.. module:: site
   :synopsis: Module responsible for site-specific configuration.

Source code: :source:`Lib/site.py`

This module is automatically imported during initialization. The automatic import can be suppressed using the interpreter's :option:`-S` option.

.. index:: triple: module; search; path

Importing this module normally appends site-specific paths to the module search path and adds :ref:`callables <site-consts>`, including :func:`help` to the built-in namespace. However, Python startup option :option:`-S` blocks this and this module can be safely imported with no automatic modifications to the module search path or additions to the builtins. To explicitly trigger the usual site-specific additions, call the :func:`main` function.

.. versionchanged:: 3.3
   Importing the module used to trigger paths manipulation even when using
   :option:`-S`.

.. index::
   pair: site-packages; directory

It starts by constructing up to four directories from a head and a tail part. For the head part, it uses sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix; empty heads are skipped. For the tail part, it uses the empty string and then :file:`lib/site-packages` (on Windows) or :file:`lib/python{X.Y[t]}/site-packages` (on Unix and macOS). (The optional suffix "t" indicates the :term:`free-threaded build`, and is appended if "t" is present in the :data:`sys.abiflags` constant.) For each of the distinct head-tail combinations, it sees if it refers to an existing directory, and if so, adds it to sys.path and also inspects the newly added path for configuration files.

.. versionchanged:: 3.5
   Support for the "site-python" directory has been removed.

.. versionchanged:: 3.13
   On Unix, :term:`Free threading <free threading>` Python installations are
   identified by the "t" suffix in the version-specific directory name, such as
   :file:`lib/python3.13t/`.

.. versionchanged:: 3.14

   :mod:`!site` is no longer responsible for updating :data:`sys.prefix` and
   :data:`sys.exec_prefix` on :ref:`sys-path-init-virtual-environments`. This is
   now done during the :ref:`path initialization <sys-path-init>`. As a result,
   under :ref:`sys-path-init-virtual-environments`, :data:`sys.prefix` and
   :data:`sys.exec_prefix` no longer depend on the :mod:`!site` initialization,
   and are therefore unaffected by :option:`-S`.

When running under a :ref:`virtual environment <sys-path-init-virtual-environments>`, the pyvenv.cfg file in :data:`sys.prefix` is checked for site-specific configurations. If the include-system-site-packages key exists and is set to true (case-insensitive), the system-level prefixes will be searched for site-packages, otherwise they won't. If the system-level prefixes are not searched then the user site prefixes are also implicitly not searched for site-packages.

.. index::
   single: # (hash); comment
   pair: statement; import

A path configuration file is a file whose name has the form :file:`{name}.pth` and exists in one of the four directories mentioned above; its contents are additional items (one per line) to be added to sys.path. Non-existing items are never added to sys.path, and no check is made that the item refers to a directory rather than a file. No item is added to sys.path more than once. Blank lines and lines beginning with # are skipped. Lines starting with import (followed by space or tab) are executed.

.. versionchanged:: 3.13
   The :file:`.pth` files are now decoded by UTF-8 at first and then by the
   :term:`locale encoding` if it fails.

.. index::
   single: package
   triple: path; configuration; file

For example, suppose sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix are set to :file:`/usr/local`. The Python X.Y library is then installed in :file:`/usr/local/lib/python{X.Y}`. Suppose this has a subdirectory :file:`/usr/local/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages` with three subsubdirectories, :file:`foo`, :file:`bar` and :file:`spam`, and two path configuration files, :file:`foo.pth` and :file:`bar.pth`. Assume :file:`foo.pth` contains the following:

# foo package configuration

foo
bar
bletch

and :file:`bar.pth` contains:

# bar package configuration

bar

Then the following version-specific directories are added to sys.path, in this order:

/usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/bar
/usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages/foo

Note that :file:`bletch` is omitted because it doesn't exist; the :file:`bar` directory precedes the :file:`foo` directory because :file:`bar.pth` comes alphabetically before :file:`foo.pth`; and :file:`spam` is omitted because it is not mentioned in either path configuration file.

.. module:: sitecustomize

After these path manipulations, an attempt is made to import a module named :mod:`!sitecustomize`, which can perform arbitrary site-specific customizations. It is typically created by a system administrator in the site-packages directory. If this import fails with an :exc:`ImportError` or its subclass exception, and the exception's :attr:`~ImportError.name` attribute equals 'sitecustomize', it is silently ignored. If Python is started without output streams available, as with :file:`pythonw.exe` on Windows (which is used by default to start IDLE), attempted output from :mod:`!sitecustomize` is ignored. Any other exception causes a silent and perhaps mysterious failure of the process.

