{"id":10738,"date":"2015-12-18T16:43:50","date_gmt":"2015-12-18T16:43:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/engineeringtutorial.com\/?p=191"},"modified":"2016-09-19T04:42:34","modified_gmt":"2016-09-19T04:42:34","slug":"scr-triggering-methods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrumentationtools.com\/scr-triggering-methods\/","title":{"rendered":"SCR Triggering Methods"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">Triggering (Turn on) Methods of Thyristor:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">Triggering:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">The turning on Process of the SCR is known as Triggering. In other words, turning the SCR from Forward-Blocking state to Forward-Conduction state is known as Triggering.<\/span><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">The various <\/span><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">methods<\/span><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">\u00a0of\u00a0<\/span><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">SCR triggering are discussed here.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">The various SCR triggering methods are<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">Forward Voltage Triggering<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">Thermal or Temperature Triggering<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">Radiation or Light triggering<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">dv\/dt Triggering<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Gate Triggering<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">(a) Forward Voltage Triggering:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">In this mode, an additional forward voltage is applied between anode and cathode.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">When the anode terminal is positive with respect to cathode(V<sub>AK<\/sub>) , Junction J1 and J3 is forward biased and junction J2 is reverse biased.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">No current flows due to depletion region in J2 is reverse biased (except leakage current).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">As V<sub>AK<\/sub> is further increased, at a voltage V<sub>BO<\/sub> (Forward Break Over Voltage) the junction J2 undergoes avalanche breakdown and so a current flows and the device tends to turn ON(even when gate is open)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">(b) Thermal (or) Temperature Triggering:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">The width of depletion layer of SCR decreases with increase in junction temperature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">Therefore in SCR when V<sub>AR<\/sub> is very near its breakdown voltage, the device is triggered by increasing the junction temperature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">By increasing the junction temperature the reverse biased junction collapses thus the device starts to conduct.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">(c) Radiation Triggering (or) Light Triggering:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>For light triggered SCRs a special terminal niche is made inside the inner P layer instead of gate terminal.<\/li>\n<li>When light is allowed to strike this terminal, free charge carriers are generated.<\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">When intensity of light becomes more than a normal value, the thyristor starts conducting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">This type of <span data-mce-mark=\"1\">SCRs<\/span> are called as <span data-mce-mark=\"1\">LASCR<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">(d) dv\/dt Triggering:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">When the device is forward biased, J1 and J3 are forward biased, J2 is reverse biased.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">Junction J2 behaves as a capacitor, due to the charges existing across the junction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">If voltage across the device is V, the charge by Q and capacitance by C then,<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">i<sub>c<\/sub> = dQ\/dt \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">Q = CV<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">i<sub>c<\/sub> = d(CV) \/ dt<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">= C. dV\/dt \u00a0 + V. dC\/dt<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">as dC\/dt = 0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>i<sub>c<\/sub> = C.dV\/dt<strong>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">Therefore when the rate of change of voltage across the device becomes large, the device may turn ON, even if the voltage across the device is small.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\" data-mce-mark=\"1\">(e) Gate Triggering:-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">This is most widely used SCR triggering method.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">Applying a positive voltage between gate and cathode can Turn ON a forward biased thyristor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">When a positive voltage is applied at the gate terminal, charge carriers are injected in the inner P-layer, thereby reducing the depletion layer thickness.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">As the applied voltage increases, the carrier injection increases, therefore the voltage at which forward break-over occurs decreases.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">Three types of signals are used for gate triggering.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10873\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10873\" style=\"width: 287px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10873\" src=\"https:\/\/instrumentationtools.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/instrumentationtools.com_vi-characteristics-of-the-diode.png\" alt=\"VI characteristics of the diode\" width=\"287\" height=\"300\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10873\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">VI characteristics of the diode<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">1. DC gate triggering:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>A DC voltage of proper polarity is applied between gate and cathode ( Gate terminal is positive with respect to Cathode).<\/li>\n<li>When applied voltage is sufficient to produce the required gate Current, the device starts conducting.