{"id":16222,"date":"2017-08-12T04:19:25","date_gmt":"2017-08-12T04:19:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inst-tools.rdkaijf1-liquidwebsites.com\/?p=16222"},"modified":"2020-07-08T22:06:37","modified_gmt":"2020-07-08T16:36:37","slug":"what-is-control-loop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrumentationtools.com\/what-is-control-loop\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a Control Loop ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A <strong>control loop<\/strong> is a process management system designed to maintain a process variable at a desired set point.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Each step in the loop works in conjunction with the others to manage the system. Once the set point has been established, the control loop operates using a four-step process.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Control Loop<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16223\" src=\"https:\/\/instrumentationtools.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/instrumentationtools.com_control-loop.jpg\" alt=\"Control Loop\" width=\"1040\" height=\"776\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Image Credits :\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/watsonmcdaniel.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">watsonmcdaniel.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Control Loop Steps :<\/h3>\n<h4>Sense :<\/h4>\n<p>Measure the current condition of the process using a sensor, which can be a thermocouple or RTD transmitter.<\/p>\n<h4>Compare :<\/h4>\n<p>Evaluate the measurement of the current condition against the set point using an electronic PID controller.<\/p>\n<h4>Respond :<\/h4>\n<p>Reacts to any error that may exist between the measured temperature value and the temperature set point by generating a corrective pneumatic signal.<\/p>\n<h4>Affect :<\/h4>\n<p>Actuate the control valve that will produce a change in the process variable.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The loop continually cycles through the steps, affecting the process variable (water temperature) in order to maintain the desired temperature set point.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Principle :<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">An electronic sensor (thermocouple, RTD or transmitter) installed at the measurement location continuously sends an input signal to the controller.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At set intervals, the controller compares this signal to a predefined set point. If the input signal deviates from the set point, the controller sends a corrective electric output signal to the control element.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This electric signal must be converted to a pneumatic signal when used with an air operated valve.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Using a I\/P Transducer, which converts a 4 to 20 mA electric signal to a 3 to 15 PSI air signal and sends the respective air supply to the Control Valve Positioner.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/instrumentationtools.com\/electropneumatic-valve-positioner-schematic-principle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">valve positioner<\/a> adjusts the control valve stem position and regulates the flow through the control valve, accordingly the temperature controls. This loop repeats until controller achieves setpoint.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Understanding a Control Loop :<\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Heat Exchanger Control Loop Example<\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16224\" src=\"https:\/\/instrumentationtools.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/instrumentationtools.com_process-control-loop.jpg\" alt=\"Process Control Loop\" width=\"903\" height=\"561\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Image Credits :\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/trerice.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">trerice.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A control loop is a process management system designed to maintain a process variable at a desired set point. Each step in the loop works in conjunction with the others to manage the system. Once the set point has been established, the control loop operates using a four-step process. Control Loop Image Credits :\u00a0watsonmcdaniel.com The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16223,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12,1925,761],"tags":[1217,42146,250,42147],"class_list":{"0":"post-16222","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-control-systems","8":"category-instrumentation-design","9":"category-process-fundamentals","10":"tag-control-loop","11":"tag-pid-control-loop","12":"tag-process-control-loop","13":"tag-what-is-control-loop"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is a Control Loop ? | Components of Control Loop<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A control loop is a control system designed to 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