁻¹⋅statA⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹τ⁻¹5 = 2.6544187294380726×10⁻⁹ [m⁻¹C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> magneticfield(Metric,SI2019) # A⋅A⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.electricflux
— Constant
electricflux : [FL²Q⁻¹], [FL²Q⁻¹], [ML³T⁻²Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁵ᐟ²T⁻²], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻¹]
electricflux(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = electricpotential(U,S)*length(U,S)
electricflux(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/electricflux(U,S)
FL²Q⁻¹ [ħ¹ᐟ²𝘤³ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²ϕ¹ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²αL] Unified
Amount of electricflux or
electricpotential by length
(V⋅m), unit conversion factor.
julia> electricflux(EMU,Metric) # V⋅m⋅abV⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻¹⁰5⁻¹⁰ = 1.0×10⁻¹⁰ [V⋅m]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁵ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric
julia> electricflux(EMU,ESU) # statV⋅abV⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻²5⁻² = 3.335640951981521×10⁻¹¹ [g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²s]/[g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU
julia> electricflux(ESU,Metric) # V⋅m⋅statV⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
𝘤⋅2⁻⁸5⁻⁸ = 2.9979245800000003 [V⋅m]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> electricflux(Metric,SI2019) # V⋅V⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.magneticflux
— Method
magneticflux : [FLTQ⁻¹C], [FLTQ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻¹Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L¹ᐟ²]
magneticflux(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = energy(U,S)/lorentz(U,S)/current(U,S)
magneticflux(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/magneticflux(U,S)
FLTQ⁻¹C [ħ¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²ϕ¹ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²] Unified
Surface magneticflux or
energy per current (Wb,
J⋅A⁻¹, V⋅s), unit conversion factor.
julia> magneticflux(EMU,Metric) # Wb⋅Mx⁻¹
2⁻⁸5⁻⁸ = 1.0×10⁻⁸ [V]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric
julia> magneticflux(ESU,Metric) # Wb⋅statWb⁻¹
𝘤⋅2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 299.792458 [V]/[g¹ᐟ²cm¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> magneticflux(Metric,SI2019) # Wb⋅Wb⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.electricdisplacement
— Constant
electricdisplacement : [L⁻²QR], [L⁻²Q], [L⁻²Q], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻³ᐟ²], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻¹ᐟ²T⁻¹]
electricdisplacement(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = charge(U,S)*rationalization(U,S)/area(U,S)
electricdisplacement(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/electricdisplacement(U,S)
L⁻²QR [ħ⁻³ᐟ²𝘤³ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ²ϕ⁻³ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹g₀⁻²] Unified
Electric field displacement or surface
electricdisplacement (C⋅m⁻²), unit
conversion factor.
julia> electricdisplacement(EMU,Metric) # C⋅cm²⋅abC⁻¹⋅m⁻²
τ⁻¹2⁴5⁵ = 7957.747154594767 [m⁻²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric
julia> electricdisplacement(ESU,Metric) # C⋅cm²⋅statC⁻¹⋅m⁼²
𝘤⁻¹τ⁻¹2²5³ = 2.6544187294380724×10⁻⁷ [m⁻²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> electricdisplacement(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅C⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.magneticfluxdensity
— Constant
magneticfluxdensity : [FL⁻¹TQ⁻¹C], [FL⁻¹TQ⁻¹], [MT⁻¹Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻¹ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻³ᐟ²]
magneticfluxdensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticflux(U,S)/area(U,S)
magneticfluxdensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/magneticfluxdensity(U,S)
FL⁻¹TQ⁻¹C [ħ⁻³ᐟ²𝘤⁵ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²mₑ²ϕ⁻³ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²g₀⁻²] Unified
Magnetic induction or magneticmoment
per volume (T or Wb⋅m⁻²), unit
conversion factor.
julia> magneticfluxdensity(EMU,Metric) # T⋅G⁻¹
2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 0.0001 [kg⋅s⁻²C⁻¹]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric
julia> magneticfluxdensity(EMU,ESU) # statT⋅G⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻²5⁻² = 3.335640951981521×10⁻¹¹ [g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²s]/[g⁻¹ᐟ²cm⁻¹ᐟ²] EMU -> ESU
julia> magneticfluxdensity(Metric,SI2019) # T⋅T⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.electricdipolemoment
— Constant
electricdipolemoment : [LQ], [LQ], [LQ], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²], [M¹ᐟ²L⁵ᐟ²T⁻¹]
electricdipolemoment(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = charge(U,S)*length(U,S)
electricdipolemoment(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/electricdipolemoment(U,S)
LQ [ħ³ᐟ²𝘤⁻³ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ⁻¹ϕ³ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²αL⁻¹g₀] Unified
Electric dipole moment or
electricdipolemoment (C⋅m), unit
conversion factor.
julia> electricdipolemoment(EMU,Metric) # C⋅m⋅abC⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.1 [m⋅C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric
julia> electricdipolemoment(ESU,Metric) # C⋅m⋅statC⁻¹⋅cm⁼¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻³5⁻³ = 3.3356409519815203×10⁻¹² [m⋅C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁵ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> electricdipolemoment(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅C⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.magneticdipolemoment
— Constant
magneticdipolemoment : [L²T⁻¹QA⁻¹C⁻¹], [L²T⁻¹Q], [L²T⁻¹Q], [M¹ᐟ²L⁵ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁷ᐟ²T⁻²]
magneticdipolemoment(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = current(U,S)*lorentz(U,S)/area(U,S)/gravity(U,S)/angle(U,S)
magneticdipolemoment(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/magneticdipolemoment(U,S)
L²T⁻¹QA⁻¹C⁻¹ [ħ³ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ⁻¹ϕ¹ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²g₀] Unified
Magnetic dipole moment or
magneticdipolemoment (J⋅T⁻¹, A⋅m²), unit
conversion factor.
