Manual CAROTENE_NEON_ARCH was introduced in #24271.
__ARM_ARCH marco is standard way and do not require extra options on user side:

• ARM: https://developer.arm.com/documentation/dui0774/g/chr1383660321827
• MSVC: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/preprocessor/predefined-macros?view=msvc-170

Pull Request Readiness Checklist

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

• I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
• To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
• The PR is proposed to the proper branch
• There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
• There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
  Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
• The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake