{"id":703,"date":"2019-10-17T08:56:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-17T08:56:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/human-memory.net\/?p=703"},"modified":"2022-05-20T09:46:47","modified_gmt":"2022-05-20T09:46:47","slug":"insula","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/insula\/","title":{"rendered":"Insula"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_17 counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/insula\/#Boost_Your_Brain_with_Mind_Lab_Pro\" title=\"\n\t\tBoost Your Brain with Mind Lab Pro\n\t\">\n\t\tBoost Your Brain with Mind Lab Pro\n\t<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/insula\/#Benefits\" title=\"\n\t\tBenefits\n\t\">\n\t\tBenefits\n\t<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/insula\/#What_exactly_is_insula\" title=\"What exactly is insula? \">What exactly is insula? <\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/insula\/#The_Bizarre_location_of_insula\" title=\"The Bizarre location of insula&nbsp; \">The Bizarre location of insula&nbsp; <\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/insula\/#The_neurologist_who_changed_the_course_of_insula\" title=\"The neurologist who changed the course of insula?\">The neurologist who changed the course of insula?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/insula\/#What_is_the_function_of_insula\" title=\"What is the function of insula?\">What is the function of insula?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/insula\/#Lets_talk_about_the_different_functions_of_Insular_cortex\" title=\"Let\u2019s talk about the different functions of Insular cortex\">Let\u2019s talk about the different functions of Insular cortex<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/insula\/#VENs_Neurons_In_Insularly_Lobe\" title=\"VENs Neurons In Insularly Lobe\">VENs Neurons In Insularly Lobe<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/insula\/#Insula_and_limbic_system\" title=\"Insula and limbic system \">Insula and limbic system <\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/insula\/#How_a_damaged_insula_can_affect_the_functioning_of_the_brain\" title=\"How a damaged insula can affect the functioning of the brain?\">How a damaged insula can affect the functioning of the brain?<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/insula\/#Summary\" title=\"Summary\">Summary<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-4\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/insula\/#Reference\" title=\"Reference \">Reference <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Boost_Your_Brain_with_Mind_Lab_Pro\"><\/span>\n\t\tBoost Your Brain with Mind Lab Pro\n\t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\t<p><strong>Your brain is incredibly complex. Mind Lab Pro has 11 different nootropics all working together to increase your cognition and brainpower to help you live a better life.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If you need to perform at your best, need to focus, problem-solve or maintain a calm and clear mindset, you will get a huge benefit from taking Mind Lab Pro.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mindlabpro.com?a_aid=5f9802ef2d90f&amp;a_bid=6d45f5c3\" target=\"_blank\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTry Mind Lab Pro Today \u2192\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/takespruce.com\/product\/750mg-lab-grade-cbd-oil?rfsn=4424690.8df824\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" itemprop=\"url\">\n\t\t\t\t<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" height=\"281\" width=\"300\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/human-memory.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/mind-lab-pro.png?resize=300%2C281&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"mind-lab-pro\" itemprop=\"image\" title=\"mind-lab-pro\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefits\"><\/span>\n\t\tBenefits\n\t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\t<ul>\n<li>Better focus<\/li>\n<li>Calm mindset<\/li>\n<li>55+ memory and mood<\/li>\n<li>Performance focused athletes<\/li>\n<li>Student learning<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t<p><strong>Insula<\/strong> is also known as insular cortex. This amazing structure is situated in the folds of cortex which is the topmost layer of cerebrum. <\/p>\nPeople<br>\ncall insula with different names. It is insular cortex, insularly lobe or even<br>\ninsula cortex. &nbsp;\n<p>This tiny structure has been enigmatic since the beginning of time. Back then there were no brain imaging Technologies and because of this reason, insula remained hidden in the depths of cortex for a long time. <\/p>\n<p>Now we should be thankful for the better <strong>brain imaging technology <\/strong>because with the help of these Technologies now we are able to explore this amazing structure which is known as the insula. <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_exactly_is_insula\"><\/span>What exactly is insula? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/human-memory.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Insula.jpg?resize=368%2C319\" alt=\"\" width=\"368\" height=\"319\"><\/figure>\n<p>Insula is <strong>enigmatic<\/strong> and to understand this structure, it is first important to understand the anatomy of a brain. It is a known fact that all the mammals have a cerebral cortex. <\/p>\n<p>This, cerebral cortex makes the outermost layer of the brain and this layer is relatively newer than the other layers of the brain. <\/p>\n<p>Because of the <strong>Brain imaging Technologies<\/strong> now we are aware of the fact that this amazing layer which is called the cerebral cortex is related with intellectual processes like cognition, emotions, Complex behaviours and complex thoughts.