Closes gh-32449

Closes gh-32451

Closes gh-32455

Closes gh-32405

See gh-32405

Closes gh-32476

(cherry picked from commit 42a4f28)

Closes gh-32473

(cherry picked from commit cd7ba18)

Closes gh-32601

(cherry picked from commit c5590ae)

Prior to this commit, MethodIntrospector failed to properly detect
bridge methods for subsequent invocations of selectMethods() with the
same targetType and MetadataLookup, if such subsequent invocations
occurred after the ApplicationContext had been refreshed.

The reason this occurs is due to the following.

- Class#getDeclaredMethods() always returns "child copies" of the
  underlying Method instances -- which means that `equals()` should be
  used instead of `==` whenever the compared Method instances can come
  from different sources (such as the static caches mentioned below).

- BridgeMethodResolver caches resolved bridge methods in a static cache
  -- which is never cleared.

- ReflectionUtils caches declared methods in a static cache
  -- which gets cleared when an ApplicationContext is refreshed.

Consequently, if you attempt to load an ApplicationContext twice in the
same ClassLoader, the second attempt uses the existing, populated cache
for bridged methods but a cleared, empty cache for declared methods.
This results in new invocations of Class#getDeclaredMethods(), and
identity checks with `==` then fail to detect equivalent bridge methods.

This commit addresses this by additionally comparing bridge methods
using `equals()` in MethodIntrospector.selectMethods().

Note that the `==` checks remain in place as an optimization for when
`equals()` is unnecessary.

Closes gh-32586

(cherry picked from commit e702733)

Closes gh-32594

This commit refines the expressions for the scheme, user info, host and
port parts of the URL in UriComponentsBuilder to better conform to
RFC 3986.

Fixes gh-32618