What does a single exclamation mark do in YAML?

Question

I'm working with the YamlDotNet library and I'm getting this error when loading a YAML file:

While parsing a tag, did not find expected tag URI.

The YAML file is supposed to be well-formed because it comes right from RoR. The error seems to be triggered by this code:

formats:
  default: ! '%d-%m-%Y'
  long: ! '%d %B, %Y'
  short: ! '%d %b'

I'm not an expert, but I see from the YAML spec that you can use an exclamation mark to indicate a custom object/type, and two exclamation marks to indicate an explicit built-in type.

obj1: !custom # whatever
obj2: !!str "My string"

However I haven't been able to find any reference to an exclamation mark used as above. What does that mean, and why the YAML library I use doesn't seem able to parse it? Note that if I remove those exclamation marks, the file is parsed fine.

silkfire · Accepted Answer · 2021-11-22 09:09:52Z

71

+100

That ! is the non-specific tag.

The YAML specification 1.2 (as well as the previous 1.1) says that :

By explicitly specifying a “!” non-specific tag property, the node would then be resolved to a “vanilla” sequence, mapping, or string, according to its kind.

Take a look here to the tag "grammar":

none    : Unspecified tag (automatically resolved by application).
'!'     : Non-specific tag (by default, "!!map"/"!!seq"/"!!str").
'!foo'  : Primary (by convention, means a local "!foo" tag).
'!!foo' : Secondary (by convention, means "tag:yaml.org,2002:foo").
'!h!foo': Requires "%TAG !h! <prefix>" (and then means "<prefix>foo").
'!<foo>': Verbatim tag (always means "foo").

Why is YamlDotNet throwing a error? I can't be 100% sure, but I think you found a bug.

YamlDotNet is a port of LibYAML, so it's easy to compare sources.

Line 2635 of scanner.c (LibYAML):

/* Check if the tag is non-empty. */
if (!length) {

Line 2146 of Scanner.cs (YamlDotNet ):

// Check if the tag is non-empty.
if (tag.Length == 0)

I know, both looks very similar, but at this point length is 1 and tag.Length is 0. Original C code takes care of the initial "!" (whole length) but C# doesn't do it (just the tag "name" length).

File an issue to the project.

edited Nov 22, 2021 at 9:09

silkfire

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answered Mar 14, 2012 at 14:03

Juan Mellado

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5 Comments

Dario Solera Over a year ago

Commenting the check seems to fix the problem, but I have no idea about its effect on other constructs. I've filed a bug on the project anyway.

Magne Over a year ago

would it be equivalent to wrap the entire string in quotation marks instead of using the single exclamation mark in front?

kovpack Over a year ago

links to specifications should be fixed (1.1 - link to 1.2, 1.2 - links to 1.1)

Burhan Ali Over a year ago

The explanation is a little opaque. Do you have an example of using! (or any of the variants you mentioned)?

mowwwalker Over a year ago

I'm agreed with Burhan, that's impossible to decipher without having more experience with YAML. This answer elaborates a little more on tags themselves: stackoverflow.com/a/17192241/828584

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