---
title: "Discrete Mathematics"
language: "en"
type: "Guide"
summary: "The Wolfram Language has been used to make many important discoveries in discrete mathematics over the past two decades. Its integration of highly efficient and often original algorithms together with its high-level symbolic language has made it a unique environment for the exploration, development, and application of discrete mathematics."
sections: 
  - 
    title: "List and Set Operations"
    link: "paclet:guide/OperationsOnSets"
  - 
    title: "Permutations"
    link: "paclet:guide/Permutations"
  - 
    title: "Group Theory"
    link: "paclet:guide/GroupTheory"
  - 
    title: "Enumeration-Related Functions"
    link: "paclet:guide/CombinatorialFunctions"
  - 
    title: "Discrete Calculus"
    link: "paclet:guide/DiscreteCalculus"
  - 
    title: "Integer Sequences"
    link: "paclet:guide/IntegerSequences"
  - 
    title: "Strings and Digits"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Graphs and Networks"
    link: "paclet:guide/GraphsAndNetworks"
  - 
    title: "Trees & Expression Enumeration"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Combinatorial Optimization"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Boolean Computation"
    link: "paclet:guide/BooleanComputation"
  - 
    title: "Algebraic Systems"
    link: "paclet:guide/MathematicalData"
  - 
    title: "Computational Systems"
    link: "paclet:guide/ComputationalSystemsAndDiscovery"
  - 
    title: "Cryptography"
    link: "paclet:guide/Cryptography"
keywords: 
- 3D graph drawing
- 3D graph embedding
- 3D graph layout
- 3D graph visualization
- 3D network layout
- 3D network visualization
- Abramov algorithm
- absent from list
- Adamchik techniques
- add
- additive cellular automata
- antisymmetry
- arithmetic difference equations
- arrange
- array automata
- ascending order
- automata
- bang
- bases
- binary digits
- binom
- binomials
- bit and
- bit xor
- block maps
- Bronstein algorithm
- CA
- canonical order
- carry
- cell-automaton
- cell automaton
- cellular automaton
- chirp Z transform
- choose
- comb
- combinations
- combining lists
- continuous mappings of the shift
- conversion
- cost function
- coupled map lattices
- d'Alembert test
- decimal digits
- decode
- decreasing order
- delta function
- delta sequence
- descending order
- difference-algebraic equations
- difference equations
- difference of sets
- digits
- digraph layout
- Dirichlet series
- discrete delta
- discrete Dirac delta
- discrete equations
- discrete Laplace transform
- discrete models
- disjointness
- distinct elements in lists
- divide-and-conquer equations
- draw a graph
- e8
- elementary cellular automata
- element positions
- enumerating sublists
- enumeration of permutations
- epsilon symbol
- Euler's pentagonal formula
- exact optimization
- exclamation point
- expressions ordering
- extremization
- fact
- factorial
- fib
- Fibonacci equations
- Fibonacci sequence
- figure eight
- finite difference equations
- finite group data
- flowchart layout
- formal power series
- generating function
- generating functions
- generating tuples
- geometric difference equations
- global minimization
- goal functions
- Goktas methods
- grade
- grade in APL
- graph data
- graph drawing
- graph embedding
- graph layout
- graph plot
- graph plot3
- graph plot 3D
- graph visualization
- half adder
- Hardy-Ramanujan-Rademacher algorithm
- hexadecimal digits
- hierarchical graph layout
- hypergeometric sums
- impulse response
- increasing order
- inequalities
- infeasible constraints
- integer digits
- integer linear programming
- integer partitions
- integer programming
- integer sequence equations
- interior point algorithm
- inverse transform
- inverse Z-transform
- inverse Z transform
- inverse ztransform
- iterative arrays
- knot
- knot data
- knot invariants
- k-subsets
- Laplace transform
- largest
- lattice
- layered graph plot
- Lie algebras
- Lie groups
- list complement
- lists
- lists ordering
- LP (linear programming)
- mask
- merging lists
- models
- multiple matches for patterns
- multiple string replacements
- multiway systems
- n-choose-k
- nchoosek
- nCk
- network data
- network layout
- network visualization
- Nim addition
- octal digits
- optimization
- ordered pairs
- order in lists
- order statistics
- overlap between lists
- padding
- pairs
- parametric optimization
- parser construction
- partial difference equations
- partial recurrence equations
- partitions
- pay-off functions
- perm
- permutations of lists
- permute
- plot a graph
- polyautomata
- polynomial programming
- power series
- power series expansion
- powerset
- production rules
- pseudotensors
- quadratic programming
- Raabe test
- radix conversion
- ramp response
- random permutation
- random sample
- random subset
- ranking
- rearrangements
- recurrence equations
- recursion equations
- recursive drawing
- remove duplicates
- reordering of lists
- reorderings
- replace list
- replace part of string
- replace substring
- rewrite rules
- root lattices
- rule 30
- rule numbers
- sampling without replacement
- searching
- selecting objects with ordering
- selecting sublists
- sequence equations
- sequences
- set exponential
- sets
- shriek
- signal processing
- signature
- simplex algorithm
- smallest element
- sorting
- sorting of lists
- step response
- Stirling1
- Stirling number of the 1st kind
- Stirling number of the first kind
- Stirling numbers
- Stirling numbers S1
- Stirling s1
- sublists
- subset permutations
- subtraction of sets
- sums
- symmetry reduction
- ternary digits
- tesselation automata
- totalistic cellular automata
- transfer function
- traveling salesman problem
- tree plot
- trefoil
- triples
- TSP
- turing machine
- union of sets
- uniq
- unique elements in lists
- unknot
- unpack
- urn problem
- van Hoeij algorithms
- ztransform
canonical_url: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DiscreteMathematics.html"
source: "Wolfram Language Documentation"
related_guides: 
  - 
    title: "String Manipulation"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StringManipulation.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Number Theory"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NumberTheory.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Computational Geometry"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComputationalGeometry.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Analyzing Discrete & Integer Data"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DiscreteAndIntegerData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Finite Fields"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FiniteFields.en.md"
  - 
    title: "List Manipulation"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ListManipulation.en.md"
related_functions: 
  - 
    title: "And"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/And.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Binomial"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Binomial.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BitAnd"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitAnd.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BitXor"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitXor.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BooleanFunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanFunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BooleanMinimize"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanMinimize.en.md"
  - 
