Carbon pricing would be the most structurally embedded risk and hardest to reverse. Carbon pricing is different as it sits directly on Scope 3, where 96–99% of apparel emissions occur. That means it’s embedded in Tier 2 manufacturing and upstream energy systems. Unless those systems decarbonise, cost exposure compounds year over year.
Fashion has often been an instrument of colonialism, exporting aesthetics, material cultures, erasing identities and traditional cultural practices. Decolonising fashion means challenging colonial legacies of oppression and exploitation, decentring the fashion system through critical research, cultural plurality, and communication of often untold stories, foregrounding indigenous knowledge, beyond Western logics.