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Hash Attack Examples #18

@zawy12

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@zawy12

These show typical hashrate jumps when difficulty accidentally falls about 20% low. The magenta spikes are when the avg of 11 solvetimes were > 2.1x faster than the target, indicating a large increase in hashrate that is not a statistical accident. They are scaled down to 1/4 the 1/(avg 11 solvetime) for plotting. A peak reaching 1 is 4x the baseline hashrate. The blue or orange spikes are when avg of 11 solvetimes are >2x target solvetimes, represented unusual delays, also scaled down by 1/4th.

Alloy

The first one is a Monero clone, Alloy, that suffered a 3-day delay between blocks as a result of the default Cryptonote difficulty algorithm being too slow with N=720 in a simple moving average. Below shows attack that had 4x4=16x their baseline hashrate, resulting in the average of 11 solvetimes going up to 17x4=68x longer than their target solvetime. The attackers got 250 blocks before the difficulty started rising.

1

Alloy switched to LWMA with N=60 and 25x attacks resulted in 2x4=8x delays. The attackers got only 30 blocks before the difficulty doubled. This occured right after the fork to the new algorithm, so the attackers were trying their old tricks, which won't work anymore. They have not come back.

[update: I later found out some of these swings in alloy were due to it having a lag in its calculations, so a normal LWMA would have reacted about 15 blocks faster. ]

2

Masari

The same thing occurred when Masari switched to LWMA: right after the fork, they tried to attack but didn't get many blocks, so they haven't returned in 6 months.

masari_lwma_begin

Here's a zoom-in view of the initial Masari attack.

image

Sumokoin

This is an example of Sumokoin's problems as a result of "fixing" their Cryptonote N=720 problem with my N=17 SMA. Their coin isn't "breaking" anymore (delays are tolerable), but otherwise it's not performing very well because it accidentally varies too much from the low N averaging window. So miners are constantly jumping on and off to get cheap coins.

image

Karbowanec

Karbowanec did the same thing as Sumokoin (switched from N=720 to N=17 SMA). This shows similar "constant" attacks with N=17. In both cases, it's not constantly like this. These are just good examples of when the attacks were strong.

image

Zcash

The following shows Zcash's version of Digishield doing good. By "good" I mean you can still see the attacks, but they don't last long due to the difficulty rising. It still attracts hash attacks every time it drops a little low from accidental variation. I'm including this one just to show even on good days with a large coin the big miners are still looking for opportunities to jump on. It's N=17 algo is like an SMA with N=4x17=68 because of they way Digishield "tempers" the N=17 SMA. It also has an unfortunate delay of 6 blocks in responding due to using the MTP as most recent bock timestamp, which is just a gift to the attackers at the expense of dedicated miners. (delays are not shown)

image

Hush

Hush is a clone of Zcash with the same algo. It's 100x smaller in hashrate than Zcash, so it sees more problems from big Zcash miners coming by for a "friendly visit".

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Bitcoin Cash (new DAA)

Bitcoin cash had some problems for the first two or three days after forking to their new DAA which is an SMA with N=144. The slow N=144 let the price get out of sync with the difficulty. The (Price+Fees)/Difficulty ratio got larger which attracted more hash power. On the left half of this chart you can see that every time the red normalized price fell below the magenta normalized difficulty (the P/D ratio got lower), they would stop mining which can be seen as solvetimes going up. And vice versa when the price went above the difficulty line: solvetimes went down which shows increased hash rate. When difficulty goes up, solvetimes will be slower even if hashrate does not change, but that is a smallish effect. Notice these solvetimes go from 0.5x to 3x the target solvetime. This means hashrate went up 3x from the avg, and 6x from the low. This is an excellent chart because it shows hashrate went 3x up and down on this big coin by mere 25% changes in the P/D ratio. N=144 on a T=600 second coin (the averaging window is 1 day) like this is too slow at times for even a big coin. Small coins with Cryptonote's N=720 and T=120 solvetime is also a 1-day window and they can't usually survive. 1-day averaging allows price to change faster than difficulty.

bch3

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