{"id":7404,"date":"2020-09-21T19:29:11","date_gmt":"2020-09-21T17:29:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pythonprogramming.altervista.org\/?p=7404"},"modified":"2020-09-22T08:08:44","modified_gmt":"2020-09-22T06:08:44","slug":"pythons-decorators-with-arguments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pythonprogramming.altervista.org\/pythons-decorators-with-arguments\/","title":{"rendered":"Python&#8217;s decorators with arguments"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We have talked about decorators in python in this <a href=\"https:\/\/pythonprogramming.altervista.org\/python-decorators\/\">post<\/a>. Now we will see how to use arguments into the decorators.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Python's decorators part 2 - Adding arguments\" width=\"747\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tNVm46aAIYQ?feature=oembed&amp;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>This is an example<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true \">def dec(personal):\r\n    def features(fn):\r\n        def add_some_decorations(a, b):\r\n            res = fn(a, b)\r\n            print(personal)\r\n            print(fn.__doc__, f\"{fn.__name__}({a}, {b}) - Output: \" + str(res))\r\n            return res\r\n        return add_some_decorations\r\n    return features\r\n\r\n\r\n@dec(\"First function: Addition\")\r\ndef add(a, b):\r\n    \"Addition of 2 arguments\"\r\n    return a + b\r\n\r\n\r\n@dec(\"Second function: Subtraction\")\r\ndef sub(a, b):\r\n    \"Subtraction of 2 arguments\"\r\n    return a - b\r\n\r\n\r\nx = add(5, 2)\r\nprint(x)\r\n\r\nx = sub(1, 4)\r\nprint(x)\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>The output<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true \">First function: Addition\r\nAddition of 2 arguments add(5, 2) - Output: 7\r\n7\r\nSecond function: Subtraction\r\nSubtraction of 2 arguments sub(1, 4) - Output: -3\r\n-3<\/pre>\n<h2>Example nr. 2<\/h2>\n<p>A little more &#8220;sophisticated&#8221; usage of the decorator with more metadata of the functions using the decorators. In this case the decorator is used to explain what are the input and the output of the functions and how the function gets from the result.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true \">\r\ndef dec(operator=\"\"):\r\n    def features(fn):\r\n        def add_some_decorations(a, b):\r\n            res = fn(a, b)\r\n            print(\"\\n\")\r\n            print(f\"Function: {fn.__name__}({a}, {b})\")\r\n            print(\"Operator: \", operator)\r\n            print(fn.__doc__, \":\", f\"{a} and {b}\")\r\n            print(\"Return: \", end=\"\")\r\n            print(f\"{a} {operator} {b}\")\r\n            print(f\"Output: \" + str(res))\r\n            return res\r\n        return add_some_decorations\r\n    return features\r\n\r\n\r\n@dec(operator=\"+\")\r\ndef add(a, b):\r\n    \"Addition of 2 arguments\"\r\n    return a + b\r\n\r\n\r\n@dec(operator=\"-\")\r\ndef sub(a, b):\r\n    \"Subtraction of 2 arguments\"\r\n    return a - b\r\n\r\n\r\nx = add(5, 2)\r\n\r\nx = sub(1, 4)\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>The output:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true \">Function: add(5, 2)\r\nOperator:  +\r\nAddition of 2 arguments : 5 and 2\r\nReturn: 5 + 2\r\nOutput: 7\r\n\r\n\r\nFunction: sub(1, 4)\r\nOperator:  -\r\nSubtraction of 2 arguments : 1 and 4\r\nReturn: 1 - 4\r\nOutput: -3<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- se vuoi mettere un testo scorrevole\r\n[hoops name=\"typeWriterGen\"]\r\n\r\npoi metti un id diverso per ogni testo nella stessa pagina\r\n\r\n<div id=\"div01\">\r\n<script>\r\n\r\ntypeWriterGen(\"div01\",\"Esempio di testo scorrevole\");\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n-->\r\n<style>\r\n.avatar {\r\n  vertical-align: middle;\r\n  width: 100px;\r\n  height: 100px;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<hr>\r\n\r\n<!-- NEWSLETTER LINK -->\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/forms\/d\/e\/1FAIpQLSf7TniIPCWHDzCSGh2dYZaCwDvi9yLKS5ovFdKuK1sdfOvwEg\/viewform\">\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pythonprogramming.altervista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-13.png\" class=\"avatar\">\r\nSubscribe to the <b>newsletter<\/b> for updates<\/a><br>\r\n\r\n<!-- TKINTER TEMPLATE LINK -->\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pythonprogramming.altervista.org\/tkinter-templates\/\">\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pythonprogramming.altervista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-26.png\" class=\"avatar\">\r\nTkinter templates<\/a><br>\r\n\r\n<!-- MY AVATAR PUT A LINK TO YOUTUBE CHANNEL-->\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/itch.io\/embed\/711828\" width=\"552\" height=\"167\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pythonprogrammi.itch.io\/pysnake\">PySnake by PythonProgrammi<\/a><\/iframe>\r\n<br>\r\n<style>\r\n.avatar {\r\n  vertical-align: middle;\r\n  width: 100px;\r\n  height: 100px;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCzbxq5e9gLiY-je2-br1rvg\">\r\n\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pythonprogramming.altervista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/avatar64x64.png\" alt=\"Avatar\" class=\"avatar\">\r\n\t My youtube channel<\/a><br>\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nTwitter: <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/pythonprogrammi\">@pythonprogrammi - python_pygame<\/a>\r\n<h3>Claude's Games<\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pythonprogramming.altervista.org\/random-daily-game-1-arkanoid\/\">Arkanoid<\/a><br>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pythonprogramming.altervista.org\/platform-2d-with-pygame-made-with-claude\/\">Platform 2d<\/a><\/p> <!-- videogames made with claude -->\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pythonprogramming.altervista.org\/artifacts-games-day-1-memory-game\/\">1. 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