    title: "CellularAutomaton"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellularAutomaton.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ClusteringTree"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClusteringTree.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Complement"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Complement.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ContinuedFractionK"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContinuedFractionK.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Decrypt"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Decrypt.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DifferenceDelta"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferenceDelta.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DisjointQ"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DisjointQ.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Encrypt"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Factorial"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Factorial.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Fibonacci"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Fibonacci.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindCycle"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindCycle.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindGraphIsomorphism"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindGraphIsomorphism.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindMinimum"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMinimum.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindSequenceFunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindSequenceFunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindShortestPath"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindShortestPath.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindShortestTour"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindShortestTour.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindSpanningTree"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindSpanningTree.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FiniteGroupCount"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteGroupCount.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FiniteGroupData"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteGroupData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FrobeniusSolve"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrobeniusSolve.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GenerateSymmetricKey"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenerateSymmetricKey.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GeneratingFunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneratingFunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Graph"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graph.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GroupElementQ"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupElementQ.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GroupElements"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupElements.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Groupings"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Groupings.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GroupOrder"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupOrder.en.md"
  - 
    title: "IntegerDigits"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerDigits.en.md"
  - 
    title: "IntegerPartitions"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerPartitions.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Intersection"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Intersection.en.md"
  - 
    title: "KaryTree"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KaryTree.en.md"
  - 
    title: "KnapsackSolve"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KnapsackSolve.en.md"
  - 
    title: "KnotData"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KnotData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LatticeData"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LatticeData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LinearRecurrence"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearRecurrence.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Minimize"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Minimize.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Or"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Or.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Ordering"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Ordering.en.md"
  - 
    title: "PartitionsP"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PartitionsP.en.md"
  - 
    title: "PermutationGroup"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationGroup.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Permutations"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Permutations.en.md"
  - 
    title: "RandomSample"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomSample.en.md"
  - 
    title: "RecurrenceTable"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RecurrenceTable.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ReplaceList"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReplaceList.en.md"
  - 
    title: "RSolve"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RSolve.en.md"
  - 
    title: "RulePlot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RulePlot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SatisfiableQ"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SatisfiableQ.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Signature"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Signature.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Sort"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sort.en.md"
  - 
    title: "StirlingS1"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StirlingS1.en.md"
  - 
    title: "StringReplaceList"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringReplaceList.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Subsets"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Subsets.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SubstitutionSystem"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubstitutionSystem.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Sum"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sum.en.md"
  - 
    title: "TreeGraph"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeGraph.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Tuples"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tuples.en.md"
  - 
    title: "TuringMachine"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TuringMachine.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Union"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Union.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ZTransform"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZTransform.en.md"
related_tutorials: 
  - 
    title: "List as Sets"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Lists.en.md#20366"
  - 
    title: "Ordering in Lists"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Lists.en.md#6191"
  - 
    title: "Combinatorial Functions"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/MathematicalFunctions.en.md#8942"
  - 
    title: "Solving Recurrence Equations"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SeriesLimitsAndResidues.en.md#21840"
  - 
    title: "Operations on Strings"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/StringsAndCharacters.en.md#16303"
  - 
    title: "Graph Drawing"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GraphDrawingOverview.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Cellular Automata"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NumericalOperationsOnData.en.md#29033"
---
# Discrete Mathematics

The Wolfram Language has been used to make many important discoveries in discrete mathematics over the past two decades. Its integration of highly efficient and often original algorithms together with its high-level symbolic language has made it a unique environment for the exploration, development, and application of discrete mathematics.

---

### [List and Set Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/OperationsOnSets.en.md)

* [`Tuples`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tuples.en.md)
* [`Subsets`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Subsets.en.md)
* [`Union`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Union.en.md)
* [`Intersection`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Intersection.en.md)
* [`Complement`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Complement.en.md)
* [`DisjointQ`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DisjointQ.en.md)
* [`...`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/OperationsOnSets.en.md)

### [`Permutations`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Permutations.en.md)

* [`Permutations`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Permutations.en.md)
* [`Sort`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sort.en.md)
* [`Ordering`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Ordering.en.md)
* [`Signature`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Signature.en.md)
* [`RandomSample`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomSample.en.md)
* [`...`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Permutations.en.md)

### [Group Theory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GroupTheory.en.md)

* [`PermutationGroup`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationGroup.en.md)
* [`GroupOrder`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupOrder.en.md)
* [`GroupElements`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupElements.en.md)
* [`GroupElementQ`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupElementQ.en.md)
* [`...`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GroupTheory.en.md)

### [Enumeration-Related Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CombinatorialFunctions.en.md)

* [`Factorial`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Factorial.en.md)
* [`Binomial`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Binomial.en.md)
* [`Fibonacci`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Fibonacci.en.md)
* [`StirlingS1`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StirlingS1.en.md)
* [`PartitionsP`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PartitionsP.en.md)
* [`IntegerPartitions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerPartitions.en.md)
* [`FiniteGroupCount`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteGroupCount.en.md)
* [`...`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CombinatorialFunctions.en.md)

### [Discrete Calculus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DiscreteCalculus.en.md)

[`RSolve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RSolve.en.md) — solve recurrence equations

* [`Sum`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sum.en.md)
* [`GeneratingFunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneratingFunction.en.md)
* [`ZTransform`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZTransform.en.md)
* [`DifferenceDelta`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferenceDelta.en.md)
* [`ContinuedFractionK`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContinuedFractionK.en.md)
* [`...`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DiscreteCalculus.en.md)

