{"id":44053,"date":"2025-08-06T17:24:19","date_gmt":"2025-08-06T08:24:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/techgym.jp\/?p=44053"},"modified":"2025-08-06T17:24:24","modified_gmt":"2025-08-06T08:24:24","slug":"python-set-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/techgym.jp\/column\/python-set-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Python\u306eset\u578b\u3067\u96c6\u5408\u6f14\u7b97\u3092\u30de\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u3010\u548c\u96c6\u5408\u30fb\u7a4d\u96c6\u5408\u30fb\u90e8\u5206\u96c6\u5408\u5b8c\u5168\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u3011"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Python\u306eset\u578b\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u3092\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u6271\u3048\u308b\u512a\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u548c\u96c6\u5408\u3001\u7a4d\u96c6\u5408\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u306a\u3069\u3001set\u578b\u306e\u5168\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3068\u5171\u306b\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

set\u578b\u306e\u57fa\u672c<\/h2>\n

\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n
# \u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u4f5c\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\nset1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nset2 = set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])  # \u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u4f5c\u6210\nset3 = set(\"hello\")          # \u6587\u5b57\u5217\u304b\u3089\u4f5c\u6210 {'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n\nprint(set1)  # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set3)  # {'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7a7a\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3068\u91cd\u8907\u306e\u9664\u53bb<\/h3>\n
# \u7a7a\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\nempty_set = set()           # \u7a7a\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\n# empty_set = {}            # \u3053\u308c\u306f\u8f9e\u66f8\uff01\n\n# \u91cd\u8907\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u81ea\u52d5\u9664\u53bb\nduplicate_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4]\nunique_set = set(duplicate_list)\nprint(unique_set)  # {1, 2, 3, 4}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n
\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\u3068\u524a\u9664<\/h3>\n
fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\n# \u8981\u7d20\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\nfruits.add(\"grape\")\nprint(fruits)  # {'apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n\n# \u8907\u6570\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\nfruits.update([\"mango\", \"kiwi\"])\nprint(fruits)\n\n# \u8981\u7d20\u306e\u524a\u9664\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")     # \u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u304c\u51fa\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3042\u308a\nfruits.discard(\"cherry\")    # \u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u304c\u51fa\u306a\u3044\npopped = fruits.pop()       # \u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u524a\u9664\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u9577\u3055\u3068\u5b58\u5728\u78ba\u8a8d<\/h3>\n
numbers = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}\n\n# \u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\nsize = len(numbers)         # 5\nprint(f\"\u8981\u7d20\u6570: {size}\")\n\n# \u8981\u7d20\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u78ba\u8a8d\nprint(3 in numbers)         # True\nprint(4 in numbers)         # False\nprint(6 not in numbers)     # True\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u548c\u96c6\u5408\uff08Union\uff09<\/h2>\n
union()\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3068|\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50<\/h3>\n
set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\n# union()\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\nunion1 = set_a.union(set_b)\nprint(union1)  # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n\n# |\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\nunion2 = set_a | set_b\nprint(union2)  # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n\n# \u8907\u6570\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u548c\u96c6\u5408\nset_c = {5, 6, 7}\nunion3 = set_a | set_b | set_c\nprint(union3)  # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
update()\u306b\u3088\u308b\u548c\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u4ee3\u5165<\/h3>\n