.. module:: usercustomize

After this, an attempt is made to import a module named :mod:`!usercustomize`, which can perform arbitrary user-specific customizations, if :data:`~site.ENABLE_USER_SITE` is true. This file is intended to be created in the user site-packages directory (see below), which is part of sys.path unless disabled by :option:`-s`. If this import fails with an :exc:`ImportError` or its subclass exception, and the exception's :attr:`~ImportError.name` attribute equals 'usercustomize', it is silently ignored.

Note that for some non-Unix systems, sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix are empty, and the path manipulations are skipped; however the import of :mod:`sitecustomize` and :mod:`!usercustomize` is still attempted.

.. currentmodule:: site

On systems that support :mod:`readline`, this module will also import and configure the :mod:`rlcompleter` module, if Python is started in :ref:`interactive mode <tut-interactive>` and without the :option:`-S` option. The default behavior is to enable tab completion and to use :file:`~/.python_history` as the history save file. To disable it, delete (or override) the :data:`sys.__interactivehook__` attribute in your :mod:`sitecustomize` or :mod:`usercustomize` module or your :envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` file.

.. versionchanged:: 3.4
   Activation of rlcompleter and history was made automatic.

.. data:: PREFIXES

   A list of prefixes for site-packages directories.

.. data:: ENABLE_USER_SITE

   Flag showing the status of the user site-packages directory.  ``True`` means
   that it is enabled and was added to ``sys.path``.  ``False`` means that it
   was disabled by user request (with :option:`-s` or
   :envvar:`PYTHONNOUSERSITE`).  ``None`` means it was disabled for security
   reasons (mismatch between user or group id and effective id) or by an
   administrator.

.. data:: USER_SITE

   Path to the user site-packages for the running Python.  Can be ``None`` if
   :func:`getusersitepackages` hasn't been called yet.  Default value is
   :file:`~/.local/lib/python{X.Y}[t]/site-packages` for UNIX and non-framework
   macOS builds, :file:`~/Library/Python/{X.Y}/lib/python/site-packages` for macOS
   framework builds, and :file:`{%APPDATA%}\\Python\\Python{XY}\\site-packages`
   on Windows.  The optional "t" indicates the free-threaded build.  This
   directory is a site directory, which means that :file:`.pth` files in it
   will be processed.

.. data:: USER_BASE

   Path to the base directory for the user site-packages.  Can be ``None`` if
   :func:`getuserbase` hasn't been called yet.  Default value is
   :file:`~/.local` for UNIX and macOS non-framework builds,
   :file:`~/Library/Python/{X.Y}` for macOS framework builds, and
   :file:`{%APPDATA%}\\Python` for Windows.  This value is used to
   compute the installation directories for scripts, data files, Python modules,
   etc. for the :ref:`user installation scheme <sysconfig-user-scheme>`.
   See also :envvar:`PYTHONUSERBASE`.

.. function:: main()

   Adds all the standard site-specific directories to the module search
   path.  This function is called automatically when this module is imported,
   unless the Python interpreter was started with the :option:`-S` flag.

   .. versionchanged:: 3.3
      This function used to be called unconditionally.

.. function:: addsitedir(sitedir, known_paths=None)

   Add a directory to sys.path and process its :file:`.pth` files.  Typically
   used in :mod:`sitecustomize` or :mod:`usercustomize` (see above).

.. function:: getsitepackages()

   Return a list containing all global site-packages directories.

   .. versionadded:: 3.2

.. function:: getuserbase()

   Return the path of the user base directory, :data:`USER_BASE`.  If it is not
   initialized yet, this function will also set it, respecting
   :envvar:`PYTHONUSERBASE`.

   .. versionadded:: 3.2

.. function:: getusersitepackages()

   Return the path of the user-specific site-packages directory,
   :data:`USER_SITE`.  If it is not initialized yet, this function will also set
   it, respecting :data:`USER_BASE`.  To determine if the user-specific
   site-packages was added to ``sys.path`` :data:`ENABLE_USER_SITE` should be
   used.

   .. versionadded:: 3.2

.. program:: site

The :mod:`!site` module also provides a way to get the user directories from the command line:

$ python -m site --user-site
/home/user/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages

If it is called without arguments, it will print the contents of :data:`sys.path` on the standard output, followed by the value of :data:`USER_BASE` and whether the directory exists, then the same thing for :data:`USER_SITE`, and finally the value of :data:`ENABLE_USER_SITE`.

.. option:: --user-base

   Print the path to the user base directory.

.. option:: --user-site

   Print the path to the user site-packages directory.

If both options are given, user base and user site will be printed (always in this order), separated by :data:`os.pathsep`.

If any option is given, the script will exit with one of these values: 0 if the user site-packages directory is enabled, 1 if it was disabled by the user, 2 if it is disabled for security reasons or by an administrator, and a value greater than 2 if there is an error.

.. seealso::

   * :pep:`370` -- Per user site-packages directory
   * :ref:`sys-path-init` -- The initialization of :data:`sys.path`.