<\/li>\n<li>One drawback of this scheme is that both power and control circuits are DC and there is no isolation between the two.<\/li>\n<li>Another disadvantages is that a continuous DC signal has to be applied. So gate power loss is high.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">2. AC Gate Triggering:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span data-mce-mark=\"1\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Here AC source is used for gate signals.<\/li>\n<li>This scheme provides proper isolation between power and control circuit.<\/li>\n<li>Drawback of this scheme is that a separate transformer is required to step down ac supply.<\/li>\n<li>There are two methods of AC voltage triggering namely (i) R Triggering (ii) RC triggering<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(i) Resistance triggering:<img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11167 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/instrumentationtools.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/instrumentationtools.com_resistance-triggering.jpeg\" alt=\"Resistance triggering\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The following circuit shows the resistance triggering.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>In this method, the variable resistance R is used to control the gate current.<\/li>\n<li>Depending upon the value of R, when the magnitude of the gate\u00a0current reaches the sufficient value(latching current of the device) the SCR starts to conduct.<\/li>\n<li>The diode D is called as blocking diode. It\u00a0prevents the gate cathode junction from getting damaged in the negative half cycle.<\/li>\n<li>By considering that the gate circuit is purely resistive, the gate current is in phase with the applied voltage.<\/li>\n<li>By using this method we\u00a0can achieve maximum firing\u00a0angle\u00a0up to\u00a090\u00b0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(ii) RC Triggering<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The following circuit shows the resistance-capacitance triggering.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>By using this method we can achieve firing angle more than\u00a090\u00b0.<img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11168 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/instrumentationtools.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/instrumentationtools.com_rc-triggering.jpeg\" alt=\"RC Triggering\" width=\"300\" height=\"154\" \/><\/li>\n<li>In the positive\u00a0half cycle, the capacitor is charged through the variable resistance R up to the peak value of the applied voltage.<\/li>\n<li>The variable resistor R controls\u00a0the charging time of the capacitor.<\/li>\n<li>Depends upon the voltage across the capacitor, when sufficient amount of\u00a0gate\u00a0current will flow in the circuit,\u00a0the SCR starts to conduct.<\/li>\n<li>In the negative half cycle, the capacitor C is charged up to the negative peak value through the diode\u00a0D2.<\/li>\n<li>Diode\u00a0D1\u00a0is\u00a0used to prevent the reverse break down of the gate cathode junction in the negative half cycle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span data-mce-mark=\"1\">3. Pulse Gate Triggering:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>In this method the gate drive consists of a single pulse appearing periodically (or) a sequence of high frequency pulses.<\/li>\n<li>This is known as carrier frequency gating.<\/li>\n<li>A pulse transformer is used for isolation.<\/li>\n<li>The main advantage is that there is no need of applying continuous signals, so the gate losses are reduced.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Advantages of pulse train triggering:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Low gate dissipation at higher gate current.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Small gate isolating pulse transformer<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Low dissipation in reverse biased condition is possible.So simple trigger circuits are possible in some cases<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">When the first trigger pulse fails to trigger the SCR, the following pulses can succeed in latching SCR. This important while<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Triggering inductive circuits and circuits having back emf\u2019s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Triggering (Turn on) Methods of Thyristor: Triggering:- The turning on Process of the SCR is known as Triggering. In other words, turning the SCR from Forward-Blocking state to Forward-Conduction state is known as Triggering.The various methods\u00a0of\u00a0SCR triggering are discussed here. The various SCR triggering methods are Forward Voltage Triggering Thermal or Temperature Triggering Radiation or [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11168,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19380],"tags":[20554,20553,19388,20550,19389,19390,20549,20555,19391,20552,19392,19393,20551,19394],"class_list":{"0":"post-10738","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-power-electronics","8":"tag-ac-gate-triggering","9":"tag-dc-gate-triggering","10":"tag-dvdt-triggering","11":"tag-forward-voltage-triggering","12":"tag-forward-voltage-triggering-of-scr","13":"tag-gate-triggering","14":"tag-methods-of-thyristor","15":"tag-pulse-gate-triggering","16":"tag-radiation-or-light-triggering-of-scr","17":"tag-radiation-triggering-or-light-triggering","18":"tag-scr-thermal-or-temperature-triggering","19":"tag-scr-triggering-methods","20":"tag-thermal-or-temperature-triggering","21":"tag-various-scr-triggering-methods"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>SCR Triggering Methods - Inst Tools<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/instrumentationtools.com\/scr-triggering-methods\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SCR Triggering Methods\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Triggering (Turn on) Methods of Thyristor: Triggering:- The turning on Process of the SCR is known as Triggering. In other words, turning the SCR from Forward-Blocking state to Forward-Conduction state is known as Triggering.The various methods\u00a0of\u00a0SCR triggering are discussed here. 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In other words, turning the SCR from Forward-Blocking state to Forward-Conduction state is known as Triggering.The various methods\u00a0of\u00a0SCR triggering are discussed here. 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