Universal Serial Bus (USB)

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Local Interconnect Network (LIN)

Local Interconnect Network (LIN) Local Interconnect Network (LIN) is a low-cost, low-speed serial communication bus mainly used in automotive systems to connect simple devices that do not require the performance or complexity of CAN. Back to top of the page

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CAN Flexible Data-Rate (CAN-FD)

CAN Flexible Data-Rate (CAN-FD) CAN Flexible Data-Rate (CAN-FD) is an enhanced version of the classic Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol, designed to support higher data throughput and larger payloads while remaining compatible with existing CAN networks. Back to top of … Continue reading

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Controller Area Network (CAN)

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Controller Area Network (CAN) CAN Logic Levels CAN 2.0A Standard Frame CAN 2.0B Extended Frame Controller Area Network (CAN) is a robust, message-based communication protocol designed to allow electronic control units (ECUs), sensors, and microcontrollers to communicate with each other … Continue reading

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Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)

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Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) SPI Mode SPI Communication Example Reference Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a high-speed, synchronous serial communication protocol used primarily for short-distance communication between microcontrollers and peripheral devices (like sensors, SD cards, or displays). MOSI: The data … Continue reading

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Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)

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Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) I2C Write Data I2C Read Data Reference Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) is a synchronous, multi-device serial communication bus where a master controls all communication. The master initiates and completes transactions, sends an address frame to select a slave, … Continue reading

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UART / RS232 / RS485

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Serial Communication Baud Rate TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic) RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) RS-485 (Recommended Standard 485) Reference Serial communication sends data one bit at a time in sequence, as opposed to parallel communication which sends multiple bits simultaneously on multiple wires. … Continue reading

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Exploratory Review of AI Concepts and Tools

AI Concepts LLM typically refers to Large Language Model in the context of artificial intelligence and machine learning.It is a type of deep learning model trained on massive amounts of text data to understand and generate human-like language. Examples: GPT-4, … Continue reading

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Comparison of ROS1 and ROS2

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ROS1 vs ROS2 Architecture ROS2 is well-suited for a variety of applications, including navigation, security, embedded systems, real-time operations, safety-critical tasks, and robotic manipulation. Data Distribution Service (DDS) for ROS2 (1) An industry-standard communication system, a networking middleware (2) Data-Centric … Continue reading

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Comparison of TI and STM32 MCUs

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TI Microcontrollers C2000 real-time: TMS320F28375D, TMS320F28379D, TMS320F28388D, etc ARM-based: AM243x, AM263x, AM273x, MSP432x, etc Direct (Direct Register Access): bare-metal programming Bit Field: register access whole or by bits DriverLib: high-level and feature-oriented APIs TI MCUs and MPUs (Copyright to TI) … Continue reading

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