Comparing the cancer potencies of emissions from vapourised nicotine products including e-cigarettes with those of tobacco smoke

“…It is noted that cancer risks for formaldehyde from secondhand emissions at medium and high puff groups were over 10× higher than those recommended by U.S. EPA (1×10 − 6 ), whereas acetaldehyde only had slightly higher cancer risk (1.35×10 − 6 ) at high puff group from secondhand emission. This is highly consistent with ndings from Stephens et al showing formaldehyde was the highest ranked carcinogen among many VOCs emitted from ENDS uses (97). Our integrative metabolome-wide network association analysis revealed that only formaldehyde from secondhand emission, not rsthand emission, was associated with major vitamins and lipid regulated pathway perturbation.…”

“…Interestingly, the findings reported by Werley et al and summarized by the FDA CTP are comparable to the estimated carcinogenic risk findings reported herein, that is, our findings did not identify the absence of any risks, rather they suggest a substantial reduction in the potential cancer risks in comparison to the 3R4F reference cigarette. Our findings are also comparable to the carcinogenic risk assessments performed by Stephens, Rodrigo et al, and Slob et al [ [56] , [57] , [58] ]. Stephens concluded that HTPs had a lower mean lifetime cancer risk than combustible cigarettes, based on an evaluation of 15 carcinogens reported in the emissions from 44 different products.…”

“…Figure 3. Types of VOCs produced by three types of tobacco products and the percentage of semi-VOCs (SVOCs) relative to the total VOCs (TVOCs) emission.The formaldehyde and acetaldehyde contents in the mainstream aerosols of e-cigarettes measured in this study were 1.13 ± 0.22 × 10 −2 and 5.64 ± 1.09 × 10 −3 µg/mL (converted at 55 mL per puff), which coincide with the results of Stephens et al (8.07 × 10 −3 and 4.41 × 10 −3 µg/mL)[43]. Ethyl acetate, ethanol, DL-menthol, and benzoic acid are the main additives in e-liquid formulations.…”