Introducing a module sage.interfaces.abc with abstract base classes for isinstance testing (see https://doc.sagemath.org/html/en/developer/packaging_sage_library.html#module-level-runtime-dependencies)

Part of #32414

Depends on #34770
Depends on #34823

CC: @dimpase @kwankyu

Component: refactoring

Author: Matthias Koeppe, Dima Pasechnik

Branch/Commit: b9eac04

Reviewer: Dima Pasechnik

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/34804