Text

Alright, so I've found that text can be hard, and to me, whenever I put text on something, it looks like I just stuck it on.  Like its not part of the picture.  So what I'm asking is this.

What are these fonts called?
 

How do you get this effect with the line?
 and this

And obviously, if these icons were mine, I would know how to do this stuff.  And I know this must be pretty basic.  Thank you in advance.