5 Ways to Remote Desktop on Raspberry Pi (Windows/Linux/Mac)

Using a remote desktop is a very convenient way to control your Raspberry Pi from another computer. This way, you can follow my tutorials on this website (for example) and apply them directly from the same device. In this article, I will introduce you to the 5 best ways to do this.

The easiest solution to remote access a Raspberry Pi with the full desktop experience is to use VNC. It’s included by default on Raspberry Pi OS and works from any computer or smartphone. Other good alternatives include NoMachine, TeamViewer, or RDP.

For each method, I will explain how to set it up on your Raspberry Pi and how to access it from any operating system (Windows, Linux, Mac, and even from your smartphone). Read on to learn everything about these solutions.

If you’re new to Raspberry Pi or Linux, I’ve got something that can help you right away!
Download my free Linux commands cheat sheet – it’s a quick reference guide with all the essential commands you’ll need to get things done on your Raspberry Pi. Click here to get it for free!

1. XRDP on Raspberry Pi OS

Best for cross-compatibility and low latency

XRDP is an open-source remote desktop protocol server, which allows you to connect to the Linux desktop from any operating system.
If you need to open or redirect access on your router or firewall, know that XRDP uses the standard port 3389.

Warning: This method works on Raspberry Pi OS (bookworm) but doesn’t work on the older OS version (bullseye). You won’t be able to log in. A workaround is to disable auto-login in the Raspberry Pi Configuration or use another account (create a new user).

Installation

The installation of XRDP is straightforward as it’s available in the default Raspberry Pi OS repositories.

All you have to do is run the following command:
sudo apt install xrdp

Now that XRDP is installed, you can manage it with the usual commands:
sudo service xrdp start | stop | restart | status

Quick note: If you find it hard to remember all these commands, I’ve put them all on a one-page cheat sheet. You can download it for free here so you have it handy whenever you're working on a project.

But you can also use the Add/Remove Software tool to install XRDP if you prefer not to use the command line.

Connect From Linux

To connect from a Linux PC to your Pi, I recommend using a solution like Remmina.
It is included in the repositories for most distributions, so you can install it with:
sudo apt install remmina

Once installed, start it and connect to your Rasperry Pi’s IP address. If you don’t know how to get it, you can read this article that will explain several ways to find the IP address.

On my Ubuntu version, I encountered the following error:

"You requested an h264 GFX mode for server 192.168.1.15, but your libfreerdp does not support h264. Please check color depth settings."

So, I had to add it as a shortcut, as the quick connection does not allow defining the color depth.
By choosing GFX RFX in the list, the error disappeared, and I was able to connect.

Here is a screenshot of my configuration if you experience the same issue:

Note: If you want to see all these steps in action, I have a video lesson available for the community members. You can join here and watch it directly if you are interested (with 20+ other lessons for Raspberry Pi and many other benefits).

Connect From Windows

The good thing about XRDP is that Windows users already have the client installed. It’s the same protocol that Windows uses to allow users to access Windows servers remotely, so we can use the same tool.

From Windows start the “Remote Desktop Connection” tool from the start menu and fill the IP address:

If you don’t know the IP address, you can read this article that will explain several ways to find the IP address. You can also type “raspberrypi” if there is only one on your network—that’s the default hostname.

Click on “Connect” and you will get the XRDP login screen:

All you need to do is enter your credentials and click OK. Set Session to “Xorg” if you’re not sure what you’re doing. The desktop will then be displayed relatively well.

In my case, the icons were a bit big, so I changed it in the appearance options, but otherwise it was usable immediately.

Connect From MacOS

I was not able to do testing on MacOS, but there are several RDP clients that you can use the same way.

For example, on the Apple Store, install the official client from Microsoft, called the “Windows App,” and connect to your Raspberry Pi by specifying its IP address. Follow the same procedure as for Windows users once the app installed.

Connect From a Smartphone

You can also use the RDP protocol from a smartphone quite easily.
The application “Microsoft Remote Desktop” is also available for Android and iOS.

So, it’s possible to connect and use it, but don’t expect a great experience, as the smartphone screen is not ideal to control another computer!

2. SSH With X11 Forwarding

Best for limited environments or limited port access

SSH gives you remote terminal access, but not everybody knows that it can also provide a graphical interface. X11 is the main Linux graphical window manager, and you can use SSH with X11 forwarding for remote desktop access.

X11 forwarding over SSH is one way to start an app from a server when connected to it via SSH. In our case, this will launch Raspberry Pi applications from our desktop (so it is not full access to the desktop).

This method could work from a remote location—all you would need to do is to open the default SSH port (22).
For security purposes, remember to limit the allowed IP addresses in this case, and maybe set up additional protections like Fail2ban to avoid any security issues.

Installation

You will need to enable the SSH service on your Pi first. X11 forwarding is enabled by default on Raspberry Pi OS,

The easy way to do this is to open the Raspberry Pi Configuration tool, go to the “Interfaces” tab, and enable SSH:

If you have any problems you can check that X11Forwarding is uncommented and set to yes in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.