julia> magneticdipolemoment(EMU,Metric) # J⋅G⋅T⁻¹⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [m²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁵ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric
julia> magneticdipolemoment(ESU,Metric) # J⋅statT⋅T⁻¹⋅erg⁼¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 3.335640951981521×10⁻¹⁴ [m²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁷ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> magneticdipolemoment(Metric,SI2019) # A⋅A⁻¹⋅
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.electricpolarizability
— Constant
electricpolarizability : [F⁻¹LQ²], [F⁻¹LQ²], [M⁻¹T²Q²], [LT²], [L³]
electricpolarizability(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = electricdipolemoment(U,S)/electricfield(U,S)
electricpolarizability(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/electricpolarizability(U,S)
F⁻¹LQ² [ħ³𝘤⁻⁵μ₀⁻¹mₑ⁻³ϕ³λ⁻¹αL⁻²g₀³] Unified
Polarizability or
electricdipolemoment per
electricfield (C⋅m²⋅V⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> electricpolarizability(EMU,Metric) # C⋅m²⋅abV⋅abC⁻¹⋅cm⁻²⋅V⁻¹
2⁵5⁵ = 100000.0 [kg⁻¹s²C²]/[cm⋅s²] EMU -> Metric
julia> electricpolarizability(ESU,Metric) # C⋅m²⋅statV⋅statC⁻¹⋅cm⁼²⋅V⁻¹
𝘤⁻²2⋅5 = 1.1126500560536184×10⁻¹⁶ [kg⁻¹s²C²]/[mL] ESU -> Metric
julia> electricpolarizability(Metric,Gauss) # D⋅cm²⋅V⁻¹⋅C⁻¹⋅m⁻²⋅abV⁻¹
𝘤²2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 8.987551787368176×10¹⁵ [mL]/[kg⁻¹s²C²] Metric -> Gauss
julia> electricpolarizability(Metric,SI2019) # C⋅V⋅C⁻¹⋅V⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅𝘦²α⁻¹τ⋅2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 0.99999999945(15) [C²]/[C²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.magneticpolarizability
— Constant
magneticpolarizability : [L³A⁻¹R⁻¹], [L³], [L³], [L³], [L³]
magneticpolarizability(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticdipolemoment(U,S)/magneticfield(U,S)
magneticpolarizability(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/magneticpolarizability(U,S)
L³A⁻¹R⁻¹ [ħ³𝘤⁻³mₑ⁻³ϕ²λ⁻¹g₀³] Unified
Polarizability or
magneticdipolemoment per
magneticfield (m³), unit conversion
factor.
julia> electricpolarizability(EMU,Metric) # m³⋅cm⁻³
2⁵5⁵ = 100000.0 [kg⁻¹s²C²]/[cm⋅s²] EMU -> Metric
julia> electricpolarizability(ESU,Metric) # m³⋅cm⁼³
𝘤⁻²2⋅5 = 1.1126500560536184×10⁻¹⁶ [kg⁻¹s²C²]/[mL] ESU -> Metric
julia> electricpolarizability(Metric,Gauss) # cm³⋅m⁻³
𝘤²2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 8.987551787368176×10¹⁵ [mL]/[kg⁻¹s²C²] Metric -> Gauss
julia> electricpolarizability(Metric,SI2019)
𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅𝘦²α⁻¹τ⋅2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 0.99999999945(15) [C²]/[C²] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.magneticmoment
— Constant
magneticmoment : [FL²TQ⁻¹C], [FL²TQ⁻¹], [ML³T⁻¹Q⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁵ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²]
magneticmoment(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticflux(U,S)*length(U,S)
magneticmoment(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/magneticmoment(U,S)
FL²TQ⁻¹C [ħ³ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²μ₀¹ᐟ²mₑ⁻¹ϕ³ᐟ²λ¹ᐟ²g₀] Unified
Amount of magneticmoment or
magneticflux by length
(Wb⋅m or T⋅m³), unit conversion factor.
julia> magneticmoment(EMU,Metric) # Wb⋅m⋅Mx⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
2⁻¹⁰5⁻¹⁰ = 1.0×10⁻¹⁰ [V⋅m]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁵ᐟ²s⁻²] EMU -> Metric
julia> magneticmoment(ESU,Metric) # Wb⋅m⋅statWb⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹
𝘤⋅2⁻⁸5⁻⁸ = 2.9979245800000003 [V⋅m]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²s⁻¹] ESU -> Metric
julia> magneticmoment(Metric,SI2019) # Wb⋅Wb⁻¹
𝘩¹ᐟ²𝘤⁻¹ᐟ²𝘦⁻¹α¹ᐟ²τ⁻¹ᐟ²2⁷ᐟ²5⁷ᐟ² = 1.000000000273(77) [C⁻¹]/[C⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.specificmagnetization
— Constant
specificmagnetization : [F⁻¹ML⁻²T⁻¹QC⁻¹], [L⁻³TQ], [L⁻³TQ], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻⁵ᐟ²T], [M¹ᐟ²L⁻³ᐟ²]
specificmagnetization(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticmoment(U,S)/mass(U,S)
specificmagnetization(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificmagnetization(U,S)
F⁻¹ML⁻²T⁻¹QC⁻¹ [ħ⁻³ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²mₑ²ϕ⁻³ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²g₀⁻¹] Unified
Amount of magneticmoment per
mass (Wb⋅m⋅kg⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> specificmagnetization(EMU,Metric) # Wb⋅m⋅g⋅Mx⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹⋅kg⁻¹
2⁷5⁷ = 1.0×10⁷ [m⁻³s²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻⁵ᐟ²s²] EMU -> Metric
julia> specificmagnetization(ESU,Metric) # Wb⋅m⋅g⋅statWb⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹⋅kg⁻¹
𝘤⁻¹2⁵5⁵ = 0.00033356409519815205 [m⁻³s²C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm⁻³ᐟ²s] ESU -> Metric
julia> specificmagnetization(Metric,SI2019) # Wb⋅Wb⁻¹
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.polestrength
— Constant
polestrength : [LT⁻¹QA⁻¹C⁻¹], [LT⁻¹Q], [LT⁻¹Q], [M¹ᐟ²L³ᐟ²T⁻¹], [M¹ᐟ²L⁵ᐟ²T⁻²]
polestrength(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = magneticdipolemoment(U,S)/length(U,S)
polestrength(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/polestrength(U,S)
LT⁻¹QA⁻¹C⁻¹ [ħ¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²μ₀⁻¹ᐟ²ϕ⁻¹ᐟ²λ⁻¹ᐟ²] Unified
Magnetic polestrength is analogous to
charge (A⋅m), unit conversion
factor.
julia> polestrength(EMU,Metric) # A⋅m⋅pole⁻¹
2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.1 [m⋅C]/[g¹ᐟ²cm³ᐟ²] EMU -> Metric
julia> polestrength(Metric,SI2019) # A⋅A⁻¹⋅
𝘩⁻¹ᐟ²𝘤¹ᐟ²𝘦⋅α⁻¹ᐟ²τ¹ᐟ²2⁻⁷ᐟ²5⁻⁷ᐟ² = 0.999999999727(77) [C]/[C] Metric -> SI2019
Thermodynamic Units
MeasureSystems.temperature
— Constant
temperature : [Θ], [Θ], [Θ], [Θ], [Θ]
temperature(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)*speed(U,S)^2/entropy(U,S)
temperature(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/temperature(U,S)
Θ [kB⁻¹𝘤²mₑ⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified
Measurement scale for thermodynamic energy or
temperature (K), unit conversion
factor.