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Bizarre_location_of_insula\"><\/span>The Bizarre location of insula&nbsp; <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/human-memory.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Insular-cortex.jpg?w=1200\" alt=\"\"><\/figure>\n<p>It\u2019s time to explore the location of <strong>insular cortex<\/strong> and for that, we have to go deeper into the cerebral cortex. There is an organ which is known as <strong>lateral sulcus. <\/strong>This organ which is located inside the cerebral cortex is also known as <strong>Sylvain<\/strong> <strong>fissure. <\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>What does Sylvain fissure do? This particular region of the brain basically separates the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes of the brain but we are more concerned about the location of insular cortex. <\/p>\n<p>To be precise insula is located inside the <strong>Sylvain<\/strong> <strong>fissure<\/strong>. It is so deep in the fissure that it was almost impossible for scientists and researchers to get to know this amazing region but now thanks to the amazing brain Technologies, we know about insula.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_neurologist_who_changed_the_course_of_insula\"><\/span>The neurologist who changed the course of insula?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/human-memory.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Antonio-Damasio.png?fit=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"527\" height=\"350\"><\/figure>\n<p>It was very difficult to get to know about insula but <strong>Antonio<\/strong> <strong>Damasio<\/strong> changed it all. He is a famed neuroscientist and he was the one who first said that insular cortex or insula basically plays an important role in mapping somatic states. <\/p>\n<p>He was the one who provided first-hand information about insula and after him many neuroscientists worked on it. Now the Neuroscientists divide insula into two distinct regions; one is the large anterior insula and the other is small posterior insula.<\/p>\n<p> Ironically, the small <strong>posterior insula<\/strong> is further subdivided into many great parts.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_function_of_insula\"><\/span>What is the function of insula?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/human-memory.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/insula-function.jpg?resize=294%2C293\" alt=\"\" width=\"294\" height=\"293\"><\/figure>\n<p>Insula is a tiny structure but it performs a very important function. Insula provides an <strong>emotional cognition<\/strong> to physiological experiences. For example, if there is pain in any part of your body then it is insula which cognise this pain as an unpleasant feeling.<\/p>\n<p> Imagine a world where you could not know what is happening to your body. It is because of insula that you know how to react when your body is experiencing different emotions. <\/p>\n<p>Any damage to insula would mean that you won\u2019t be able to differentiate between different emotions and it is a very bizarre feeling.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lets_talk_about_the_different_functions_of_Insular_cortex\"><\/span>Let\u2019s talk about the different functions of Insular cortex<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/human-memory.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Insular-cortex-1.jpg?resize=551%2C335\" alt=\"\" width=\"551\" height=\"335\"><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>&nbsp;<strong>Insular cortex <\/strong>helps us in the perception of pain. For instance if you hurt your big toe then it is insula who will tell you that you are experiencing pain.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;Insula helps us enjoy the basic emotions ranging from happiness, Joy, anger and disgust. Without the help of insular cortex we won\u2019t be able to experience these basic emotions.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;On the bad side, insula is responsible for addictive habits. All those who are the victims of obsessive-compulsive disorders may have some damage in insular cortex.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;If you are able to consciously know about your bodily states then it is happening because of insula. For instance, if you know that your heart is beating then you are having this perception because of insular cortex. On the other hand, if you know that your body is feeling heat then that is also because of insula. <\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;Insular lobe helps in motor control to a certain extent.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;Insula is also philosophical in nature. It is because of insular cortex that we are having the perception of self and I am.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;Most of the time we are able to read our own emotions and we are having this perception because of insula.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"VENs_Neurons_In_Insularly_Lobe\"><\/span>VENs Neurons In Insularly Lobe<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/human-memory.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/VENs-neurones.jpg?resize=488%2C344\" alt=\"\" width=\"488\" height=\"344\"><\/figure>\n<p>There are <strong>VENs neurones<\/strong> in insula which are long and cigar-shaped. These particular neurones are responsible for the formation of social relationships. If we are able to read social cues, it is because of these amazing neurones. <\/p>\n<p>VENs also play a greater role in the social development of apps along with humans. It is because of these neurones that we have a sense of self and we know that we are human. <\/p>\n<p>It is because of these neurones that we enjoy social skills which differentiate us from the other mammals.