For first core, look at:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\CentralProcessor\0
For example:
"Update Revision" = 0xba - current latest microcode (from mcupdate_*.dll)
"Previous Update Revision" = 0xb3 - default original microcode version (from BIOS)
"Identifier" - Intel64 Family 6 Model 15 Stepping 11
"Platform Specific Field 1" - 0x80
Microcode is taken from c:\Windows\System32\mcupdate_GenuineIntel.dll (or mcupdate_AuthenticAMD.dll) using "Identifier" and "Platform Specific Field 1". For Intel, you can search for "DataVersion" UTF-16 string from mcupdate_GenuineIntel.dll to see all included ucode versions. For cpu id from example: "6fb-80,ba" (format is FamilyModelStepping-PF,ucRevision in hex).