Ama-algorithms Zisetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi kunemibono eminingi kuye ngokuthi zixoxwa ngani.Kulokhu, uhlobo lwe-algorithm esikhulume ngalo lusezingeni le- ITUkuze sinikeze isingeniso esifushane, sizokutshela ukuthi yinto evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, ngisho nangaphambi kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo.
Ingxenye yosizo lwayo ivela eqinisweni lokuthi Yindlela elula yokwenza eyodwa uhlelongoba kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda ngokubona. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, Sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda, ngoba lokhu okuthunyelwe kuqukethe izinto ezinhle kakhulu kuwe.
Lapha uzothola, kusukela Iyini i-algorithm? kanye nezici zayo ezivame kakhulu ukuze sikwazi ukuyihlukanisa kunoma iyiphi enye indlela yokuhlela ikhompyutha, okuhlanganisa izingxenye zayo kanye izinhlobo ezikhona namuhla.
Iyini i-algorithm futhi isetshenziselwani kwisayensi yamakhompyutha?
I-Los Ama-algorithm ayimigqa yemiyaleloZifana nomhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo wezinto okudingeka zenziwe, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile Singaziqhathanisa nezilimi zokuhlelaNgenxa yabo, izinqubo eziningi zingenziwa ngempumelelo, ngisho nangokulandela umyalo we- impendulo kwezinye izimo.
Ukwakheka kwayo Kuhilela isethi yezinyathelo ezihlelekile nezilinganiselweokuvumela ukuxazulula izinkinga, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukwenza izinqumo.
Ama-algorithm amelwe kumashadi okugeleza, lapho isimo ngasinye sinophawu oluthile. Umsebenzi wawo, ngamafuphi, uku... amanye amalungiselelo okuhlela ngaphambilini. Kubhekwa futhi njengohlobo lohlaka lwezinhlelo, njengoba akubandakanyi izilimikodwa lokho esikufunayo kwenziwe ngokulandelana okufanele.
Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko ze-algorithm yekhompyutha?
Ama-algorithms Ziwusizo kakhulu futhi zihlangabezana nezici ezilandelayo:
- Kuyadingeka ukukhombisa kuzo uhlelo okufanele kwenziwe ngalo izenzoOkusho ukuthi, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
- KuchaziweNgamanye amazwi, akunandaba ukuthi i-algorithm ilandelwa kangaki, ngoba umphumela uzoba ofanayo.
- Akufanele kube ama-algorithms angenamkhawulo, kumelwe zibe nezinqunyelwe, njengoba inesiqalo nesiphetho semisebenzi.
- Kumelwe kube njalo okufundekayo ngangokunokwenzekangoba yilona elizosenza sikwazi ukuliqonda futhi silifunde kalula ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Ama-algorithm achazwa ngezigaba ezintathu: umnyango, pinqubo, sPhuma
Singasebenzisa njengesibonelo, incwadi yokupheka echaza:
- Ukungena: Izithako nezitsha
- Izinqubo: Ukulungiselela iresiphi ekhishini
- Ukuhamba: Ukuqeda isidlo
Yiziphi izingxenye ze-algorithm yekhompyutha?
Ukuze kucace kakhudlwana ngezingxenye ze-algorithm, Sishiya okulandelayo:
- Ukungena: Okokufaka kwaziwa ngokuthi lonke ulwazi olunikezwa yi-algorithm, okungukuthi, wonke lawo manani azosebenza ngawo.
- Inqubo: Lezi yizo zonke izibalo esizidingayo, ukuze sikwazi ukuqala kusukela kudatha esiyibiza ngokuthi i-input, kuze kube yilapho sifinyelela ukuthola umphumela olindelekile.
- Ukuhamba: Kwaziwa ngokuthi ukuphuma, kuyo yonke imiphumela yokugcina okutholwe ngenqubo.
Izinhlobo zama-algorithms: Zihlukaniswa kanjani?
Ama-algorithm ahlukaniswa ngokwezinhlobo, njengokuthi Sibabonisa ngezansi:
Ama-algorithms wekhompyutha
Lezi yizinhlobo zama-algorithms asisombululo sawo sincike ngokuphelele ekubalweni, futhi athuthukiswa kusetshenziswa i-calculator noma ikhompyutha. ngaphandle kwenkinga.
Ama-algorithms angewona awekhompyutha
Kuyi-algorithm engadingi inqubo yekhompyutha ukuxazulula izinyathelo noma izinkinga, okuyizinyathelo zayo zokuxazulula Zifundiswa ngumuntu.
I-algorithm yekhwalithi
Yi-algorithm evumela isixazululo ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwezibalo zezinombolokodwa ngokulandelana okunengqondo kanye/noma okusemthethweni.
Ama-algorithms ezibalo
Kuphambene ngokuphelele ne-algorithm esiyibonisile ngaphambili, ngoba kuncike izibalo zezibalo ukunikeza isinqumo.
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokuveza i-algorithm?