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Insula_and_limbic_system\"><\/span>Insula and limbic system <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/human-memory.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/limbic-system.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"554\" height=\"311\"><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Insula is dependent<\/strong> on the other regions of the brain for its proper functioning and it makes a strong connection with limbic system. There are number of structures in insula cortex which magically connect with limbic system for sending signals. <\/p>\n<p>It is a fact that limbic system plays an important role in memory, learning and motivation because it has amazing structures like amygdala and hippocampus. Insula is directly connected with limbic system and together, these two structures make the brain much more functional.<\/p>\n<p> In case some damage happens to limbic system then it is a sure thing to say that the insula will also be affected. In most severe cases trauma in the limbic system can lead to a trauma in insula which can lead to mental illness. <\/p>\n<p>People who enthusiastically<strong> engage in gambling<\/strong> and compulsive behaviours are said to have been suffering because of some damaging in limbic system.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_a_damaged_insula_can_affect_the_functioning_of_the_brain\"><\/span>How a damaged insula can affect the functioning of the brain?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/human-memory.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/insula-damaged.jpg?resize=470%2C345\" alt=\"\" width=\"470\" height=\"345\"><\/figure>\n<p>Insula is the <strong>vital part of brain<\/strong> and location damage happened to insula then the results can be very catastrophic. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes there is a possibility that brain will find an alternative way to function properly but most of the times without the help of insula brain starts acting bizarre.<\/p>\nLet\u2019s<br>\ntalk about what will happen in case there is damage to the insular cortex.\n<ul>\n<li>In case of damage to the insula, people will have difficulties with sensory perceptions. For instance there is a possibility that they won\u2019t be able to differentiate and feel touch. Damage to insula mean people won\u2019t be able to taste and smell anything.<\/li>\n<li>We are aware of our body because of insular cortex. In case there is damage to insula we won\u2019t be able to be aware of our body at all.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;In case insula is damaged, then there are chances that you won\u2019t feel pain at all or you may start feeling pain without knowing its actual source.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;People who have a damaged insula are hard-core addicts. If you see someone gambling or drinking to their fill, then know that there is some problem with their insula cortex.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;A damage to insula means difficulty in the perception and speaking of languages.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;In case the productivity of insula is hampered then there will be emotional imbalance. People with emotional imbalance do not know how to act properly in states of disgust, anger, joy and happiness.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;People who have a damaged insula can be the victims of mental illness.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;If insula is damaged in children then they can experience developmental delays.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;If insula is not working properly then people won\u2019t be able to form successful social relationships. To form successful relationships it is very important that insula works properly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary\"><\/span>Summary<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>&nbsp;Insula is an enigmatic<br>\nstructure of the brain and it is located in the Sylvain<br>\nfissure.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;It was<br>\nAntonio Damasio who first hypothesize about insular cortex. He was the one who said that<br>\ninsula was responsible for basic functions of cognition and bodily awareness.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;Insula plays a number<br>\nof functions for the proper functioning of human body.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;It is because of<br>\ninsula that people are able to perceive pain.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;It is because of<br>\ninsula the people have the awareness about their body and self.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;The VENs neurones in insula are<br>\nresponsible for our successful social relationships.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;Insula makes a very<br>\nfruitful connection with the limbic system of brain.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;Any damage to insula<br>\ncortex will make it difficult for the brain to function properly.<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;Without the help of<br>\ninsula, humans are unable to perceive pain and feel joy and happiness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reference\"><\/span>Reference <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><em>MUFSON, E; MESULAM, M; PANDYA, D (1 July 1981). &#8220;Insular interconnections with the amygdala in the rhesus monkey&#8221;.&nbsp;Neuroscience.&nbsp;<\/em><strong><em>6<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;(7): 1231\u20131248.