### [Integer Sequences](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/IntegerSequences.en.md)

[`FindSequenceFunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindSequenceFunction.en.md) — find functions for integer sequences

* [`RecurrenceTable`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RecurrenceTable.en.md)
* [`LinearRecurrence`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearRecurrence.en.md)
* [`...`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/IntegerSequences.en.md)

### Strings and Digits

* [`StringReplaceList`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringReplaceList.en.md)
* [`IntegerDigits`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerDigits.en.md)
* [`BitXor`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitXor.en.md)
* [`BitAnd`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitAnd.en.md)

[`ReplaceList`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReplaceList.en.md) — generate a list of forms matching a pattern

### [Graphs and Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphsAndNetworks.en.md)

[`Graph`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graph.en.md) — represent an undirected, directed, or mixed graph, or a multigraph

* [`FindShortestPath`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindShortestPath.en.md)
* [`FindCycle`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindCycle.en.md)
* [`FindGraphIsomorphism`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindGraphIsomorphism.en.md)
* [`...`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphsAndNetworks.en.md)

### Trees & Expression Enumeration

* [`TreeGraph`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeGraph.en.md)
* [`KaryTree`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KaryTree.en.md)
* [`FindSpanningTree`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindSpanningTree.en.md)
* [`ClusteringTree`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClusteringTree.en.md)
* ...

[`Groupings`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Groupings.en.md) — generate all possible tree expressions from lists of elements

### Combinatorial Optimization

[`FindMinimum`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMinimum.en.md), [`Minimize`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Minimize.en.md) — solve integer programming problems

[`FindShortestTour`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindShortestTour.en.md) — solve traveling salesman problems

* [`KnapsackSolve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KnapsackSolve.en.md)
* [`FrobeniusSolve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrobeniusSolve.en.md)

### [Boolean Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BooleanComputation.en.md)

* [`And`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/And.en.md)
* [`Or`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Or.en.md)
* [`SatisfiableQ`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SatisfiableQ.en.md)
* [`BooleanFunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanFunction.en.md)
* [`BooleanMinimize`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanMinimize.en.md)
* [`...`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BooleanComputation.en.md)

### [Algebraic Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MathematicalData.en.md)

* [`FiniteGroupData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteGroupData.en.md)
* [`LatticeData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LatticeData.en.md)
* [`KnotData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KnotData.en.md)

### [Computational Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComputationalSystemsAndDiscovery.en.md)

* [`CellularAutomaton`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellularAutomaton.en.md)
* [`TuringMachine`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TuringMachine.en.md)
* [`SubstitutionSystem`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubstitutionSystem.en.md)
* [`RulePlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RulePlot.en.md)

### [`Cryptography`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Cryptography.en.md)

* [`Encrypt`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.en.md)
* [`Decrypt`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Decrypt.en.md)
* [`GenerateSymmetricKey`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenerateSymmetricKey.en.md)
* [`...`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Cryptography.en.md)

## Tech Notes

* [List as Sets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Lists.en.md#20366)
* [Ordering in Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Lists.en.md#6191)
* [Combinatorial Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/MathematicalFunctions.en.md#8942)
* [Solving Recurrence Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SeriesLimitsAndResidues.en.md#21840)
* [Operations on Strings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/StringsAndCharacters.en.md#16303)
* [Graph Drawing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GraphDrawingOverview.en.md)
* [Cellular Automata](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NumericalOperationsOnData.en.md#29033)

## Related Guides

* [*Combinatorica* Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/guide/CombinatoricaPackage.en.md)
* [Graph Utilities Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/guide/GraphUtilitiesPackage.en.md)
* [String Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StringManipulation.en.md)
* [Number Theory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NumberTheory.en.md)
* [Computational Geometry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComputationalGeometry.en.md)
* [Analyzing Discrete & Integer Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DiscreteAndIntegerData.en.md)
* [Finite Fields](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FiniteFields.en.md)
* [List Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ListManipulation.en.md)

## Related Links

* [Wolfram Community: Mathematics](http://community.wolfram.com/content?curTag=mathematics)