I wrote an entire guide about SSH on Raspberry Pi; you should probably read it first if this is new for you.

From Windows

If you are on Windows, you will need these applications:
– PuTTY (download it from the official website) for the SSH client.
– Xming (download it on Sourceforge) for the display window.

Once Xming is installed (the default options work very well), follow these steps:

• Start PuTTY.
• Fill the hostname with something like “[email protected]”.
• Fill the Saved sessions with something like “Raspberry Pi”.
• From the left menu, go to Connection > SSH > X11 and check “Enable X11 forwarding”.
• Go back to Session and click Save.
• Then double-click on your new saved session to connect.

You can read this article to get more details on how to connect via SSH to a Raspberry Pi.
Once this is done, your SSH access to the Raspberry Pi is kept, with the X11 forwarding enabled.

Once in the console, you can launch a Raspberry application on your Windows computer with the nohup command:
nohup chromium-browser &

Replace chromium-browser with the app of your choice.

The application will then open on your computer.

Connect From Linux or MacOS

Using Linux or macOS, SSH access is almost the same.
You’ll use the ssh command from the terminal as the client.
You’ll have to install Xming (download it on Sourceforge) for the display window.

Except you have to log in to SSH by adding an extra parameter:
ssh -X [email protected]
Obviously, you should replace the command above with your Raspberry Pi IP address.

Connect From a Smartphone

I don’t think it’s possible to use this method from your phone (tell me if you know how).

I’ve already seen people starting an X server on Android to use an android app on their computer, but not the other way around.

3. VNC on Raspberry Pi OS

Fastest to set up and use for Raspberry Pi

VNC (Virtual Network Computing) is a system to share a graphical desktop, pretty similar to XRDP. The difference is that you connect to the current session directly, unlike XRDP which creates a new session.

There are many cross-platform VNC servers and clients available (RealVNC, TightVNC, TigerVNC, etc.).

VNC runs on port 5900.
You can NAT this port to make it available from the outside if needed, but it’s not the safest option, consider the next solution listed in this article.

Installation

Like SSH, a VNC server is already installed on Raspberry Pi OS, so we just need to enable it.
To do this, open the Raspberry Pi configuration tool, go to the “Interfaces” tab and check the “Enabled” box on the VNC line.

That’s it, the VNC server is installed and ready to use.

If you’re not using Raspberry Pi OS, you can still install TigerVNC server manually and use the same steps in the next sections.

Connect From Linux

On Linux, the easiest way I found was to install the TigerVNC client (in theory, you can also use Remmina for VNC, but it didn’t work for me).

You can find TigerVNC Viewer in the Ubuntu Software tool if you use Ubuntu:

And it’s available in the default repository on most Debian-based distributions:
sudo apt install tigervnc-viewer

But if necessary, you get the latest release from the official website, and install it manually.

Then the use of VNC is super simple, just indicate the IP of Raspberry Pi, the username and password, and you’ll be connected.

Connect From Windows and macOS

Installing TigerVNC on Windows or macOS is a bit more tricky, as you need to download the binaries from the Sourceforge website, which isn’t really intuitive.

I have a step-by-step installation guide in my article dedicated to VNC on Raspberry Pi. Click on the link to read more if this is a solution that suits you.

But once installed, it’s basically the same thing as on Linux:

4. TeamViewer

Best for external access

TeamViewer is a proprietary software very similar to VNC for remote desktop use but adds additional features, mostly business-oriented.
For example, TeamViewer facilitates remote access to a machine in another building/city over the Internet.

The easy thing about TeamViewer is that there’s no need to open a specific port for each computer as with previous solutions. By default, TeamViewer connects on port 5938 but can also use ports 80 and 443 if not opened (so it will work natively most of the time).

I’ll give you a brief introduction about TeamViewer here, but if you want to know more, please check my complete guide about TeamViewer by clicking here.

Installation

The installation is not obvious because even if it is mentioned in the documentation of a package for the ARM, it is not present in the Linux download links and there isn’t a Raspberry Pi category.

The download is done from this page. You should be able to open this page from your Raspberry Pi, download the correct version (32-bit or 64-bit) and then install it with the graphical tool.

But if needed, I’ll give you the installation procedure from a terminal, without having to go to their site:

• Get the ARM package for TeamViewer:
  wget https://download.teamviewer.com/download/linux/teamviewer-host_armhf.deb
• Install it:
  sudo dpkg -i teamviewer-host_armhf.deb
• You will get some dependencies errors, fix them by doing:
  sudo apt update
sudo apt -f install
• If you have a TeamViewer account (paid version), you can configure it by doing:
  sudo teamviewer setup
• Otherwise, you will need to set a password to connect, like this:
  sudo teamviewer passwd YOURPASSWORD
• And then you can just get the Raspberry Pi ID in this way:
  sudo teamviewer info
  

Quick note: If you find it hard to remember all these commands, I’ve put them all on a one-page cheat sheet. You can download it for free here so you have it handy whenever you're working on a project.

Connect From Linux

On Linux, start by downloading the TeamViewer client from the official website.

Then install it with your package manager or by doing something like:
sudo dpkg -i teamviewer_15.66.5_amd64.deb

Start the app via the Start menu or by typing “TeamViewer” in a terminal.
Log in if you have an account.
Then enter the TeamViewer ID from the Raspberry Pi in the Partner ID field and press enter.

It will ask you the password defined previously and connect to the Raspberry Pi in remote desktop.

Connect From Windows and macOS

For Windows and macOS users, it’s the same procedure as above, so I won’t repeat it.

Download TeamViewer, install it, and then enter ID & Password previously set.

Connect From a Smartphone

TeamViewer provides support for its software to Android, iPhone, Windows and Blackberry smartphones. It is, therefore, possible to use the app in the same way to get spontaneous support from anywhere.

5. NoMachine

Best for Linux users in general and for security

NoMachine is another remote desktop access tool that you can use with your RaspberryPi.
NoMachine is based on the NX protocol, which was created to improve the performance of the classic X display. Using it is very close to the experience you have with VNC.

If used behind a firewall, please note that NoMachine uses port 4000 for connections from the client.
It is possible to change the default ports in the administration tools of the NoMachine server.

Installation

NoMachine is provided for Raspberry Pi so that you can get the package corresponding to your environment on this page.
Currently, ARMv8 is only for 64-bit systems, so if you don’t have a 64-bit OS, download the ARMv7 version, even on a Pi 4/400.

Download it with your web browser and double-click on the downloaded file to install it.
Or you can do everything from a terminal with:
wget https://download.nomachine.com/download/9.0/Raspberry/nomachine_9.0.188_11_arm64.deb
sudo dpkg -i nomachine_9.0.188_11_arm64.deb
Replace the version number with the one you get.

Be patient as the installation may take a few minutes depending on your Raspberry Pi model.
Once complete, the NoMachine icon will appears in the upper-right corner.

Connect From Any OS

Once the installation is complete on the Raspberry Pi, you have to install it on your client computer as well.
Go back to the official site and download, this time, the version corresponding to your computer.

Install the downloaded file and launch NoMachine.
An assistant will start, then NoMachine will automatically detect your Raspberry Pi on the network.

You have to double click on the Raspberry Pi to connect.
It will ask you for your credentials (pi/raspberry or the password you have defined), and you will be logged in.

Connect From a Smartphone

NoMachine is also available for Android and iOS so that you can connect to your Raspberry Pi from anywhere.
I also made a video on how to use this solution with an iPad, you can watch it there.

Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFq4EsqpfaE

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Which Remote Desktop Solution Should I Choose?

So we learned to connect to the remote desktop in 5 ways:

• With the XRDP package that provides a Windows-like remote desktop.
• With SSH and X11 Forwarding that allows launching an app on the client computer (and not the entire desktop).
• With VNC that enables local access to the Raspberry Pi.
• With TeamViewer which allows for easy remote control over the internet.
• With NoMachine that allows local access more elegantly and quickly than VNC.

So, what’s best for you? I made a decision tree to help you decide:

In my opinion, VNC and NoMachine are my favorites, with a quick and clean display, without the heaviness of TeamViewer. It’s because I only need it on my local network, so it depends on your use case.

However, if you want cross-compatibility with Windows PCs or Macs, I might go with XRDP. You can get it from the app store on either platform.

But if you need to remote desktop to a Raspberry Pi from anywhere in the world outside your local network, it’s recommended to use TeamViewer. It uses a protocol that is safe and easy to set up (no port forwarding or firewall rules needed). It’s free for a personal use with a license.

The other options listed in this article can be set up for external access, but it’s more complicated and less secure overall. Here’s a great tutorial that will walk you through this: 3 Easy Ways to Access Your Pi Over the Internet Remotely.

Lastly, one alternative option we didn’t cover in this article is AnyDesk. I wrote a tutorial recently about it, you can click on the link to learn more about this tool.

Whenever you’re ready, here are other ways I can help you:

Test Your Raspberry Pi Level (Free): Not sure why everything takes so long on your Raspberry Pi? Take this free 3-minute assessment and see what’s causing the problems.

The RaspberryTips Community: Need help or want to discuss your Raspberry Pi projects with others who actually get it? Join the RaspberryTips Community and get access to private forums, exclusive lessons, and direct help.

Master your Raspberry Pi in 30 days: If you are looking for the best tips to become an expert on Raspberry Pi, this book is for you. Learn useful Linux skills and practice multiple projects with step-by-step guides.

Master Python on Raspberry Pi: Create, understand, and improve any Python script for your Raspberry Pi. Learn the essentials step-by-step without losing time understanding useless concepts.

You can also find all my recommendations for tools and hardware on this page.