&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>doi<\/em><\/a><em>:<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2F0306-4522%2881%2990184-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>10.1016\/0306-4522(81)90184-6<\/em><\/a><em>.&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>PMID<\/em><\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/6167896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>6167896<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insular_cortex#cite_ref-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>^<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>&nbsp;Craig AD, Chen K, Bandy D, Reiman EM (2000). &#8220;Thermosensory activation of insular cortex&#8221;.&nbsp;Nat. Neurosci.&nbsp;<\/em><strong><em>3<\/em><\/strong><em>(2): 184\u201390.&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>doi<\/em><\/a><em>:<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2F72131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>10.1038\/72131<\/em><\/a><em>.&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>PMID<\/em><\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10649575\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>10649575<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insular_cortex#cite_ref-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>^<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>&nbsp;JAKAB, A; MOLNAR, P; BOGNER, P; BERES, M; BERENYI, E (1 Oct 2011). &#8220;Connectivity-based parcellation reveals interhemispheric differences in the insula&#8221;.&nbsp;Brain Topography.&nbsp;<\/em><strong><em>25<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;(3): 264\u2013271.&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>doi<\/em><\/a><em>:<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs10548-011-0205-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>10.1007\/s10548-011-0205-y<\/em><\/a><em>.&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>PMID<\/em><\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22002490\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>22002490<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>^&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insular_cortex#cite_ref-Sobotta&#039;s_Atlas_and_Text-book_of_human_anatomy_1909_4-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>a<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insular_cortex#cite_ref-Sobotta&#039;s_Atlas_and_Text-book_of_human_anatomy_1909_4-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>b<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insular_cortex#cite_ref-Sobotta&#039;s_Atlas_and_Text-book_of_human_anatomy_1909_4-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>c<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>&nbsp;Johannes Sobotta.&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/babel.hathitrust.org\/cgi\/pt?q1=circular%20sulcus;id=ien.35558004773517;view=plaintext;seq=243;start=1;size=100;page=root;num=145;orient=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>&#8220;Sobotta&#8217;s Atlas and Text-book of human anatomy 1909&#8221;<\/em><\/a><em>. p.&nbsp;145. Retrieved&nbsp;November 10,&nbsp;2013.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insular_cortex#cite_ref-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>^<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.medilexicon.com\/medicaldictionary.php?t=86332\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>&#8220;Definition: &#8216;Circular Sulcus Of Insula'&#8221;<\/em><\/a><em>. MediLexicon. Retrieved&nbsp;2012-03-30.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insular_cortex#cite_ref-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>^<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>&nbsp;Bauernfeind A; et al. (April 2013).&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3756831\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>&#8220;A volumetric comparison of the insular cortex and its subregions in primates&#8221;<\/em><\/a><em>.&nbsp;Human Evolution.&nbsp;<\/em><strong><em>64<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;(4): 263\u2013279.&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>doi<\/em><\/a><em>:<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jhevol.2012.12.003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>10.1016\/j.jhevol.2012.12.003<\/em><\/a><em>.&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Central\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>PMC<\/em><\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3756831\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>3756831<\/em><\/a><em>.&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>PMID<\/em><\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23466178\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>23466178<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents Boost Your Brain with Mind Lab Pro Benefits What exactly is insula? The Bizarre location of insula&nbsp; &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Insula\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/insula\/#more-703\" aria-label=\"Read more about Insula\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_generate-full-width-content":"","kt_blocks_editor_width":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/703","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=703"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/703\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3926,"href":"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/703\/revisions\/3926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=703"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=703"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/human-memory.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=703"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}