{"id":3594,"date":"2022-10-08T10:13:54","date_gmt":"2022-10-08T04:43:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nolowiz.com\/?p=3594"},"modified":"2022-10-08T12:52:52","modified_gmt":"2022-10-08T07:22:52","slug":"cppfront-a-new-syntax-for-cpp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nolowiz.com\/cppfront-a-new-syntax-for-cpp\/","title":{"rendered":"Cppfront &#8211; A new Syntax for CPP"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>C++ is a good programming language, it is used in performance-critical areas like gaming, multimedia processing, etc but some parts of CPP language syntax are still old-style (cpp1). Cppfront is an experimental compiler for C++ syntax2 (cpp2) by &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hsutter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Herb Sutter<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>My goal is to explore whether there&#8217;s a way we can evolve C++ itself to become 10x simpler, safer, and more toolable. If we had an alternate C++ syntax, it would give us a &#8220;bubble of new code that doesn&#8217;t exist today&#8221; where we could make arbitrary improvements (e.g., change defaults, remove unsafe parts, make the language context-free and order-independent, and generally apply 30 years&#8217; worth of learnings), free of backward source compatibility constraints.<\/p><cite>-Herb Sutter<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-2735334721002354\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\n<!-- article-horizontal -->\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2735334721002354\" data-ad-slot=\"8835878737\" data-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Cppfront we have two options :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><em>Write mixed Cpp1\/Cpp2 in the same source file<\/em>&nbsp;with perfect backward source compatibility via&nbsp;<code>#include<\/code>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<code>import<\/code><\/li><li><em>Write only Cpp2 in a particular source file<\/em>&nbsp;and program in a 10x simpler C++, where code is type-safe and memory-safe by construction, keeps perfect backward link compatibility via&nbsp;<code>import<\/code>, and in the future (if Cppfront succeeds) with faster compilers and better tools tuned for the simpler language.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Herb Sutter suggests it would be nice to have the following features in C++ <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-798bef78-a68c-4675-aac2-820cf134aca5\"><li>less complexity to remember;<\/li><li>with fewer safety gotchas; and<\/li><li>the same level of tool support that other languages enjoy.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>CPP2 syntax focus on the following areas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>fix defaults (e.g., make [[nodiscard]] the default);<\/li><li>double down on modern C++ (e.g., make C++20 modules and C++23 import std; the default);<\/li><li>remove unsafe parts (e.g., remove union and pointer arithmetic);<\/li><li>have type and memory safety by default (e.g., make the C++ Core Guidelines safety profiles the default and required);<\/li><li>eliminate 90% of the guidance we have to teach about today&#8217;s complex language;<\/li><li>make it easy to write a parser (e.g., have context-free grammar); and<\/li><li>make it easy to write refactoring and other tools (e.g., have order-independent semantics)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s try Cppfront.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Build Cppfront compiler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I used Ubuntu 22.04 first we need to install g++-10 <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nsudo apt-get update\nsudo apt install g++-10\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Next clone the Cppfront repository.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ngit clone https:\/\/github.com\/hsutter\/cppfront.git\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Enter into the &#8220;sources&#8221; directory and run the following command to build Cppfront:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ng++-10 cppfront.cpp -std=c++20 -o cppfront\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>It will build the Cppfront executable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Write some CPP2 code, build and run<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s write a hello world program using CPP2 syntax.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Open your favorite text editor and write the following code :<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: cpp; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nmain: () -&gt; int = {\n std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Hello world CPP2\\n&quot;; \n}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Save it as helloworld.cpp2, then run:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ncppfront helloworld.cpp2\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"585\" height=\"68\" src=\"https:\/\/nolowiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/cppfront-compile.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3608\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nolowiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/cppfront-compile.png 585w, https:\/\/nolowiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/cppfront-compile-300x35.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>It will produce a helloworld.cpp file now we can compile it using the following command(Please note that we need to include cpp2util.h&#8217;s path ):<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ng++-10 helloworld.cpp -std=c++20 -I\/home\/rupesh\/cppfront\/include -o helloworldapp\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Now run .\/helloworld it will print &#8220;Hello world CPP2&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"473\" height=\"43\" src=\"https:\/\/nolowiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/cppfront_output.png\" alt=\"Hello world cpp2 output\" class=\"wp-image-3613\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nolowiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/cppfront_output.png 473w, https:\/\/nolowiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/cppfront_output-300x27.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-2735334721002354\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\n<!-- article-horizontal -->\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-2735334721002354\" data-ad-slot=\"8835878737\" data-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One more example in pure cpp2<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: cpp; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nmain: () -&gt; int = {\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Hello &quot; &lt;&lt; name() &lt;&lt; &quot;\\n&quot;;\n}\n\nname: () -&gt; std::string = {\n    s: std::string = &quot;NoloWiz&quot;;\n    decorate(s);\n    return s;\n}\n\ndecorate: (inout s: std::string) = {\n    s = &quot;&#91;&quot; + s + &quot;]&quot;;\n}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Compile and run :<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n.\/cppfront greetings.cpp2 -p\ng++-10 greetings.cpp -std=c++20 -I\/home\/rupesh\/cppfront\/include -o greetings\n.\/greetings\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"431\" height=\"61\" src=\"https:\/\/nolowiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/cpp2_output.png\" alt=\"CPP 2 output\" class=\"wp-image-3618\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nolowiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/cpp2_output.png 431w, https:\/\/nolowiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/cpp2_output-300x42.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 431px) 100vw, 431px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>More examples are available <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hsutter\/cppfront\/tree\/main\/regression-tests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Can C++ be 10x Simpler &amp; Safer?  - Herb Sutter - CppCon 2022\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ELeZAKCN4tY?start=412&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C++ is a good programming language, it is used in performance-critical areas like gaming, multimedia processing, etc but some parts of CPP language syntax are still old-style (cpp1). Cppfront is an experimental compiler for C++ syntax2 (cpp2) by &nbsp;Herb Sutter. My goal is to explore whether there&#8217;s a way we can evolve C++ itself to &#8230; <a title=\"Cppfront &#8211; A new Syntax for CPP\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/nolowiz.com\/cppfront-a-new-syntax-for-cpp\/\" aria-label=\"More on Cppfront &#8211; A new Syntax for CPP\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3620,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cppfront - A new Syntax for CPP - NoloWiz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cppfront is an experimental compiler for C++ syntax2 (cpp2) by \u00a0Herb Sutter. 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