About Multiplier
-The Multiplier App automates calculations to predict mature height and bone length in children. This method was created originally in Baltimore at the University of Maryland, and subsequently developed at the...
-The Multiplier App automates calculations to predict mature height and bone length in children. This method was created originally in Baltimore at the University of Maryland, and subsequently developed at the International Center for Limb Lengthening (ICLL), Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics (RIAO), Sinai Hospital of Baltimore. -We have taught the Multiplier Method for more than 19 years at our annual Baltimore Limb Deformity Course (www.DeformityCourse.com). These calculations are typically performed by hand, using various formulae. Certain calculations are easy, but others involve more complicated formulae. Utilizing this app will reduce the time needed for these routine calculations and decrease errors. You need only input certain data (sex, age, length) and the app will calculate the answer by using the appropriate Multiplier formula. The Multiplier App will allow you to make the following calculations: . Lower Extremity - Limb Length Discrepancy (LLD) (Congenital) - LLD (Developmental) - Growth Remaining - Bone Length - Timing of Angular Correction - Timing of Epiphysiodesis - Comprehensive (Congenital) LLD and Epiphysiodesis -Scanogram Calculations (calculates femur/tibia lengths, overall limb length discrepancy, and amount/side of femur/tibia discrepancies) . Upper Extremity - LLD (Congenital) - LLD (Developmental) - Growth Remaining - Bone Length . Height and CDC Growth Charts (calculates height at maturity, calculates height at every age, and plots the patient’s height and weight on the CDC growth charts) . Achondroplasia - Height - Sitting Height - Leg Length . Fetus (calculates the length of tibia or femur at birth and maturity) . Foot - Foot Length - Foot Length Discrepancy . Spine (calculates sitting height at maturity) . Oblique Plane Deformity (calculates magnitude, orientation, and direction of an oblique plane deformity) . Inclined Osteotomy (calculates the rotational orientation and the vertical inclination of the osteotomy) This app also provides the following additional resources: -Bone Age: Elbow and Hand (shows how to determine skeletal age by using radiographs of the elbow or hand) -Figures that show the standard measurements for the lower limb and foot -The multiplier formulae that the app uses to perform the calculations -Tables that show the multiplier values that are used in the formulae -Figures that show the Solomin Foot Analysis (deformity correction planning for the midfoot, hindfoot, and ankle using reference lines and angles provided by Dr. Leonid Solomin) -Figures that show the development of the apophyses, epiphyses, and bones -Bibliography -User guide Disclaimer: No growth prediction method is 100% accurate; this App is not a substitute for sound and careful clinical judgment. Privacy Policy: We respect the privacy of the people who use International Center for Limb Lengthening apps. The Multiplier app does not collect, use or distribute any data from the users.
Version History performance improvement. keyboard bug fixed for the UK. 8.0.1 05/11/2024 Exciting Updates: We’ve introduced new features for the Ilizarov treatment, located in Additional Resources. These include comprehensive calculators for both the Ilizarov hinge orientation along with a nut turning prescription after the Ilizarov frame has been applied. A new calculator interface has been added for iPad users in place of the QWERTY keyboard. Several bugs affecting calculations throughout the app have been resolved, ensuring more accurate results. We're committed to continuously improving our app to better serve your needs. Thank you for using the Multiplier app! 8.0 04/17/2024 We added “Scanogram Calculations” under “Lower Extremity.” After entering the scanogram measurements, the screen will calculate the lengths of the individual femora and tibiae as well as the overall discrepancy for the limbs (using the femoral and tibial discrepancies). It will also provide the amount of each tibial and femoral discrepancy and whether each discrepancy is present on the right side or the left side. Under “Additional Resources,” we have added a new section called “Solomin Foot Analysis” that shows deformity correction planning for the midfoot, hindfoot, and ankle using reference lines and angles provided by Dr. Leonid Solomin. We improved the formatting of the data entry screens to reduce errors when inputting data. For example, units of length (cm or inches) no longer have a default unit selected; the user must choose the unit of length. We improved the formatting of the results screens to reduce errors in interpreting data. The Multiplier has been upgraded to support the latest iOS and improve its performance. 