The Twenty Twenty Three theme–and most likely others–automatically create home-page excerpts from the first ~55 characters of a post stripped o HTML, so your shortcodes will be stripped and thus not work in them, so test on the actual page.
Here is the opening sentence, which should show the number of years here: 25 and then some more text here.
Here is an in-line shortcode for calculating an interval in years, months, and days from 12/31/2000: 25 years, 3 months, and 0 days.
And here’s a Menu In Post drop-down to test: