When for the same same thing there are icons in several source icon sets, you each selected the best icon for this set.

I read that your primary criteria are legibility at small size and consistency. With this in mind, I scrolled through your excellent comparison table. For some, I have some comments regarding legibility at small size:

#	current	new?	comment
1			Bowling pin is better recognized with a more bulky shape and those typical stripes at the top. The big holes in the ball might be a bit exaggerated, but are better to recognize at 15x15px
2			Current icon has details and lines that are difficult to see at small size, OSM carto icons have a more simplistic design. At least for the "banknote in hand", this leads to somewhat of an unrecognizable blob currently (Of course might only be that I recognize this abstract version well because I am used to it.)
3			The temaki clock is consistent with the `analog_watch`, additional details in current icon is unnecessary detail in an icon so well understood as a clock face, color is unusual (clock faces are usually white), i.e. looks more like a sports watch face
4			Additional details seem unnecessary for an icon so well recognized (almost any map app has a compass icon somewhere), although that the needle is slightly tilted in current icon plus that the "north" part of it has a different color than "south" part is a good idea for recognizability
5			the mask in the background is harder to see than in the carto icon. I think that the one in the background is outlined instead helps. (Which is a common icon, a black and a white mask)
6			Despite the higher detail/thin lines especially on the buttons to the right, I find the carto icon better recognizable as a game controller. I think this is due to the left part of the current icon just being a big white circle where the dpad should be (and to the right, there is a dpad instead of buttons). The current icon could be mistaken for example for VR goggles.
7		?	Inconsistent ear icon with the other ear icons.
8			I believe this is too abstract, it's almost just a triangle. At least where I come from, when a hint of sticks sticking out of a triangle "tipi style" it is very well understood as denoting "tent"
9			carto icon renders slightly more square shaped, better visible line between wheel and camper
10			Consolidate to fighter jet? F22 icon looks a bit like a coniferous tree. (Could be fixed by rotating it 45 degrees though)
11			OSM carto icon is simpler but brings it across just as well (IMO)
12			Inconsistent to other motorboat icons, also, icon is less clear than the carto one. (The boat on the carto icon would also be inconsistent with the other boat icons)
13			carto icon seems clear, current icon is a bit muddled on the lower left. (Who needs legs, anyway?)
14			current icon could more easily be mistaken for something else (e.g. some rack in a server room), osm carto / osm americana hits the right spot, IMO. The hotel icon ("person sleeping in bed") is fine, but if the bunk beds icon is changed, that one should also be changed for consistency
15			the white stripe in the current icon seems awfully wide. It almost looks like it should signify magnetism. Also, the "phone_right_with_exclamation_mark" is not consistent with this phone
16			the white stripe from one end to the other looks a bit odd. To be honest, for a moment I thought I saw a building at a shoreline reflecting in the water, such as something like the Sydney opera house or the Hamburg Elbphilharmonie. Yeah, the OSM carto shoe looks exaggerated, but that's the point of icons, no?
17			I find the current icon a bit too generic. Also, what's that on top? I have never seen this on a washing machine. All icon of temaki, NPS and OSM carto I find better, but the carto one seems most clear at this size
18			carto icon is not really clearer, but the faucet in the current icon is a bit inconsistent with the faucets in the other icons. The carto one is more similar to the faucet in e.g. ,