julia> temperature(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴5³ = 0.99999999966(31) [K]/[K] Metric -> SI2019
julia> temperature(English,SI2019) # K⋅°R⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴3⁻²5⁴ = 0.55555555536(17) [K]/[°R] English -> SI2019
julia> temperature(English,Metric) # K⋅°R⁻¹
3⁻²5 = 0.5555555555555556 [K]/[°R] English -> Metric
julia> temperature(PlanckGauss,Metric) # K⋅TP⁻¹
kB⁻¹NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤³R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅mP⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.416784(16) × 10³² [K]/[mP] PlanckGauss -> Metric
MeasureSystems.entropy
— Constant
entropy : [FLΘ⁻¹], [FLΘ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²Θ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²Θ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²Θ⁻¹]
entropy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = energy(U,S)/temperature(U,S)
entropy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/entropy(U,S)
FLΘ⁻¹ [kB] Unified
Heat capacity or energy per
temperature or entropy
(J⋅K⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> entropy(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.00000000034(31) [K⁻¹]/[K⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
julia> entropy(CGS,Metric) # J⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric
julia> entropy(English,SI2019) # J⋅°R⋅K⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅g₀⋅ft⋅lb⋅2⁻⁴3²5⁻⁴ = 2.44047230784(75) [J⋅K⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⋅°R⁻¹] English -> SI2019
julia> entropy(Survey,English) # ftUS²⋅°R⋅°ft⁻²⋅°R⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.specificentropy
— Constant
specificentropy : [FM⁻¹LΘ⁻¹], [L²T⁻²Θ⁻¹], [L²T⁻²Θ⁻¹], [L²T⁻²Θ⁻¹], [L²T⁻²Θ⁻¹]
specificentropy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = specificenergy(U,S)/temperature(U,S)
specificentropy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificentropy(U,S)
FM⁻¹LΘ⁻¹ [kB⋅mₑ⁻¹] Unified
Specific heat capacity or
specificentropy (J⋅K⁻¹⋅kg⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> specificentropy(Metric,SI2019) # m²⋅K⋅K⁻¹⋅cm⁻²
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.00000000034(31) [K⁻¹]/[K⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
julia> specificentropy(CGS,Metric) # m²⋅cm⁻²
2⁻⁴5⁻⁴ = 0.0001 [J⋅kg⁻¹]/[erg⋅g⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> specificentropy(English,Metric) # m²⋅°R⋅K⁻¹⋅ft⁻²
g₀⋅ft⋅3²5⁻¹ = 5.380320456 [J⋅K⁻¹kg⁻¹]/[lbf⋅lbm⁻¹ft⋅°R⁻¹] English -> Metric
julia> specificentropy(Survey,English) # ft²⋅°R⋅ftUS⁻²⋅°R⁻¹
ft⁻¹ftUS = 1.0000020000039997 [ft]/[ft] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.volumeheatcapacity
— Constant
volumeheatcapacity : [FL⁻²Θ⁻¹], [FL⁻²Θ⁻¹], [ML⁻¹T⁻²Θ⁻¹], [ML⁻¹T⁻²Θ⁻¹], [ML⁻¹T⁻²Θ⁻¹]
volumeheatcapacity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = entropy(U,S)/volume(U,S)
volumeheatcapacity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/volumeheatcapacity(U,S)
FL⁻²Θ⁻¹ [kB⋅ħ⁻³𝘤³mₑ³ϕ⁻³g₀⁻³] Unified
The entropy per volume
or volumeheatcapacity (J⋅K⁻¹⋅m⁻³), unit
conversion factor.
julia> volumeheatcapacity(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.00000000034(31) [K⁻¹]/[K⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
julia> volumeheatcapacity(CGS,Metric) # J⋅cm³⋅erg⁻¹⋅m⁻³
2⁻¹5⁻¹ = 0.1 [Pa]/[Ba] Gauss -> Metric
julia> volumeheatcapacity(English,SI2019) # J⋅ft²⋅°R⋅K⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹⋅m⁻³
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅g₀⋅ft⁻²lb⋅2⁻⁴3²5⁻⁴ = 86.184466194(27) [kg⋅m⁻¹s⁻²K⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⁻²°R⁻¹] English -> SI2019
julia> volumeheatcapacity(Survey,English) # ftUS⁵°R⋅°ft⁻⁵⋅°R⁻¹
ft²ftUS⁻² = 0.9999960000040004 [ft⁻²]/[ft⁻²] Survey -> English
MeasureSystems.thermalconductivity
— Constant
thermalconductivity : [FT⁻¹Θ⁻¹], [FT⁻¹Θ⁻¹], [MLT⁻³Θ⁻¹], [MLT⁻³Θ⁻¹], [MLT⁻³Θ⁻¹]
thermalconductivity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = force(U,S)/time(U,S)/temperature(U,S)
thermalconductivity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/thermalconductivity(U,S)
FT⁻¹Θ⁻¹ [kB⋅ħ⁻²𝘤³mₑ²ϕ⁻²g₀⁻²] Unified
Heat conductivity or
thermalconductivity (W⋅m⁻¹⋅K⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> thermalconductivity(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.00000000034(31) [K⁻¹]/[K⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
julia> thermalconductivity(CGS,Metric) # N⋅dyn⁻¹
2⁻⁵5⁻⁵ = 1.0×10⁻⁵ [N]/[dyn] Gauss -> Metric
julia> thermalconductivity(English,Metric) # N⋅°R⋅K⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅lb⋅3²5⁻¹ = 8.0067989074689 [kg⋅m⋅s⁻²K⁻¹]/[lbf⋅°R⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.thermalconductance
— Constant
thermalconductance : [FLT⁻¹Θ⁻¹], [FLT⁻¹Θ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻³Θ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻³Θ⁻¹], [ML²T⁻³Θ⁻¹]
thermalconductance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = thermalconductivity(U,S)*length(U,S)
thermalconductance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/thermalconductance(U,S)
FLT⁻¹Θ⁻¹ [kB⋅ħ⁻¹𝘤²mₑ⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified
Reciprocal of thermalresistance
(W⋅K⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> thermalconductance(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.00000000034(31) [K⁻¹]/[K⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
julia> thermalconductance(CGS,Metric) # W⋅s⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric
julia> thermalconductance(English,Metric) # J⋅°R⋅K⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⋅lb⋅3²5⁻¹ = 2.440472306996521 [J⋅K⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⋅°R⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.thermalresistivity
— Constant
thermalresistivity : [F⁻¹TΘ], [F⁻¹TΘ], [M⁻¹L⁻¹T³Θ], [M⁻¹L⁻¹T³Θ], [M⁻¹L⁻¹T³Θ]
thermalresistivity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/thermalconductivity(U,S)
thermalresistivity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/thermalresistivity(U,S)
F⁻¹TΘ [kB⁻¹ħ²𝘤⁻³mₑ⁻²ϕ²g₀²] Unified
Resistance to heat flow or
thermalresistance (K⋅W⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> thermalresistance(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴5³ = 0.99999999966(31) [K]/[K] Metric -> SI2019
julia> thermalresistance(CGS,Metric) # erg⋅s⁻¹⋅W⁻¹
2⁷5⁷ = 1.0×10⁷ [J⁻¹]/[erg⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> thermalresistance(English,Metric) # ft⋅lb⋅K⋅°R⁻¹⋅J⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⁻¹lb⁻¹3⁻²5 = 0.40975674959848074 [kg⁻¹m⁻²s²K]/[lbf⁻¹ft⁻¹°R] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.thermalresistance
— Constant
thermalresistance : [F⁻¹L⁻¹TΘ], [F⁻¹L⁻¹TΘ], [M⁻¹L⁻²T³Θ], [M⁻¹L⁻²T³Θ], [M⁻¹L⁻²T³Θ]
thermalresistance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/thermalconductivity(U,S)/length(U,S)
thermalresistance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/thermalresistance(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁻¹TΘ [kB⁻¹ħ⋅𝘤⁻²mₑ⁻¹ϕ⋅g₀] Unified
Resistance to heat flow or
thermalresistance (K⋅W⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> thermalresistance(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴5³ = 0.99999999966(31) [K]/[K] Metric -> SI2019
julia> thermalresistance(CGS,Metric) # erg⋅s⁻¹⋅W⁻¹
2⁷5⁷ = 1.0×10⁷ [J⁻¹]/[erg⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> thermalresistance(English,Metric) # ft⋅lb⋅K⋅°R⁻¹⋅J⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⁻¹lb⁻¹3⁻²5 = 0.40975674959848074 [kg⁻¹m⁻²s²K]/[lbf⁻¹ft⁻¹°R] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.thermalexpansion
— Constant
thermalexpansion : [Θ⁻¹], [Θ⁻¹], [Θ⁻¹], [Θ⁻¹], [Θ⁻¹]
thermalexpansion(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = 1/temperature(U,S)
thermalexpansion(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/thermalexpansion(U,S)
Θ⁻¹ [kB⋅𝘤⁻²mₑ⁻¹g₀] Unified
Measurement scale for coefficient of
thermalexpansion (K⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> thermalexpansion(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.00000000034(31) [K⁻¹]/[K⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
julia> thermalexpansion(English,SI2019) # °R⋅K⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴3²5⁻⁴ = 1.80000000062(55) [K⁻¹]/[°R⁻¹] English -> SI2019
julia> thermalexpansion(English,Metric) # °R⋅K⁻¹
3²5⁻¹ = 1.8 [K⁻¹]/[°R⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.lapserate
— Constant
lapserate : [L⁻¹Θ], [L⁻¹Θ], [L⁻¹Θ], [L⁻¹Θ], [L⁻¹Θ]
lapserate(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = temperature(U,S)/length(U,S)
lapserate(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/lapserate(U,S)
L⁻¹Θ [kB⁻¹ħ⁻¹𝘤³mₑ²ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻²] Unified
Temperature gradient over length or
lapserate (K⋅m⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> lapserate(Metric,SI2019) # K⋅K⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴5³ = 0.99999999966(31) [K]/[K] Metric -> SI2019
julia> lapserate(English,SI2019) # K⋅ft⋅°R⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹ft⁻¹2⁴3⁻²5⁴ = 1.82268882994(56) [m⁻¹K]/[ft⁻¹°R] English -> SI2019
julia> lapserate(English,Metric) # K⋅ft⋅°R⁻¹⋅m⁻¹
ft⁻¹3⁻²5 = 1.8226888305628461 [m⁻¹K]/[ft⁻¹°R] English -> Metric
julia> lapserate(EnglishUS,English) # °R⋅ftUS⋅°R⁻¹⋅ft⁻¹
ft⋅ftUS⁻¹ = 0.9999980000000002 [ft⁻¹]/[ft⁻¹] Survey -> English
Molar Units
MeasureSystems.molarmass
— Method
molarmass : [MN⁻¹], [FL⁻¹T²N⁻¹], [MN⁻¹], [MN⁻¹], [MN⁻¹]
molarmass(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = molarmass(S)/molarmass(U)
molarmass(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molarmass(U,S)
MN⁻¹ [Mᵤ] Unified
Molar mass or mass per
mole (kg⋅mol⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> molarmass(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2⁻³5⁻³ = 0.001 [kg]/[g] Gauss -> Metric
julia> molarmass(Metric,SI2019) # mol⋅mol⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴5³ = 0.99999999966(31) [mol⁻¹]/[mol⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.molality
— Constant
molality : [M⁻¹N], [F⁻¹LT⁻²N], [M⁻¹N], [M⁻¹N], [M⁻¹N]
molality(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = molarmass(U)/molarmass(S)
molality(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molality(U,S)
M⁻¹N [Mᵤ⁻¹] Unified
Molality or mole per
mass (mol⋅kg⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> molality(CGS,Metric) # kg⋅g⁻¹
2³5³ = 1000.0 [kg⁻¹]/[g⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> molality(Metric,SI2019) # mol⋅mol⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅2⁻⁴5⁻³ = 1.00000000034(31) [mol]/[mol] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.molaramount
— Constant
molaramount : [N], [N], [N], [N], [N]
molaramount(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = mass(U,S)*molality(U,S)
molaramount(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molaramount(U,S)
N [mₑ⋅Mᵤ⁻¹] Unified
Amount of molecular substance or
molaramount (mol), unit conversion
factor.
julia> molaramount(SI2019,Metric) # mol⋅mol⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴5³ = 0.99999999966(31) [mol]/[mol] SI2019 -> Metric
julia> molaramount(British,SI2019) # mol⋅slug-mol⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅lb⋅2⁻¹ = 453.59237016(14) [mol]/[lb-mol] English -> SI2019
julia> molaramount(English,SI2019) # mol⋅lb-mol⁻¹
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅lb⋅2⁻¹ = 453.59237016(14) [mol]/[lb-mol] English -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.molarity
— Constant
molarity : [L⁻³N], [L⁻³N], [L⁻³N], [L⁻³N], [L⁻³N]
molarity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = molaramount(U,S)/volume(U,S)
molarity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molarity(U,S)
L⁻³N [ħ⁻³𝘤³mₑ⁴Mᵤ⁻¹ϕ⁻³g₀⁻³] Unified
Molar concentration or molaramount
per volume (mol⋅m⁻³), unit conversion
factor.
julia> molarity(CGS,Metric) # cm³⋅m⁻³
2⁶5⁶ = 1.0×10⁶ [m⁻³]/[mL⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> molarity(English,SI2019) # ft³⋅m⁻³
NA⁻¹𝘩⁻¹𝘤⋅R∞⁻¹α²μₑᵤ⋅ft⁻³lb⋅2⁻¹ = 16018.4633795(49) [m⁻³mol]/[ft⁻³lb-mol] English -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.molarvolume
— Constant
molarvolume : [L³N⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹]
molarvolume(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = volume(U,S)/molaramount(U,S)
molarvolume(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molarvolume(U,S)
L³N⁻¹ [ħ³𝘤⁻³mₑ⁻⁴Mᵤ⋅ϕ³g₀³] Unified
Occupied volume per
molaramount or molarvolume
(m³⋅mol⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> molarvolume(CGS,Metric) # m³⋅cm⁻³
2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 1.0×10⁻⁶ [m³]/[mL] Gauss -> Metric
julia> molarvolume(English,SI2019) # m³⋅ft⁻³
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹ft³lb⁻¹2 = 6.2427960555(19) × 10⁻⁵ [m³mol⁻¹]/[ft³lb-mol⁻¹] English -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.molarentropy
— Constant
molarentropy : [FLΘ⁻¹N⁻¹], [FLΘ⁻¹N⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²Θ⁻¹N⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²Θ⁻¹N⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²Θ⁻¹N⁻¹]
molarentropy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = entropy(U,S)/molaramount(U,S)
molarentropy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molarentropy(U,S)
FLΘ⁻¹N⁻¹ [kB⋅mₑ⁻¹Mᵤ] Unified
Molar heat capacity or entropy per
molaramount (J⋅K⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> molarentropy(CGS,Metric) # J⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric
julia> molarentropy(English,SI2019) # J⋅°R⋅lb-mol⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹⋅K⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹
g₀⋅ft⋅2⁻³3²5⁻⁴ = 0.005380320456000001 [J⋅K⁻¹mol⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⋅°R⁻¹lb-mol⁻¹] English -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.molarenergy
— Constant
molarenergy : [FLN⁻¹], [FLN⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²N⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²N⁻¹], [ML²T⁻²N⁻¹]
molarenergy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = energy(U,S)/molaramount(U,S)
molarenergy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molarenergy(U,S)
FLN⁻¹ [𝘤²Mᵤ⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified
Gibbs free energy per
mole or molarenergy
(J⋅mol⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> molarenergy(CGS,Metric) # J⋅erg⁻¹
2⁻⁷5⁻⁷ = 1.0×10⁻⁷ [J]/[erg] Gauss -> Metric
julia> molarenergy(English,SI2019) # J⋅slug-mol⋅ft⁻¹⋅lb⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹g₀⋅ft⋅2 = 0.00298906691897(92) [J⋅mol⁻¹]/[lbf⋅ft⋅lb-mol⁻¹] English -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.molarconductivity
— Constant
molarconductivity : [F⁻¹T⁻¹Q²N⁻¹], [F⁻¹T⁻¹Q²N⁻¹], [M⁻¹L⁻¹TQ²N⁻¹], [TN⁻¹], [L²T⁻¹N⁻¹]
molarconductivity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = conductivity(U,S)*area(U,S)/molaramount(U,S)
molarconductivity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molarconductivity(U,S)
F⁻¹T⁻¹Q²N⁻¹ [ħ⋅𝘤⁻²μ₀⁻¹mₑ⁻²Mᵤ⋅ϕ⋅λ⁻¹αL⁻²g₀] Unified
Conductivity per molarvolume or
molarconductivity (S⋅m²⋅mol⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> molarconductivity(EMU,Metric) # S⋅m²⋅abΩ⋅cm⁻²
2⁷5⁷ = 1.0×10⁷ [kg⁻¹m⁻¹s²C²]/[s²] EMU -> Metric
julia> molarconductivity(ESU,Metric) # S⋅m²⋅statΩ⋅cm⁻²
𝘤⁻²2³5³ = 1.1126500560536184×10⁻¹⁴ [kg⁻¹m⁻¹s²C²]/[cm²] ESU -> Metric
MeasureSystems.molarsusceptibility
— Constant
molarsusceptibility : [L³N⁻¹A⁻¹R⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹], [L³N⁻¹]
molarsusceptibility(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = specificsusceptibility(U,S)*molarmass(U,S)
molarsusceptibility(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/molarsusceptibility(U,S)
L³N⁻¹A⁻¹R⁻¹ [ħ³𝘤⁻³mₑ⁻⁴Mᵤ⋅ϕ²λ⁻¹g₀³] Unified
Magnetic/electric molar mass
susceptibility (m³⋅mol⁻¹), unit
conversion factor.
julia> molarsusceptibility(CGS,Metric) # m³⋅cm⁻³
τ⋅2⁻⁵5⁻⁶ = 1.2566370614359172×10⁻⁵ [m³]/[mL] Gauss -> Metric
julia> molarsusceptibility(Metric,SI2019) # m³⋅mol⋅mol⁻¹⋅cm⁻³
NA⋅𝘩⋅𝘤⁻¹R∞⋅α⁻²μₑᵤ⁻¹2⁴5³ = 0.99999999966(31) [mol⁻¹]/[mol⁻¹] Metric -> SI2019
MeasureSystems.catalysis
— Constant
catalysis : [T⁻¹N], [T⁻¹N], [T⁻¹N], [T⁻¹N], [T⁻¹N]
catalysis(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = molaramount(U,S)/time(U,S)
catalysis(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/catalysis(U,S)
T⁻¹N [ħ⁻¹𝘤²mₑ²Mᵤ⁻¹ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified
Catalytic activity or molaramount per
time (kat, mol⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion
factor.
julia> catalysis(English,Metric) # kat⋅s⋅lb-mol⁻¹
lb⋅2³5³ = 453.59237 [mol]/[lb-mol] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.specificity
— Constant
specificity : [L³T⁻¹N⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹N⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹N⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹N⁻¹], [L³T⁻¹N⁻¹]
specificity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = volume(U,S)/molaramount(U,S)/time(U,S)
specificity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/specificity(U,S)
L³T⁻¹N⁻¹ [ħ²𝘤⁻¹mₑ⁻³Mᵤ⋅ϕ²g₀²] Unified
Catalytic efficiency or volume per
mole per time
(m³⋅mol⁻¹⋅s⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> specificity(CGS,Metric) # m³⋅cm⁻³
2⁻⁶5⁻⁶ = 1.0×10⁻⁶ [m³]/[mL] Gauss -> Metric
julia> specificity(English,Metric) # m³⋅lb-mol⋅mol⁻¹⋅ft⁻³
ft³lb⁻¹2⁻³5⁻³ = 6.242796057614462×10⁻⁵ [m³mol⁻¹]/[ft³lb-mol⁻¹] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.diffusionflux
— Constant
diffusionflux : [L⁻²TN], [L⁻²TN], [L⁻²TN], [L⁻²TN], [L⁻²TN]
diffusionflux(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = molaramount(U,S)*photonirradiance(U,S)
diffusionflux(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/diffusionflux(U,S)
L⁻²TN [ħ⁻¹mₑ²Mᵤ⁻¹ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻¹] Unified
Molar diffusion flux or molarmount
times flux (mol⋅s⁻¹⋅m⁻²), unit
conversion factor.
julia> diffusionflux(CGS,Metric) # cm²⋅m⁻²
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [m⁻²]/[cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> diffusionflux(English,Metric) # ft²⋅mol⋅lb-mol⁻¹⋅m⁻²
ft⁻²lb⋅2³5³ = 4882.42763638305 [m⁻²mol]/[ft⁻²lb-mol] English -> Metric
Photometric Units
MeasureSystems.luminousflux
— Constant
luminousflux : [J], [J], [J], [J], [J]
luminousflux(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = luminousenergy(U,S)*frequency(U,S)
luminousflux(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/luminousflux(U,S)
J [ħ⁻¹𝘤⁴mₑ²Kcd⋅ϕ⁻¹g₀⁻²] Unified
Perceived power of light or
luminousflux (lm, cd⋅rad⋅²), unit
conversion factor.
MeasureSystems.luminousintensity
— Constant
luminousintensity : [JA⁻²], [J], [J], [J], [J]
luminousintensity(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = luminousflux(U,S)/solidangle(U,S)
luminousintensity(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/luminousintensity(U,S)
JA⁻² [ħ⁻¹𝘤⁴mₑ²Kcd⋅ϕ⁻³g₀⁻²] Unified
Perceived power of light or
luminousintensity (cd, lm⋅rad⁻²), unit
conversion factor.
MeasureSystems.luminance
— Constant
luminance : [L⁻²JA⁻²], [L⁻²J], [L⁻²J], [L⁻²J], [L⁻²J]
luminance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = luminousintensity(U,S)/area(U,S)
luminance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/luminance(U,S)
L⁻²JA⁻² [ħ⁻³𝘤⁶mₑ⁴Kcd⋅ϕ⁻⁵g₀⁻⁴] Unified
Luminous intensity per area or
luminance (cd⋅m⁻², lm⋅m⁻²⋅rad⁻²), unit
conversion factor.
julia> luminance(CGS,Metric) # lx⋅ph⁻¹
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [m⁻²]/[cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> luminance(IAU,Metric) # lx⋅au²⋅lm⁻¹
au⁻² = 4.46837049952(18) × 10⁻²³ [m⁻²]/[au⁻²] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> luminance(English,Metric) # ft²⋅m⁻²
ft⁻² = 10.76391041670972 [m⁻²]/[ft⁻²] English -> Metric
julia> 1/10.76 # lx⋅fc⁻¹
0.0929368029739777
MeasureSystems.illuminance
— Constant
illuminance : [L⁻²J], [L⁻²J], [L⁻²J], [L⁻²J], [L⁻²J]
illuminance(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = luminousflux(U,S)/area(U,S)
illuminance(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/illuminance(U,S)
L⁻²J [ħ⁻³𝘤⁶mₑ⁴Kcd⋅ϕ⁻³g₀⁻⁴] Unified
Luminous flux per area or
luminance (lx, lm⋅m⁻², cd⋅m⁻²⋅rad²),
unit conversion factor.
julia> illuminance(CGS,Metric) # lx⋅ph⁻¹
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [m⁻²]/[cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> illuminance(IAU,Metric) # lx⋅au²⋅lm⁻¹
au⁻² = 4.46837049952(18) × 10⁻²³ [m⁻²]/[au⁻²] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> illuminance(English,Metric) # ft²⋅m⁻²
ft⁻² = 10.76391041670972 [m⁻²]/[ft⁻²] English -> Metric
julia> 1/10.76 # lx⋅fc⁻¹
0.0929368029739777
MeasureSystems.luminousenergy
— Constant
luminousenergy : [TJ], [TJ], [TJ], [TJ], [TJ]
luminousenergy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = luminousflux(U,S)*time(U,S)
luminousenergy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/luminousenergy(U,S)
TJ [𝘤²mₑ⋅Kcd⋅g₀⁻¹] Unified
Perceived quantity of light or
luminousenergy (lm⋅s, cd⋅s⋅sr), unit
conversion factor.
julia> luminousenergy(IAU,Metric) # s⋅day⁻¹
2⁷3³5² = 86400.0 [s]/[D] IAU☉ -> Metric
MeasureSystems.luminousexposure
— Constant
luminousexposure : [L⁻²TJ], [L⁻²TJ], [L⁻²TJ], [L⁻²TJ], [L⁻²TJ]
luminousexposure(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = illuminance(U,S)*time(U,S)
luminousexposure(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/luminousexposure(U,S)
L⁻²TJ [ħ⁻²𝘤⁴mₑ³Kcd⋅ϕ⁻²g₀⁻³] Unified
Integrated luminance along
time (lx⋅s, lm⋅s⋅m⁻², cd⋅s⋅m⁻²⋅sr), unit
conversion factor.
julia> luminousexposure(CGS,Metric) # lx⋅ph⁻¹
2⁴5⁴ = 10000.0 [m⁻²]/[cm⁻²] Gauss -> Metric
julia> luminousexposure(IAU,Metric) # s⋅au²⋅day⁻¹⋅m⁻²
au⁻²2⁷3³5² = 3.86067211159(15) × 10⁻¹⁸ [Hz⋅m⁻²]/[au⁻²D] IAU☉ -> Metric
julia> luminousexposure(English,Metric) # ft²⋅m⁻²
ft⁻² = 10.76391041670972 [m⁻²]/[ft⁻²] English -> Metric
MeasureSystems.luminousefficacy
— Method
luminousefficacy : [F⁻¹L⁻¹TJ], [F⁻¹L⁻¹TJ], [M⁻¹L⁻²T³J], [M⁻¹L⁻²T³J], [M⁻¹L⁻²T³J]
luminousefficacy(U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = luminousefficacy(S)/luminousefficacy(U)
luminousefficacy(v::Real,U::UnitSystem,S::UnitSystem) = v/luminousefficacy(U,S)
F⁻¹L⁻¹TJ [Kcd] Unified
Ratio of luminousflux to
power or luminousefficacy
(lm⋅W⁻¹), unit conversion factor.
