§Internet Computer Protocol (ICP)

Sovereign frontier cloud scaling AI that builds

The Internet Computer is a frontier cloud created by a mathematically secure network protocol that combines independently operated compute nodes. Hosted apps and services are immune to infrastructure hacks, and guaranteed to run, so agents and devs can be trusted to build and update them without needing security and systems teams in the loop. Frontier serverless languages leverage orthogonal persistence, which prevents lossy updates and enables agents to build better apps faster. Digital assets ready.

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Why agents build here

Three properties of frontier cloud prevent infrastructure hacks — which is what lets you hand the keys to an agent.

01

Tamperproof

Apps run inside the network's protocol, not on a server. Computation and data are defined, updated, and protected, by math. There is no infrastructure for hackers to escape to. If an attacker gains physical access to a node, they still cannot break hosted apps.

02

Fault-tolerant

Frontier cloud networks replicate computation and data across nodes, and individual node faults are invisible to hosted apps and services. Within fault bounds, apps always run with their data. Traditional systems administration is not necessary.

03

Sovereign

Your cloud is a compute configuration, not a machine. Run on the shared public network, or define a cloud engine — your own subnet — choosing compute providers and locations. Change nodes without interrupting hosted apps. No lock-in whatsoever.

The self-writing cloud

Agents don't just call APIs here. They build and operate entire applications — and the platform watches their work.

04

Agents ship production apps

Frontier coding agents — Caffeine, Claude Code, Codex, Copilot, Cursor, Perplexity — build and deploy services directly into the network. Because the platform enforces integrity, catches runtime regressions, and preserves state automatically, a supervising human is optional rather than required.

05

Mistakes never reach production

Every upgrade is verified before it runs. If a migration would silently drop data, the deploy is rejected and the agent retries until it's safe. Combined with orthogonal persistence — where program state lives in the program itself, not a separate database — backends are simpler, and an agent's bad commit cannot reach a live app.

06

Digital assets, native

Canisters can securely create keys on demand and transact across external networks — without custody by a third party. The Internet Computer is the only open cloud where programs can hold value and sign transactions themselves.

The research program

The world's most sophisticated network science, made yours.

The Internet Computer was developed by a multi-year R&D program. After initial work, the DFINITY Foundation was formed in October 2016, and has run one of the largest independent research operations in frontier computing since late 2017.

Its purpose is to develop internet-scale cloud that hosts a new kind of software — any language that compiles to WebAssembly, plus the domain-specific Motoko language developed in-house. Over the years, the network has benefited from the work of some of the world's leading researchers and engineers in secure distributed protocols, cryptography, execution environments, Wasm, and programming languages.

In recent times, an increasing emphasis has been placed on enabling the self-writing internet, where AI generates apps on demand. As the Internet Computer hosts ever more apps and services, it becomes increasingly clear that its time has come.

Research & documents

Papers, decks, and specifications from the program.

Every long document on this site is also available in Markdown and JSON so coding agents can ingest it directly.

In the press

Recent coverage, announcements, and field notes.

Exclusive: Pakistan moves towards sovereign AI

Axios

Pakistan Digital Authority and DFINITY Partner for Sovereign Cloud Infrastructure and AI Software Systems

DFINITY Foundation

Pakistan digital authority partners with Swiss-based group on sovereign cloud, AI systems

Arab News

Mission 70 and Accelerating the Internet Computer Economy

Whitepaper

DFINITY launches Caffeine

VentureBeat

Video preview

Monetize apps with Caffeine

Ecosystem spotlight · Consumer

Mass-market platforms already live on the Internet Computer.

Caffeine — Build through conversation

Create custom websites, apps, and digital services simply by describing them in natural language. Caffeine demonstrates the self-writing internet, where AI generates fully functional applications on demand.

OISY — Multi-network wallet without private keys

A browser-based wallet powered by Chain Fusion. Fully network-custodied, eliminating the need to handle private keys directly while keeping full user control.

OpenChat — Messaging with no backend operator

A real-time messaging platform comparable to WhatsApp, running entirely inside the Internet Computer. Users own their data and conversations.

Ecosystem spotlight · Government & NGO

Institutions building on the sovereign-by-default stack.

PDA — Sovereign infrastructure for Pakistan

The Pakistan Digital Authority and DFINITY partner to advance sovereign, AI-native digital infrastructure in Pakistan.

UNDP — Universal Trusted Credentials

The United Nations Development Programme uses ICP to issue tamperproof, verifiable credentials.

GZA — Europe's tech powerhouse

How the Internet Computer plays a leading role in the Greater Zurich Area's technology ecosystem.

Quick start · for human developers

Everything you need to ship apps, websites, and services inside the Internet Computer's tamperproof serverless environment.

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For agents
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