set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\n# \u5143\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u5909\u66f4\nset_a.update(set_b)  # set_a |= set_b \u3068\u540c\u7b49\nprint(set_a)         # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7a4d\u96c6\u5408\uff08Intersection\uff09<\/h2>\n
intersection()\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3068&\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50<\/h3>\n
set_a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5, 6}\n\n# intersection()\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\nintersection1 = set_a.intersection(set_b)\nprint(intersection1)  # {3, 4}\n\n# &\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\nintersection2 = set_a & set_b\nprint(intersection2)  # {3, 4}\n\n# \u8907\u6570\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u7a4d\u96c6\u5408\nset_c = {2, 3, 4, 7}\nintersection3 = set_a & set_b & set_c\nprint(intersection3)  # {3, 4}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5171\u901a\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u78ba\u8a8d<\/h3>\n
set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {4, 5, 6}\nset_c = {2, 4, 6}\n\n# \u5171\u901a\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\nprint(set_a.isdisjoint(set_b))  # True\uff08\u5171\u901a\u8981\u7d20\u306a\u3057\uff09\nprint(set_a.isdisjoint(set_c))  # False\uff08\u5171\u901a\u8981\u7d20\u3042\u308a\uff09\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5dee\u96c6\u5408\uff08Difference\uff09<\/h2>\n
difference()\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3068-\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50<\/h3>\n
set_a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}\n\n# difference()\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\ndiff1 = set_a.difference(set_b)\nprint(diff1)  # {1, 2}\n\n# -\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\ndiff2 = set_a - set_b\nprint(diff2)  # {1, 2}\n\n# \u9006\u65b9\u5411\u306e\u5dee\u96c6\u5408\ndiff3 = set_b - set_a\nprint(diff3)  # {6, 7}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5dee\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u4ee3\u5165<\/h3>\n
set_a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\n# \u5143\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u9664\u53bb\nset_a.difference_update(set_b)  # set_a -= set_b \u3068\u540c\u7b49\nprint(set_a)  # {1, 2}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5bfe\u79f0\u5dee\u96c6\u5408\uff08Symmetric Difference\uff09<\/h2>\n
symmetric_difference()\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3068^\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50<\/h3>\n
set_a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5, 6}\n\n# symmetric_difference()\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\nsym_diff1 = set_a.symmetric_difference(set_b)\nprint(sym_diff1)  # {1, 2, 5, 6}\n\n# ^\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\nsym_diff2 = set_a ^ set_b\nprint(sym_diff2)  # {1, 2, 5, 6}\n\n# \u5bfe\u79f0\u5dee\u96c6\u5408\u306f (A-B) \u222a (B-A) \u3068\u540c\u3058\nmanual_sym_diff = (set_a - set_b) | (set_b - set_a)\nprint(manual_sym_diff)  # {1, 2, 5, 6}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u90e8\u5206\u96c6\u5408\u30fb\u4e0a\u4f4d\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5224\u5b9a<\/h2>\n
subset\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u306e\u5224\u5b9a<\/h3>\n
set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nset_c = {1, 2, 3}\n\n# \u90e8\u5206\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\nprint(set_a.issubset(set_b))    # True\uff08A\u306fB\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u96c6\u5408\uff09\nprint(set_a <= set_b)           # True\uff08\u540c\u4e0a\uff09\n\n# \u771f\u90e8\u5206\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\nprint(set_a < set_b)            # True\uff08A\u306fB\u306e\u771f\u90e8\u5206\u96c6\u5408\uff09\nprint(set_a < set_c)            # False\uff08\u540c\u3058\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\uff09\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
superset\uff08\u4e0a\u4f4d\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u306e\u5224\u5b9a<\/h3>\n
set_a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nset_b = {2, 3}\n\n# \u4e0a\u4f4d\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\nprint(set_a.issuperset(set_b))  # True\uff08A\u306fB\u306e\u4e0a\u4f4d\u96c6\u5408\uff09\nprint(set_a >= set_b)           # True\uff08\u540c\u4e0a\uff09\n\n# \u771f\u4e0a\u4f4d\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\nprint(set_a > set_b)            # True\uff08A\u306fB\u306e\u771f\u4e0a\u4f4d\u96c6\u5408\uff09\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
frozenset\uff08\u4e0d\u5909\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\uff09<\/h2>\n
frozenset\u306e\u57fa\u672c<\/h3>\n