julia> luminousefficacy(CGS,Metric) # erg⋅s⁻¹⋅W⁻¹
2⁷5⁷ = 1.0×10⁷ [J⁻¹]/[erg⁻¹] Gauss -> Metric
julia> luminousefficacy(English,Metric) # ft⋅lb⋅s⁻¹⋅W⁻¹
g₀⁻¹ft⁻¹lb⁻¹ = 0.7375621492772653 [J⁻¹]/[lbf⁻¹ft⁻¹] English -> Metric
Conversion Index
-
MeasureSystems.A -
MeasureSystems.L -
MeasureSystems.T -
MeasureSystems.acceleration -
MeasureSystems.action -
MeasureSystems.admittance -
MeasureSystems.angularfrequency -
MeasureSystems.angularlength -
MeasureSystems.angularmomentum -
MeasureSystems.angulartime -
MeasureSystems.angularwavenumber -
MeasureSystems.area -
MeasureSystems.areadensity -
MeasureSystems.capacitance -
MeasureSystems.catalysis -
MeasureSystems.charge -
MeasureSystems.chargedensity -
MeasureSystems.compliance -
MeasureSystems.compressibility -
MeasureSystems.conductance -
MeasureSystems.conductivity -
MeasureSystems.crackle -
MeasureSystems.current -
MeasureSystems.currentdensity -
MeasureSystems.demagnetizingfactor -
MeasureSystems.density -
MeasureSystems.diffusionflux -
MeasureSystems.diffusivity -
MeasureSystems.electricdipolemoment -
MeasureSystems.electricdisplacement -
MeasureSystems.electricfield -
MeasureSystems.electricflux -
MeasureSystems.electricpolarizability -
MeasureSystems.electricpotential -
MeasureSystems.energy -
MeasureSystems.entropy -
MeasureSystems.etendue -
MeasureSystems.exposure -
MeasureSystems.fluence -
MeasureSystems.force -
MeasureSystems.frequency -
MeasureSystems.frequencydrift -
MeasureSystems.fuelefficiency -
MeasureSystems.gravityforce -
MeasureSystems.illuminance -
MeasureSystems.impedance -
MeasureSystems.impulse -
MeasureSystems.inductance -
MeasureSystems.inertance -
MeasureSystems.inertia -
MeasureSystems.irradiance -
MeasureSystems.jerk -
MeasureSystems.lapserate -
MeasureSystems.linearchargedensity -
MeasureSystems.lineardensity -
MeasureSystems.luminance -
MeasureSystems.luminousefficacy -
MeasureSystems.luminousenergy -
MeasureSystems.luminousexposure -
MeasureSystems.luminousflux -
MeasureSystems.luminousintensity -
MeasureSystems.magneticdipolemoment -
MeasureSystems.magneticfield -
MeasureSystems.magneticflux -
MeasureSystems.magneticfluxdensity -
MeasureSystems.magneticmoment -
MeasureSystems.magneticpolarizability -
MeasureSystems.magneticpotential -
MeasureSystems.mass -
MeasureSystems.massflow -
MeasureSystems.mobility -
MeasureSystems.molality -
MeasureSystems.molaramount -
MeasureSystems.molarconductivity -
MeasureSystems.molarenergy -
MeasureSystems.molarentropy -
MeasureSystems.molarity -
MeasureSystems.molarmass -
MeasureSystems.molarsusceptibility -
MeasureSystems.molarvolume -
MeasureSystems.momentum -
MeasureSystems.permeability -
MeasureSystems.permeance -
MeasureSystems.permittivity -
MeasureSystems.photonintensity -
MeasureSystems.photonirradiance -
MeasureSystems.photonradiance -
MeasureSystems.polestrength -
MeasureSystems.pop -
MeasureSystems.power -
MeasureSystems.powerdensity -
MeasureSystems.pressure -
MeasureSystems.radiance -
MeasureSystems.radiantintensity -
MeasureSystems.reluctance -
MeasureSystems.resistance -
MeasureSystems.resistivity -
MeasureSystems.rotationalinertia -
MeasureSystems.snap -
MeasureSystems.solidangle -
MeasureSystems.soundexposure -
MeasureSystems.specificenergy -
MeasureSystems.specificentropy -
MeasureSystems.specificforce -
MeasureSystems.specificimpedance -
MeasureSystems.specificity -
MeasureSystems.specificmagnetization -
MeasureSystems.specificsusceptibility -
MeasureSystems.specificvolume -
MeasureSystems.specificweight -
MeasureSystems.spectralexposure -
MeasureSystems.spectralflux -
MeasureSystems.speed -
MeasureSystems.stagnance -
MeasureSystems.susceptibility -
MeasureSystems.temperature -
MeasureSystems.thermalconductance -
MeasureSystems.thermalconductivity -
MeasureSystems.thermalexpansion -
MeasureSystems.thermalresistance -
MeasureSystems.thermalresistivity -
MeasureSystems.vectorpotential -
MeasureSystems.viscosity -
MeasureSystems.volume -
MeasureSystems.volumeflow -
MeasureSystems.volumeheatcapacity -
MeasureSystems.wavenumber -
MeasureSystems.yank -
MeasureSystems.British -
MeasureSystems.CODATA -
MeasureSystems.Conventional -
MeasureSystems.Cosmological -
MeasureSystems.CosmologicalQuantum -
MeasureSystems.EMU -
MeasureSystems.ESU -
MeasureSystems.Electronic -
MeasureSystems.Engineering -
MeasureSystems.English -
MeasureSystems.FFF -
MeasureSystems.FPS -
MeasureSystems.Gauss -
MeasureSystems.Gravitational -
MeasureSystems.Hartree -
MeasureSystems.Hubble -
MeasureSystems.IAU -
MeasureSystems.IAUE -
MeasureSystems.IAUJ -
MeasureSystems.IPS -
MeasureSystems.International -
MeasureSystems.InternationalMean -
MeasureSystems.KKH -
MeasureSystems.LorentzHeaviside -
MeasureSystems.MPH -
MeasureSystems.MTS -
MeasureSystems.Meridian -
MeasureSystems.Metric -
MeasureSystems.Natural -
MeasureSystems.NaturalGauss -
MeasureSystems.Nautical -
MeasureSystems.Planck -
MeasureSystems.PlanckGauss -
MeasureSystems.QCD -
MeasureSystems.QCDGauss -
MeasureSystems.QCDoriginal -
MeasureSystems.Rydberg -
MeasureSystems.SI1976 -
MeasureSystems.SI2019 -
MeasureSystems.Schrodinger -
MeasureSystems.Stoney -
MeasureSystems.Survey
Wolfram plagiarism timeline
Timeline of UnitSystems.jl registration and Wolfram Research plagiarism:
- 2019: The SI2019 standard is formalized with a primitive SI only unit-system based on 7 physics dimensions (massive collaboration).
