Pull Request Readiness Checklist

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

• I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
• To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or other license that is incompatible with OpenCV
• The PR is proposed to proper branch
• The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

On Java there are no signed type so the Java binding just handles CV_8U as CV_8S and CV_16U as CV_16S
The Objective-C/Swift binding mostly just followed the Java binding as much as possible so the original implementation also does not have good handling for CV_8U and CV_16U.
This PR:

• adds Mat.put/Mat.get functions for Swift/Kotlin using the relevant unsigned types (UInt8/Uint16/UByte/UShort)
• updates other functions to use the new Mat.put/Mat.get functions
• fixes a bug in the Objective-C [Mat put:(int)row col:(int)col data:(NSArray<NSNumber*>*)data] implementation
• adds tests for the new unsigned put/get functions on Swift

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buildworker:iOS=macosx-2
build_image:Custom Mac=osx_framework-test
buildworker:Custom Mac=macosx-1
allow_multiple_commits=1