# \u4e0d\u5909\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\nfrozen_set = frozenset([1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(frozen_set)  # frozenset({1, 2, 3, 4})\n\n# \u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u3057\u3066frozenset\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\nset_of_sets = {\n    frozenset([1, 2]),\n    frozenset([3, 4]),\n    frozenset([1, 2])  # \u91cd\u8907\u306f\u9664\u53bb\u3055\u308c\u308b\n}\nprint(set_of_sets)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
frozenset\u3068\u901a\u5e38set\u306e\u6f14\u7b97<\/h3>\n
normal_set = {1, 2, 3}\nfrozen_set = frozenset([2, 3, 4])\n\n# \u6f14\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u901a\u5e38set\nunion = normal_set | frozen_set\nprint(type(union))  # <class 'set'>\nprint(union)        # {1, 2, 3, 4}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u5fdc\u7528\u4f8b<\/h2>\n
\u91cd\u8907\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u691c\u51fa<\/h3>\n
def find_duplicates(data_list):\n    seen = set()\n    duplicates = set()\n    \n    for item in data_list:\n        if item in seen:\n            duplicates.add(item)\n        else:\n            seen.add(item)\n    \n    return duplicates\n\ndata = [1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6]\ndups = find_duplicates(data)\nprint(f\"\u91cd\u8907\u8981\u7d20: {dups}\")  # {2, 3}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u6a29\u9650\u306e\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n
class UserPermissions:\n    def __init__(self, user_id):\n        self.user_id = user_id\n        self.permissions = set()\n    \n    def grant_permission(self, permission):\n        self.permissions.add(permission)\n    \n    def revoke_permission(self, permission):\n        self.permissions.discard(permission)\n    \n    def has_permission(self, permission):\n        return permission in self.permissions\n    \n    def has_all_permissions(self, required_permissions):\n        return required_permissions.issubset(self.permissions)\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u4f8b\nuser = UserPermissions(\"user001\")\nuser.grant_permission(\"read\")\nuser.grant_permission(\"write\")\n\nrequired = {\"read\", \"write\", \"admin\"}\nprint(user.has_all_permissions(required))  # False\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u5dee\u5206\u691c\u51fa<\/h3>\n
def database_diff(old_records, new_records):\n    old_set = set(old_records)\n    new_set = set(new_records)\n    \n    added = new_set - old_set\n    deleted = old_set - new_set\n    common = old_set & new_set\n    \n    return {\n        'added': added,\n        'deleted': deleted,\n        'unchanged': common\n    }\n\nold_data = ['user1', 'user2', 'user3']\nnew_data = ['user2', 'user3', 'user4', 'user5']\n\ndiff = database_diff(old_data, new_data)\nprint(f\"\u8ffd\u52a0: {diff['added']}\")      # {'user4', 'user5'}\nprint(f\"\u524a\u9664: {diff['deleted']}\")    # {'user1'}\nprint(f\"\u5909\u66f4\u306a\u3057: {diff['unchanged']}\")  # {'user2', 'user3'}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6027\u80fd\u7279\u6027\u3068\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9<\/h2>\n
\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u691c\u7d22\u901f\u5ea6<\/h3>\n
import time\n\n# \u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u306e\u691c\u7d22\uff08O(n)\uff09\nlarge_list = list(range(10000))\nstart = time.time()\nresult = 9999 in large_list\nend = time.time()\nprint(f\"\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u691c\u7d22\u6642\u9593: {end-start:.6f}\u79d2\")\n\n# \u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u306e\u691c\u7d22\uff08O(1)\uff09\nlarge_set = set(range(10000))\nstart = time.time()\nresult = 9999 in large_set\nend = time.time()\nprint(f\"\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u691c\u7d22\u6642\u9593: {end-start:.6f}\u79d2\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u30cf\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u307f<\/h3>\n
# \u30cf\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u8981\u7d20\nvalid_set = {1, \"text\", (1, 2), frozenset([3, 4])}\n\n# \u30cf\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u8981\u7d20\uff08\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306b\u306a\u308b\uff09\ntry:\n    invalid_set = {[1, 2, 3]}  # \u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\nexcept TypeError as e:\n    print(f\"\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc: {e}\")\n\ntry:\n    invalid_set = {{1, 2, 3}}  # \u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\nexcept TypeError as e:\n    print(f\"\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc: {e}\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n
Python\u306eset\u578b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u6301\u3064\u512a\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3067\u3059\uff1a<\/p>\n