Additional examples if you find any helpful

## Add background music to a silent video

```bash
ffmpeg -filter_complex 'color=color=blue:duration=5s,format=yuv420p' -f lavfi -i 'sine=frequency=440:duration=5' -shortest -map 0:v:0 -map 1:a:0 with-audio.mp4
```

## Extract audio from a video

```bash
ffmpeg -i with-audio.mp4 -q:a 0 -map a extracted.mp3
```

## Overlay one video on another (picture-in-picture)

```bash
ffmpeg -filter_complex "color=blue:duration=5:size=640x480 [base]; color=red:duration=5:size=160x120 [overlay]; [base][overlay] overlay=W-w-10:H-h-10" pip.mp4
```

## Apply a fade-in effect to audio

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "sine=frequency=440:duration=10" -af "afade=t=in:st=0:d=3" fadein.wav
```

## Reverse a video clip

```bash
ffmpeg -filter_complex "color=yellow:duration=5,drawtext=text=reverse:fontsize=24:x=10:y=H-th-10,reverse" reversed.mp4
```

## Add a watermark image to video

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=white:duration=5:size=640x480" -i logo.png -filter_complex "[0][1]overlay=W-w-10:H-h-10" watermarked.mp4
```

## Speed up a video 2x

```bash
ffmpeg -filter_complex "color=gray:duration=5,drawtext=text=fast:fontsize=24:x=10:y=10,setpts=0.5*PTS" fast.mp4
```

## Change audio pitch (chipmunk effect)

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "sine=frequency=440:duration=5" -af "asetrate=88200,atempo=0.5" chipmunk.wav
```

## Loop an image into a 10-second video

```bash
ffmpeg -loop 1 -i static.png -t 10 -vf "format=yuv420p" looped.mp4
```

## Extract every frame from a video as images

```bash
ffmpeg -i with-audio.mp4 frame_%03d.png
```

## Apply a fade-out effect to audio

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "sine=frequency=440:duration=10" -af "afade=t=out:st=7:d=3" fadeout.wav
```

## Create a bouncing ball animation using drawbox

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=black:duration=5:size=320x240" -vf "drawbox=x=mod(t*60\,w-20):y=100:w=20:h=20:color=red@0.8:t=fill" bouncing.mp4
```

## Generate a spectrogram of an audio file

```bash
ffmpeg -i fadein.wav -lavfi showspectrumpic=s=1024x512 spectrogram.png
```

## Blur a video (box blur)

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=purple:duration=5:size=640x480" -vf "boxblur=10:1" blur.mp4
```

## Rotate a video 90 degrees clockwise

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=orange:duration=5:size=640x480" -vf "transpose=1" rotated.mp4
```

## Overlay timestamp on video

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=black:duration=10:size=640x480" -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='%{pts\:hms}':fontsize=24:fontcolor=white:x=10:y=10" timestamp.mp4
```

*Note: Replace `/path/to/font.ttf` with the path to a valid font file on your system.*

## Create scrolling text video

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=white:duration=10:size=640x100" -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='This is scrolling text':fontsize=24:x='w-mod(t*100\,w+text_w)':y=30:fontcolor=black" scrolling.mp4
```

## Convert a video to grayscale

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "testsrc=duration=5:size=640x480:rate=30" -vf "hue=s=0" grayscale.mp4
```

## Create a side-by-side video from two inputs

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=red:duration=5:size=320x240" -f lavfi -i "color=blue:duration=5:size=320x240" -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]hstack=inputs=2" sidebyside.mp4
```

## Zoom into the center of a video over time

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "testsrc=duration=5:size=640x480:rate=30" -vf "zoompan=z='min(zoom+0.0015,1.5)':d=125" zoom.mp4
```

## Convert a video segment to GIF

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "testsrc=duration=3:size=320x240:rate=10" output.gif
```

## Convert a real video to an optimized GIF (2-pass)

```bash
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "fps=15,scale=320:-1:flags=lanczos" -t 3 -y temp.gif
ffmpeg -i temp.gif -filter_complex "[0:v]palettegen" palette.png
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -i palette.png -filter_complex "fps=15,scale=320:-1:flags=lanczos[x];[x][1:v]paletteuse" output.gif
```

## Apply echo to audio

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "sine=frequency=440:duration=5" -af "aecho=0.8:0.88:60:0.4" echo.wav
```

## Apply reverb to audio

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "sine=frequency=440:duration=5" -af "aecho=0.6:0.4:1000:0.5" reverb.wav
```

## Combine video with silent audio

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=gray:duration=5:size=640x480" -f lavfi -i "anullsrc=channel_layout=mono:sample_rate=44100" -shortest -c:v libx264 -c:a aac silent-video.mp4
```

## Crossfade between two audio files

```bash
ffmpeg -i sine1.wav -i sine2.wav -filter_complex "[0][1]acrossfade=d=2:c1=tri:c2=tri" crossfade.wav
```

*Note: Requires sine1.wav and sine2.wav to exist and be the same sample rate/channels.*

## Stack videos vertically

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=red:duration=5:size=320x240" -f lavfi -i "color=blue:duration=5:size=320x240" -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]vstack=inputs=2" stacked.mp4
```

## Overlay a transparent PNG on a video

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "testsrc=duration=5:size=640x480" -i overlay.png -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]overlay=10:10" with-overlay.mp4
```

## Add background noise to an audio signal

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "sine=frequency=440:duration=5" -f lavfi -i "anoisesrc=color=pink:duration=5" -filter_complex "[0][1]amix=inputs=2:duration=first:dropout_transition=2" noisy.wav
```

## Apply a waveform visualization of an audio file to video

```bash
ffmpeg -i fadein.wav -filter_complex "showwaves=s=640x240:mode=cline" waveform.mp4
```

## Apply audio ducking (reduce music volume when voice is active)

```bash
ffmpeg -i music.wav -i voice.wav -filter_complex "[0:a][1:a]sidechaincompress=threshold=0.05" ducked.wav
```

*Note: `music.wav` is background music, `voice.wav` is voiceover.*

## Replace green screen with background

```bash
ffmpeg -i greenscreen.mp4 -i background.jpg -filter_complex "[0:v]colorkey=0x00FF00:0.3:0.1[fg];[1:v][fg]overlay" chroma-key.mp4
```

*Note: Requires `greenscreen.mp4` with green background and `background.jpg`.*

## Slide transition between two videos

```bash
ffmpeg -i red.mp4 -i blue.mp4 -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=slideleft:duration=1:offset=4" slidetrans.mp4
```

*Note: Ensure both input videos have same size/codec/duration (~5s).*

## Create a kaleidoscope effect

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "testsrc=duration=5:size=640x480:rate=30" -vf "geq='lum(X,Y)':128:128,rotate=PI/3,split [a][b]; [a]hflip[a1]; [b]vflip[b1]; [a1][b1]overlay" kaleidoscope.mp4
```

## Capture from webcam (macOS example, AVFoundation)

```bash
ffmpeg -f avfoundation -framerate 30 -i "0" -t 5 webcam.mov
```

## Capture from webcam and microphone simultaneously (macOS)

```bash
ffmpeg -f avfoundation -video_size 640x480 -framerate 30 -i "0:0" -t 5 capture.mov
```

## Add white noise to a silent video

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=black:duration=5:size=640x480" -f lavfi -i "anoisesrc=color=white:duration=5" -shortest -map 0:v:0 -map 1:a:0 noise-video.mp4
```

## Create looping waveform video of a short audio clip

```bash
ffmpeg -i fadein.wav -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=640x360:mode=line:colors=white,format=yuv420p" -t 5 waveform-loop.mp4
```

## Simulate VHS-style distortion

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i testsrc=duration=5:size=640x480 -vf "hue=s=0,noise=alls=20:allf=t+u" vhs.mp4
```

## Create pulsing zoom effect

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "testsrc=duration=5:size=640x480" -vf "zoompan=z='1+0.5*sin(2*PI*t/1)':d=1:x='iw/2-(iw/zoom/2)':y='ih/2-(ih/zoom/2)'" pulsing-zoom.mp4
```

## Apply basic color grading (increase contrast and saturation)

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "testsrc=duration=5:size=640x480" -vf "eq=contrast=1.5:saturation=1.8" graded.mp4
```

## Apply a sepia filter

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "testsrc=duration=5:size=640x480" -vf "colorchannelmixer=.393:.769:.189:0:.349:.686:.168:0:.272:.534:.131" sepia.mp4
```

## Burn hardcoded subtitles into video

```bash
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "subtitles=subs.srt" subtitled.mp4
```

*Note: `subs.srt` is a UTF-8 encoded subtitle file.*

## Create subtitles from text manually (no .srt needed)

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=black:duration=5:size=640x480" -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='Hello World':fontsize=32:fontcolor=white:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=h-50" simple-sub.mp4
```

## Live timestamp overlay on webcam (macOS example)

```bash
ffmpeg -f avfoundation -i "0" -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='%{localtime}':fontsize=24:fontcolor=white:x=10:y=10" -t 10 timestamped.mov
```

## Animated typewriter text effect

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=black:duration=5:size=640x120" -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='Typewriter effect':fontsize=32:fontcolor=white:x=10:y=50:enable='lt(t,0.5)+lt(t,1.0)+lt(t,1.5)+lt(t,2.0)'" typewriter.mp4
```

*(For full animation, use separate `drawtext` lines per character or script generation.)*

## Add soft vignette effect

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "testsrc=duration=5:size=640x480" -vf "vignette" vignette.mp4
```

## Add subtitles with background box

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=black:duration=5:size=640x360" -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='With Background':fontsize=28:fontcolor=white:box=1:boxcolor=black@0.5:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=h-60" boxed-subtitle.mp4
```

## Add scrolling subtitles (ticker style)

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=black:duration=10:size=640x100" -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='This is a scrolling subtitle across the bottom of the screen':fontsize=24:fontcolor=white:x='w-mod(t*100\,w+text_w)':y=h-40" scrolling-sub.mp4
```

## Overlay live input onto a background video (picture-in-picture from webcam)

```bash
ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "color=blue:duration=10:size=640x480" -f avfoundation -framerate 30 -video_size 160x120 -i "0" -filter_complex "[0][1]overlay=10:10" live-overlay.mp4
```

*Note: Adjust device index and source name depending on OS — `avfoundation` is macOS-specific.*

## Create a meme-style image with top and bottom text

```bash
ffmpeg -i input.jpg -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='TOP TEXT':fontsize=48:fontcolor=white:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=20:box=1:boxcolor=black@0.6, drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='BOTTOM TEXT':fontsize=48:fontcolor=white:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=h-text_h-20:box=1:boxcolor=black@0.6" meme.jpg
```

## Meme-style video with top text

```bash
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='When FFmpeg just works':fontsize=48:fontcolor=white:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=20:box=1:boxcolor=black@0.6" meme-top.mp4
```

## Add thick black stroke (outline) around meme text

```bash
ffmpeg -i input.jpg -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='OUTLINED TEXT':fontsize=48:fontcolor=white:borderw=3:bordercolor=black:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=(h-text_h)/2" outlined.jpg
```

## Add emoji or special characters as text

```bash
ffmpeg -i input.jpg -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='That’s hot ':fontsize=48:fontcolor=white:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=20" emoji.jpg
```

*Note: Use a font that supports emojis, like Apple Color Emoji or Noto Color Emoji.*

## Dynamically update text based on timestamp

```bash
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='Seconds: %{eif\:t\:d}':fontsize=36:fontcolor=white:x=20:y=20:box=1:boxcolor=black@0.5" dynamic-time.mp4
```

## Meme with uppercase impact-style font

```bash
ffmpeg -i input.jpg -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/Impact.ttf:text='TOO MANY FILTERS':fontsize=64:fontcolor=white:borderw=4:bordercolor=black:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=30" impact.jpg
```

## Overlay a meme caption image (e.g. rage face)

```bash
ffmpeg -i input.jpg -i face.png -filter_complex "[0][1]overlay=W-w-20:H-h-20" rageface.jpg
```

## Create video meme with top and bottom captions and aspect padding

```bash
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "pad=w=iw:h=ih+160:y=80:color=black, drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='TOP TEXT':fontsize=48:fontcolor=white:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=20, drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='BOTTOM TEXT':fontsize=48:fontcolor=white:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=h-text_h-20" meme-video.mp4
```

## Animated meme: flashing text effect

```bash
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='FLASH!':fontsize=64:fontcolor_expr='if(mod(t,0.5)<0.25,white,red)':x=(w-text_w)/2:y=50" flashing.mp4
```

## Meme with vertical split text: two-part reaction

```bash
ffmpeg -i input.jpg -vf "drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='Before FFmpeg':fontsize=36:fontcolor=white:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=h/4:borderw=2:bordercolor=black, drawtext=fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf:text='After FFmpeg':fontsize=36:fontcolor=white:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=3*h/4:borderw=2:bordercolor=black" before-after.jpg
```

Additional examples if you find any helpful #1

Description

Add background music to a silent video

Extract audio from a video

Overlay one video on another (picture-in-picture)

Apply a fade-in effect to audio

Reverse a video clip

Add a watermark image to video

Speed up a video 2x

Change audio pitch (chipmunk effect)

Loop an image into a 10-second video

Extract every frame from a video as images

Apply a fade-out effect to audio

Create a bouncing ball animation using drawbox

Generate a spectrogram of an audio file

Blur a video (box blur)

Rotate a video 90 degrees clockwise

Overlay timestamp on video

Create scrolling text video

Convert a video to grayscale

Create a side-by-side video from two inputs

Zoom into the center of a video over time

Convert a video segment to GIF

Convert a real video to an optimized GIF (2-pass)

Apply echo to audio

Apply reverb to audio

Combine video with silent audio

Crossfade between two audio files

Stack videos vertically

Overlay a transparent PNG on a video

Add background noise to an audio signal

Apply a waveform visualization of an audio file to video

Apply audio ducking (reduce music volume when voice is active)

Replace green screen with background

Slide transition between two videos

Create a kaleidoscope effect

Capture from webcam (macOS example, AVFoundation)

Capture from webcam and microphone simultaneously (macOS)

Add white noise to a silent video

Create looping waveform video of a short audio clip

Simulate VHS-style distortion

Create pulsing zoom effect

Apply basic color grading (increase contrast and saturation)

Apply a sepia filter

Burn hardcoded subtitles into video

Create subtitles from text manually (no .srt needed)

Live timestamp overlay on webcam (macOS example)

Animated typewriter text effect

Add soft vignette effect

Add subtitles with background box

Add scrolling subtitles (ticker style)

Overlay live input onto a background video (picture-in-picture from webcam)

Create a meme-style image with top and bottom text

Meme-style video with top text

Add thick black stroke (outline) around meme text

Add emoji or special characters as text

Dynamically update text based on timestamp

Meme with uppercase impact-style font

Overlay a meme caption image (e.g. rage face)

Create video meme with top and bottom captions and aspect padding

Animated meme: flashing text effect

Meme with vertical split text: two-part reaction

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