Circ: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
 2016
DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.115.002436
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Is Isolated Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor?

Jacquelaine Bartlett
1
,
Irene M. Predazzi
2
,
Scott M. Williams
3
et al.

Abstract: Background While the inverse association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and risk of (CVD) has been long established, it remains unclear whether low HDL-C remains a CVD risk factor when levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) are not elevated. This is a timely issue because recent studies have questioned whether HDL-C is truly an independent predictor of CVD. Methods and Results 3590 men and women from the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort witho… Show more

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Cited by 98 publications

(57 citation statements)
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“…In addition, our nomograms, unlike these CVD risk assessment scores where total cholesterol is used as an independent predictor, included lipid spectrum indicators, such as TG, HDL-C and LDL-C. Our nomograms demonstrated that low levels of HDL-C and high levels of TG and LDL-C contribute significantly to the risk of CVD. This result is similar to the findings of Bartlett et al [ 65 ], who examined the association of low levels of HDL-C with a risk of CVD against the background of increased levels of TG and LDL-C and found that CVD risk was higher when low HDL-C was accompanied by LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0–1.6), TG ≥ 100 mg/dL (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.5) or both (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.2). Moreover, the study shown that high levels of TG increase the risk of developing CVD, regardless of the level of HDL-C and LDL-C. Another study [ 66 ] also found that increasing TG levels increased the risk of CVD, regardless of HDL-C levels, and in men there was an increase in the risk of CVD with increasing TG levels to 100 mg/dL, and in women to 200 mg/dL.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…In addition, our nomograms, unlike these CVD risk assessment scores where total cholesterol is used as an independent predictor, included lipid spectrum indicators, such as TG, HDL-C and LDL-C. Our nomograms demonstrated that low levels of HDL-C and high levels of TG and LDL-C contribute significantly to the risk of CVD. This result is similar to the findings of Bartlett et al [ 65 ], who examined the association of low levels of HDL-C with a risk of CVD against the background of increased levels of TG and LDL-C and found that CVD risk was higher when low HDL-C was accompanied by LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0–1.6), TG ≥ 100 mg/dL (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.5) or both (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.2). Moreover, the study shown that high levels of TG increase the risk of developing CVD, regardless of the level of HDL-C and LDL-C. Another study [ 66 ] also found that increasing TG levels increased the risk of CVD, regardless of HDL-C levels, and in men there was an increase in the risk of CVD with increasing TG levels to 100 mg/dL, and in women to 200 mg/dL.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…In spite of the low levels of HDL-C reported earlier in this population [ 26 ], HDL-C was not associated with self-reported CVD in this study. This is consistent with earlier reports which showed that isolated low HDL-C levels may not necessarily reflect CVD risk [ 49 ]. Rather, HDL-C sub-fractions have been reported to improve CVD prediction [ 50 , 51 ] Future studies are therefore recommended to investigate the relationship of HDL-C sub-fractions with CVD risk in this population.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…33,34 Since APOA5 rs662799 was associated with higher HDL-c levels (Table 4) at baseline (P=0.007) and to a lesser extent following statin treatment (P=0.031), we postulated that this SNP may have a protective effect against CVD risk, as suggested previously. 35,36,37 In terms of HDL-c levels, our findings are in accordance with those of a study in the Turkish Cypriot population (n=100) which indicated that homozygous recessive GG genotypes had considerably higher HDL-c levels than other genotypes (P =0.014). 38 In addition to higher HDL-c levels, minor allele G carriers also had a lower TG level (P <0.001) after 6 months of statin treatment.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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