Ezindleleni eziningi ama-algorithms angavezwa ngazo, singathola ulimi lwemvelo, i-pseudocode, amashadi okugeleza, kanye nezilimi zokuhlela, kodwa lezi akuzona zodwa, ngoba kusenezinye. Nakuba izilimi zemvelo Ziyimfihlakalo futhi zibanzi.
Ukuze kugwenywe ezinye izimo ezingaqondakali, kusetshenziswa ama-pseudocode nama-flowchart, ukuze kube lula ukuwachaza. Ngalezi zinkulumo sethula ukuthi ama-algorithms anjani nokuthi isakhiwo sawo siyini, okuhlanganisa nolimi oluthile lokuhlela.
Ama-algorithm asebenzisa ulimi lokuhlela oluhlukaniswe kanje:
- Incazelo yezinga eliphezulu: Yilapho izinkinga zichazwa khona, bese kukhethwa imodeli yezibalo bese kuchazwa i-algorithm ngomlomo, yize eminye ifaka imifanekiso…
- Izincazelo ezisemthethweni: Yilapho-ke ama-pseudocode angena khona, awusizo ekuchazeni ukulandelana kwesinyathelo ngasinye okufanele silandelwe ukuze kutholakale ikhambi.
- Ukuqaliswa: Ama-algorithm aboniswa ngezilimi ezithile zokuhlela noma ngento ethile, ekwazi ngokugcwele ukufeza uchungechunge lwemiyalelo noma izinyathelo.
Ukuze sibonise ukuthi ama-algorithms alungile, kumele sifake i-theorem, esivumela ukuthi sinikeze umbono kuye ngomphumela wocwaningo esilwenzayo.
Ulimi lwemvelo
Lezi yizilimi ezivela ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphakathi kweqembu lezikhulumi ngenhloso yokuxhumana, okuhluke ngokuphelele kwezinye izilimi. Izilimi ezinjalo zingakhiwa, noma zibe izilimi ezisemthethweni noma ezilula zokuhlela ezisetshenziselwa ukutadisha. ye-logic ehlelekile.
Ama-algorithms abhaliwe anesici esiyinhloko sokulandela inqubo yokwenza izenzo ezivamile nezinengqondo, kuze kube yilapho inkinga ethile ixazululiwe.
Izithiyo ezikhona Singaveza okulandelayo lapho sidala i-algorithm enolimi:
- Ukungacaci
- Okungeyona inyuvesi
- Ububanzi bayo, okudala amaphutha amaningi.
i-pseudocode
Yilokho okwenza lokho incazelo ephezulu yama-algorithmsesingayisebenzisa ukwenza ingxube yezilimi zemvelo, kanye nemithetho ethile yokubhala eqondene nolimi ngokwalo, njengezabelo, ama-loop kanye neminye imibandela, yize ingekho ezingeni elijwayelekile.
Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa chaza ama-algorithm ezincwadini noma ezincwadini zesayensiFuthi kungumkhiqizo ophakathi ekuthuthukisweni kwe-algorithm. Lokhu kunikeza inzuzo enkulu ngaphezu kwama-algorithm, njengoba echazwe ku-pseudocode, edinga isikhala esincane sokugcina.
Yenzelwe ukwenza kube lula ngabantu ukuqonda ama-algorithms; ngakolunye uhlangothi, singashiya imininingwane ethile engabalulekile ewusizo kakhulu kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ikhodi ye-Pseudo isekelwe ezimisweni ezahlukahlukene, ezisekelwe ekuhleleni kwezilimi ezithile zokuhlela. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ingaqondwa ngaphandle kokwazi noma ukusebenzisa indawo ethile yokuhlela.
Izibonelo zama-algorithms: Ungayibona kanjani kalula eyodwa?
Ukuze sikusize uqonde lokhu kangcono, Sizokushiya nalezi zibonelo ezilula:
I-algorithm yokukhetha izicathulo zephathi:
- Ukudinga isicathulo nokwazi ukuthi yisiphi okufanele usibheke
- Sesha esitolo
- Qinisekisa ukuthi yibo esibafunayo
Yebo (iya esinyathelweni esilandelayo), Cha (buyela esinyathelweni sangaphambilini)
- Ingabe yilo usayizi esiwufunayo?
Yebo (Isinyathelo esilandelayo), Cha (Buyela esinyathelweni sesithathu)
- Singakwazi yini ukuyikhokhela?
Uma (isinyathelo esilandelayo), Cha (buyela esinyathelweni sesi-3)
- Thenga izicathulo
- ekupheleni
I-Algorithm yokulungiselela isidlo sakusihlwa:
- Ukwazi ukuthi sizophekani
- Thola izithako zokupheka
- Lungisa ngayinye
- Qedela ukulungiselela
- Comer
- ekupheleni
Ngaphambi kokuphetha lesi sihloko, sikushiyela izimpawu ezithile ezisetshenziswa kushadi lokugeleza kwe-algorithm, ukuze ukwazi ukuhlonza eyodwa ngokushesha.
Amazwana avaliwe.