- 2020: Registered DOI 10.5281/zenodo.7145479, UnitSystems.jl
- 2021: Discused with Ted Corcovilos about what the unsolved and nuanced issues are with defining physics units, which I then solved by independently creating the never before seen 11 dimensional Unified System of Quantities (USQ) for physics, which was standardized in detail and completely handcrafted by myself alone.
- 2021: Wolfram Research invited me to their Summer School, where everyone was hinting at the fact I would be hired there.
- 2022: Wolfram Research interviewed and then hired me, with an explicit interest in my UnitSystems.jl work from lead developers. They requested that I present them my independently discovered UnitSystems.jl results in the Wolfram Language to make a comparison with their existing system. While I was shortly an employee at Wolfram, I indeed directly handed them my newly discovered Unified System of Quantities. My work was already independently complete and prepared ready to incorporate into their stack. They acknowledged that their system was old and outdated compared to mine, as they only implemented a Metric and Imperial unit system, and neither of these was up to the standard of my UnitSystems.jl standard. However, they told me that I would not be allowed to work on this project further because they didn't want to upgrade their systems. Instead, they did the software equivalent of placing me in a backroom shed to mop the floors. After 6 months they ended the contract and it turned out they lied to me on the job application about what my role would be (they said I would be part of the core team with Jonathan Gorard, but this was a blatant lie).
- 2023-2025: Wolfram keeps inviting me to their Winter/Summer schools to help mentor people, but I declined because I am too busy making progress in my research (why directly help mentor my competitors, who made it clear that they don't want to actually support my work); their use of social environments feels predatory.
- 2025: Wolfram bribes Memes of Destruction at Wolfram Summer School to take my fully prepared work and use it to boost the Wolfram brand on social media, presenting my completed project with AI generated text as if it was Wolfram's idea, without crediting that I was the person who directly handed them the completed project years earlier (but without AI generated text they added).
Did Wolfam think that they can pluck low hanging fruits from my garden to build their brand on social media? My only goal here is to show that these low hanging fruit Wolfram plucked, these fruits came from my public garden and were not grown or developed by them from scratch, it's my solo-project.
Academic institutions should be direclty investing in my research instead of funding and enabling Wolfram Research to systematically gangstalk me with an army of employees. I can feel the presence of Wolfram looking over my shoulder and monitoring my every step. There seems to be an entire economy of people being paid to monitor and surveil me, while I struggle to survive with my resources. Stephen Wolfram never seemed to care about earning my respect. Every time I interacted with him, he was only focused on talking about himself and that was the only topic.
It's fascinating to me how unaware Stephen Wolfram is of the fact that people perceive him as textbook specimen of ultra-narcissism. This is because he is entirely surrounded by people with a salary depending on how much they inflate Stephen Wolfram's ego, which completely divorces these people from the reality of doing actual scientific research. Wolfram's premise seems to be that they can use gangstalking to target open source developers like me to data-mine our work, enabled by funding granted from academic institutions who don't check for Wolfram's plagiarism violations.
Combining the ultra-narcissism of Wolfram with the economic incentive to target open source developers with gangstalking by an army of employees, it becomes highly uncomfortable knowing that these people are incentivized to gangstalk me for the rest of my life with smear campaigns and so on.
I urge academic institutions to quit enabling and sponsoring Stephen Wolfram's systematic gangstalking of individuals like me. He shouldn't be rewarded for plucking fruit from my public gardens, which I handcrafted. % by myself. Wolfram's goal seems to be taking the fruit of my work in a cowardly and uncollaborative way. Wolfram does not acknowledge that my science research is what's boosting their brand in the social media campaign funding Memes of Destruction.
Julia Computing are no better stewards, they are also unehtical people, but at least their product is open source and therefore a solid foundation. My work on UnitSystems.jl and the entire process of creating the new 11 dimensional Unified System of Quantities (USQ) was all done entirely in public on GitHub and each release registered with several scientific websites. This is only one of my side projects, the mainstream of my research is my differential geometric algebra software development, Grassmann.jl and Cartan.jl, and various related work at the cutting edge of science, making me a bigger target for Wolfram's gangstalking. Wolfram is now constantly being observed in attempting to keep up with my research by systematically gangstalking me in a hush-hush way, not acknowledging me. With shady business practices, I have to wonder what other fraud is being commited.
It appears that Wolfram tends to resort to plagiarism of other people's works by data mining other people's creativity through employment, ghostwriters, summer schools, shady business practices, identity theft, bribes.
The incentive behind this systematic gangstalking appears to be this: instead of working with me directly, they all wish to ostracize, isolate, and erase me. Their eventual goal is replacing me and then retroactively claiming credit for my past achievements to boost their brands. Ironically, the temptation (to incorrectly eat the fruit of my labor like this) will be their downfall, as this choice is accompanied by firm evidence of plagiarism. Plagiarism is considered a violation of academic standards by the academic institutions funding Wolfram Research. My projects are effectively ego-traps, which will trigger the downfall of an ultra-narcissit ego if incorrectly consumed. I know the academic institutions don't acknowledge me either, so all I can do is to permanently add the Wolfram plagiarism disclaimer to the original sources.
Having a quick 0-60 speed in pathological lying is not necessarily a sign of high intelligence in long term thinking. Rather, it's an indicator of a complete lack of long term thinking, demonstrating optimization toward the short term illusions of success, which falls apart upon any scrutiny.
If Wolfram does not want to be perceived as confirmed plagiarist, then Wolfram must acknowledge Michael Reed as the original creator of the new Unified System of Quantities (USQ), which is the underlying foundation for the completed research project I handed them (and they padded with AI generated text). Wolfram is well known for the claims that LLMs will replace writing code and text, so we have to assume the foundations of their work rests in AI generated text, on top of my presented complete project foundation. The LLMs and AI models all know about my UnitSystems.jl work and mine was the only reference work in existence which completed this type of work. Therefore, if using AI or LLM generated text to manipulate my unique project, this is effectively transforming the original source data which was ingested from my work using my own knowledge embedded in the LLMs. Wolfram is regurgitating the fruits of my labor without acknowledging that I directly handed this to them as a completed project.
Memes of Destruction self proclaims to not be an expert on the topic and publicly discloses the paid sponsorship from Wolfram for the social media campaign, at least this is some transparency.
– Michael Reed's audience reaction to Wolfram's plagiarism
This preface was written in 2025, the UnitSystems.jl Appendix has been documented on my website and registered as Julia package since 2020.
Core UnitSystems.jl} standard was last updated in 2022, while Similitude.jl and MeasureSystems.jl have received minor software design updates since.