7.0 08/12/2019 We have corrected an issue with a data entry screen. 6.3.1 11/02/2018 The Multiplier has been upgraded to support the latest iOS and improve its performance. We changed the formatting of several results screens to make them easier to read and understand. We revised the content and improved the formatting of many of the help menus. We updated the bibliography that is located in the Additional Resources section and included links to each article’s abstract on PubMed. 6.3 08/09/2018 We changed the formatting of several results screens to make them easier to read and understand. If you decide to e-mail the results of the calculations, we have improved the content and the formatting of these e-mails. The Additional Resources section now includes the latest illustrations for the normal angles and measurements of the foot. We revised the content and improved the formatting of many of the help menus. We added a new article to the bibliography list that is located in the Additional Resources section. This 2016 article is a research study that was published in the Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics that evaluates the use of the Multiplier App to predict growth and epiphysiodesis. The app is now optimized for iOS 10. 6.0 01/03/2017 In the “Height and CDC Growth Charts” section, we have added the ability to plot a child’s height and weight on the CDC growth charts. The charts contain percentile curves that use age and gender-specific information to show the distribution of body measurements in U.S. children. Under “Additional Resources,” we have added new illustrations that show how to use a radiograph of the left hand to determine the bone age (skeletal age) of a child. Unlike other methods of determining bone age that use multiple criteria, the shorthand bone age (SBA) method uses one criterion for each age (see Heyworth et al. The shorthand bone age assessment: a simpler alternative to current methods. J Pediatr Orthop. 2013;33(5):569-74.). Under “Additional Resources,” we added new images to the “Standard Measurements” section and improved the way these images are displayed. We have also optimized the app so that it is compatible with iOS 8 as well as the latest iPhones and iPads. 5.0 08/11/2015 We have improved The Multiplier App to reduce errors during data entry. In previous versions of the app, a default sex ("male") was pre-selected on each data entry screen. We observed that some users did not verify that the default sex was correct before pressing the calculate button. In this new version, no default sex is selected. If users fail to enter male/female for sex, an error message will appear that prompts them to select male or female. In the Fetus section, the error message prompts the user to select "male, female, or unknown." 3.5 01/30/2014 Changes in Version 3.0: - Support for the iPhone 5 display - Improved interface - Added active button "Multiplier" on Main Menu screen, which opens a "Links and Contact Us Page" - Improved content in the User Guide 3.0 08/07/2013 Changes in Version 2.5: - Support for the iPhone 5 display - Improved interface - Added active button "Multiplier" on Main Menu screen, which opens a "Links and Contact Us Page" - Improved content in the User Guide 2.5 08/02/2013 This Multiplier App update enhances the user experience by providing additional calculations and capabilities. The Multiplier can now email calculations/results. For many of the common calculations, the Multiplier now has the option to give not only lengths at maturity, but also lengths at every year until maturity. New and more versatile calculations improve the app’s functionality. Limb length discrepancy has been updated to allow for prior lengthening(s). This version introduces inclined osteotomy calculations as well as the oblique plane deformity calculations under additional resources. The help menus have been updated to provide explanations of figures and abbreviations. List of Changes: 1) Email add-on 2) LLD (congenital) now allows prior lengthening(s) 3) Calculations may be displayed for every age (not just maturity) a) Lower Extremity LLD (congenital) b) Lower Extremity Bone Length c) Upper Extremity LLD (congenital) d) Upper Extremity Bone Length e) Height f) Foot Length 4) Lower Extremity a) Comprehensive (congenital) LLD /Epiphysiodesis b) Timing of Angular Correction of Entire Leg (femur + tibia) c) Timing of staple removal for angular correction now displayed in results 5) Additional Resources a) Inclined Osteotomy Rotation Angle b) Oblique Plane Deformity 6) Help Menus Updated This Multiplier App update streamlines the user experience. Figures and additional resources have been reformatted to maximize readability and ease of use. The data input keyboard has larger keys. Extraneous keys have been deleted. More help menus have been added to provide explanations of the figures and clarify abbreviations. Buttons and toggles are clearer. New multiplier tables are included. The interpolated values are more accurate. List of Changes: 1) Icon change for the upper limb 2) Figures/Tables Updated Include: a) Standard Measurements of the Lower Limb and Foot i) Lower Limb: Frontal/Sagittal ii) Foot: AP Measurements iii) Foot: Lateral Measurements iv) Foot: Axial Measurements b) Multiplier Tables i) Prenatal: At Birth ii) Prenatal: At Maturity iii) Lower Limb iv) Upper Limb v) Height vi) Spine vii) Foot Length c) Multiplier Formulae i) Limb Length Discrepancy and Bone Length Formulae ii) Timing of Epiphysiodesis iii) Sitting Height Formulae d) Elbow Scoring System to Determine Skeletal Age i) Step 1: Radiographic Scoring ii) Step 2: Chart for Determining Skeletal Age e) Development of Apophyses, Epiphyses, and Bones 3) Change to Male/Female selection input 4) Change to In/Cm toggle button 5) Input Keypad Changed 6) Correction of minor errors 2.0 09/04/2012 This Multipler App update streamlines the user experience. Figures and additional resources have been reformatted to maximize readability and ease of use. The data input keyboard has larger keys. Extraneous keys have been deleted. More help menus have been added to provide explanations of the figures and clarify abbreviations. Buttons and toggles are clearer. New multiplier tables are included. The interpolated values are more accurate. List of Changes: 1) Icon change for the upper limb 2) Figures/Tables Updated Include: a) Standard Measurements of the Lower Limb and Foot i) Lower Limb: Frontal/Sagittal ii) Foot: AP Measurements iii) Foot: Lateral Measurements iv) Foot: Axial Measurements b) Multiplier Tables i) Prenatal: At Birth ii) Prenatal: At Maturity iii) Lower Limb iv) Upper Limb v) Height vi) Spine vii) Foot Length c) Multiplier Formulae i) Limb Length Discrepancy and Bone Length Formulae ii) Timing of Epiphysiodesis iii) Sitting Height Formulae d) Elbow Scoring System to Determine Skeletal Age i) Step 1: Radiographic Scoring ii) Step 2: Chart for Determining Skeletal Age e) Development of Apophyses, Epiphyses, and Bones 3) Change to Male/Female selection input 4) Change to In/Cm toggle button 5) Input Keypad Changed 6) Correction of minor errors 1.5 02/04/2012 Updated User Guide. 1.2 09/20/2011 Updated User Guide. 1.1 09/09/2011 1.0 09/02/2011
Previous Versions
Here you can find the changelog of Multiplier since it was posted on our website on 2019-10-21 07:10:13.
The latest version is 8.0.1 and it was updated on 2026-06-25 00:00:04. See below the changes in each version.
Multiplier version 8.0.1
Updated At: 2026-06-03
Changes: Version History performance improvement.
keyboard bug fixed for the UK. 8.0.1 05/11/2024 Exciting Updates:
We’ve introduced new features for the Ilizarov treatment, located in Additional Resources.
These include comprehensive calculators for both the Ilizarov hinge orientation along with a nut turning prescription after the Ilizarov frame has been applied.
A new calculator interface has been added for iPad users in place of the QWERTY keyboard.
Several bugs affecting calculations throughout the app have been resolved, ensuring more accurate results.
We're committed to continuously improving our app to better serve your needs. Thank you for using the Multiplier app! 8.0 04/17/2024 We added “Scanogram Calculations” under “Lower Extremity.” After entering the scanogram measurements, the screen will calculate the lengths of the individual femora and tibiae as well as the overall discrepancy for the limbs (using the femoral and tibial discrepancies). It will also provide the amount of each tibial and femoral discrepancy and whether each discrepancy is present on the right side or the left side. Under “Additional Resources,” we have added a new section called “Solomin Foot Analysis” that shows deformity correction planning for the midfoot, hindfoot, and ankle using reference lines and angles provided by Dr. Leonid Solomin. We improved the formatting of the data entry screens to reduce errors when inputting data. For example, units of length (cm or inches) no longer have a default unit selected; the user must choose the unit of length. We improved the formatting of the results screens to reduce errors in interpreting data. The Multiplier has been upgraded to support the latest iOS and improve its performance. 7.0 08/12/2019 We have corrected an issue with a data entry screen. 6.3.1 11/02/2018 The Multiplier has been upgraded to support the latest iOS and improve its performance.
We changed the formatting of several results screens to make them easier to read and understand. We revised the content and improved the formatting of many of the help menus. We updated the bibliography that is located in the Additional Resources section and included links to each article’s abstract on PubMed. 6.3 08/09/2018 We changed the formatting of several results screens to make them easier to read and understand. If you decide to e-mail the results of the calculations, we have improved the content and the formatting of these e-mails. The Additional Resources section now includes the latest illustrations for the normal angles and measurements of the foot. We revised the content and improved the formatting of many of the help menus. We added a new article to the bibliography list that is located in the Additional Resources section. This 2016 article is a research study that was published in the Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics that evaluates the use of the Multiplier App to predict growth and epiphysiodesis. The app is now optimized for iOS 10. 6.0 01/03/2017 In the “Height and CDC Growth Charts” section, we have added the ability to plot a child’s height and weight on the CDC growth charts. The charts contain percentile curves that use age and gender-specific information to show the distribution of body measurements in U.S. children. Under “Additional Resources,” we have added new illustrations that show how to use a radiograph of the left hand to determine the bone age (skeletal age) of a child. Unlike other methods of determining bone age that use multiple criteria, the shorthand bone age (SBA) method uses one criterion for each age (see Heyworth et al. The shorthand bone age assessment: a simpler alternative to current methods. J Pediatr Orthop. 2013;33(5):569-74.). Under “Additional Resources,” we added new images to the “Standard Measurements” section and improved the way these images are displayed. We have also optimized the app so that it is compatible with iOS 8 as well as the latest iPhones and iPads. 5.0 08/11/2015 We have improved The Multiplier App to reduce errors during data entry. In previous versions of the app, a default sex ("male") was pre-selected on each data entry screen. We observed that some users did not verify that the default sex was correct before pressing the calculate button. In this new version, no default sex is selected. If users fail to enter male/female for sex, an error message will appear that prompts them to select male or female. In the Fetus section, the error message prompts the user to select "male, female, or unknown." 3.5 01/30/2014 Changes in Version 3.0:
- Support for the iPhone 5 display
- Improved interface
- Added active button "Multiplier" on Main Menu screen, which opens a "Links and Contact Us Page"
- Improved content in the User Guide 3.0 08/07/2013 Changes in Version 2.5:
- Support for the iPhone 5 display
- Improved interface
- Added active button "Multiplier" on Main Menu screen, which opens a "Links and Contact Us Page"
- Improved content in the User Guide 2.5 08/02/2013 This Multiplier App update enhances the user experience by providing additional calculations and capabilities. The Multiplier can now email calculations/results. For many of the common calculations, the Multiplier now has the option to give not only lengths at maturity, but also lengths at every year until maturity. New and more versatile calculations improve the app’s functionality. Limb length discrepancy has been updated to allow for prior lengthening(s). This version introduces inclined osteotomy calculations as well as the oblique plane deformity calculations under additional resources. The help menus have been updated to provide explanations of figures and abbreviations.
List of Changes:
1) Email add-on
2) LLD (congenital) now allows prior lengthening(s)
3) Calculations may be displayed for every age (not just maturity)
a) Lower Extremity LLD (congenital)
b) Lower Extremity Bone Length
c) Upper Extremity LLD (congenital)
d) Upper Extremity Bone Length
e) Height
f) Foot Length
4) Lower Extremity
a) Comprehensive (congenital) LLD /Epiphysiodesis
b) Timing of Angular Correction of Entire Leg (femur + tibia)
c) Timing of staple removal for angular correction now displayed in results
5) Additional Resources
a) Inclined Osteotomy Rotation Angle
b) Oblique Plane Deformity
6) Help Menus Updated
This Multiplier App update streamlines the user experience. Figures and additional resources have been reformatted to maximize readability and ease of use. The data input keyboard has larger keys. Extraneous keys have been deleted. More help menus have been added to provide explanations of the figures and clarify abbreviations. Buttons and toggles are clearer. New multiplier tables are included. The interpolated values are more accurate.
List of Changes:
1) Icon change for the upper limb
2) Figures/Tables Updated Include:
a) Standard Measurements of the Lower Limb and Foot
i) Lower Limb: Frontal/Sagittal
ii) Foot: AP Measurements
iii) Foot: Lateral Measurements
iv) Foot: Axial Measurements
b) Multiplier Tables
i) Prenatal: At Birth
ii) Prenatal: At Maturity
iii) Lower Limb
iv) Upper Limb
v) Height
vi) Spine
vii) Foot Length
c) Multiplier Formulae
i) Limb Length Discrepancy and Bone Length Formulae
ii) Timing of Epiphysiodesis
iii) Sitting Height Formulae
d) Elbow Scoring System to Determine Skeletal Age
i) Step 1: Radiographic Scoring
ii) Step 2: Chart for Determining Skeletal Age
e) Development of Apophyses, Epiphyses, and Bones
3) Change to Male/Female selection input
4) Change to In/Cm toggle button
5) Input Keypad Changed
6) Correction of minor errors 2.0 09/04/2012 This Multipler App update streamlines the user experience. Figures and additional resources have been reformatted to maximize readability and ease of use. The data input keyboard has larger keys. Extraneous keys have been deleted. More help menus have been added to provide explanations of the figures and clarify abbreviations. Buttons and toggles are clearer. New multiplier tables are included. The interpolated values are more accurate.
List of Changes:
1) Icon change for the upper limb
2) Figures/Tables Updated Include:
a) Standard Measurements of the Lower Limb and Foot
i) Lower Limb: Frontal/Sagittal
ii) Foot: AP Measurements
iii) Foot: Lateral Measurements
iv) Foot: Axial Measurements
b) Multiplier Tables
i) Prenatal: At Birth
ii) Prenatal: At Maturity
iii) Lower Limb
iv) Upper Limb
v) Height
vi) Spine
vii) Foot Length
c) Multiplier Formulae
i) Limb Length Discrepancy and Bone Length Formulae
ii) Timing of Epiphysiodesis
iii) Sitting Height Formulae
d) Elbow Scoring System to Determine Skeletal Age
i) Step 1: Radiographic Scoring
ii) Step 2: Chart for Determining Skeletal Age
e) Development of Apophyses, Epiphyses, and Bones
3) Change to Male/Female selection input
4) Change to In/Cm toggle button
5) Input Keypad Changed
6) Correction of minor errors 1.5 02/04/2012 Updated User Guide. 1.2 09/20/2011 Updated User Guide. 1.1 09/09/2011 1.0 09/02/2011
Multiplier version 8.0.1
Updated At: 2024-05-11
Changes: May 11, 2024
Version 8.0.1
performance improvement.
keyboard bug fixed for the UK.
Multiplier version 8.0.1
Updated At: 2024-05-11
Changes: performance improvement.
keyboard bug fixed for the UK.
Multiplier version 8.0
Updated At: 2024-04-17
Changes: Apr 17, 2024
Version 8.0
Exciting Updates:
We’ve introduced new features for the Ilizarov treatment, located in Additional Resources.
These include comprehensive calculators for both the Ilizarov hinge orientation along with a nut turning prescription after the Ilizarov frame has been applied.
A new calculator interface has been added for iPad users in place of the QWERTY keyboard.
Several bugs affecting calculations throughout the app have been resolved, ensuring more accurate results.
We're committed to continuously improving our app to better serve your needs. Thank you for using the Multiplier app!
Multiplier version 7.0
Updated At: 2019-08-12
Changes: Aug 12, 2019
Version 7.0
We added “Scanogram Calculations” under “Lower Extremity.” After entering the scanogram measurements, the screen will calculate the lengths of the individual femora and tibiae as well as the overall discrepancy for the limbs (using the femoral and tibial discrepancies). It will also provide the amount of each tibial and femoral discrepancy and whether each discrepancy is present on the right side or the left side. Under “Additional Resources,” we have added a new section called “Solomin Foot Analysis” that shows deformity correction planning for the midfoot, hindfoot, and ankle using reference lines and angles provided by Dr. Leonid Solomin. We improved the formatting of the data entry screens to reduce errors when inputting data. For example, units of length (cm or inches) no longer have a default unit selected; the user must choose the unit of length. We improved the formatting of the results screens to reduce errors in interpreting data. The Multiplier has been upgraded to support the latest iOS and improve its performance.
Multiplier version 5.0
Updated At: 2011-09-02
Disclaimer
Official App Store Link
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