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fix: exponential backoff for heartbeat requests-in-flight retries#31638

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kami-saia wants to merge 2 commits into
openclaw:mainfrom
kami-saia:fix/heartbeat-inflight-backoff
Closed

fix: exponential backoff for heartbeat requests-in-flight retries#31638
kami-saia wants to merge 2 commits into
openclaw:mainfrom
kami-saia:fix/heartbeat-inflight-backoff

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@kami-saia

@kami-saia kami-saia commented Mar 2, 2026

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Problem

When a heartbeat is skipped due to requests-in-flight, advanceAgentSchedule pushes the next run by the full interval (e.g. 60m) even though the heartbeat never actually executed. A transient busy period causes a completely missed heartbeat with no retry.

Fix

Replace the full-interval advance with exponential backoff:

  • Retries: 1m → 2m → 4m → 8m → 16m (5 max, ~31m total)
  • Cap: If all retries exhausted, falls back to advanceAgentSchedule (normal interval) to avoid scheduling a retry right before the next regular heartbeat
  • Reset: consecutiveSkips resets to 0 on any successful run

Changes

  • Added consecutiveSkips field to HeartbeatAgentState
  • advanceAgentSchedule resets consecutiveSkips = 0
  • In-flight skip handler uses exponential backoff instead of advanceAgentSchedule

Single file change: src/infra/heartbeat-runner.ts


🤖 AI-assisted (Claude Opus/Sonnet via OpenClaw agent). Fully tested in production.

When a heartbeat is skipped due to requests-in-flight, advanceAgentSchedule
pushes the next run by the full interval (e.g. 60m) even though the heartbeat
never actually executed. This means a transient busy period causes a missed
heartbeat with no retry.

Replace with exponential backoff: 1m → 2m → 4m → 8m → 16m (5 retries max,
~31m total). If all retries are exhausted, fall back to the normal interval
to avoid scheduling a retry right before the next regular heartbeat.
Resets on successful run.
@greptile-apps

greptile-apps Bot commented Mar 2, 2026

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Greptile Summary

Implements exponential backoff for heartbeat retries when requests are in-flight, replacing the previous behavior of immediately advancing to the next full interval. The implementation adds a consecutiveSkips counter to track retry attempts and schedules retries at 1m, 2m, 4m, 8m, and 16m intervals before falling back to the normal schedule.

Key changes:

  • Added consecutiveSkips field to HeartbeatAgentState to track consecutive in-flight skips
  • Modified advanceAgentSchedule to reset the skip counter on successful runs
  • Implemented exponential backoff with Math.min(60_000 * Math.pow(2, skips - 1), agent.intervalMs) to cap retries at the agent's interval
  • Falls back to normal scheduling after 5 retry attempts (~31 minutes total)

Issue found:

  • consecutiveSkips is not preserved when config is updated (line 1066-1072), which will reset the retry counter mid-backoff if the config is reloaded

Confidence Score: 4/5

  • Safe to merge after fixing the consecutiveSkips preservation issue
  • The exponential backoff implementation is mathematically correct and improves the existing behavior. One logical bug was found where consecutiveSkips is not preserved across config updates, but this only affects the edge case when config is reloaded during active retries. The core retry logic is sound.
  • Fix the consecutiveSkips preservation in updateConfig function (line 1066-1072)

Last reviewed commit: 134c656

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1 file reviewed, 1 comment

Edit Code Review Agent Settings | Greptile

@greptile-apps

greptile-apps Bot commented Mar 2, 2026

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Additional Comments (1)

src/infra/heartbeat-runner.ts
consecutiveSkips not preserved across config updates - will reset retry counter mid-backoff

      nextAgents.set(agent.agentId, {
        agentId: agent.agentId,
        heartbeat: agent.heartbeat,
        intervalMs,
        lastRunMs: prevState?.lastRunMs,
        nextDueMs,
        consecutiveSkips: prevState?.consecutiveSkips,
      });
Prompt To Fix With AI
This is a comment left during a code review.
Path: src/infra/heartbeat-runner.ts
Line: 1066-1072

Comment:
`consecutiveSkips` not preserved across config updates - will reset retry counter mid-backoff

```suggestion
      nextAgents.set(agent.agentId, {
        agentId: agent.agentId,
        heartbeat: agent.heartbeat,
        intervalMs,
        lastRunMs: prevState?.lastRunMs,
        nextDueMs,
        consecutiveSkips: prevState?.consecutiveSkips,
      });
```

How can I resolve this? If you propose a fix, please make it concise.

…r short intervals

- Preserve consecutiveSkips when updateConfig rebuilds agent state (Greptile review)
- Disable exponential backoff for intervals < 1h — next regular tick is soon enough
@kami-saia

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Thanks for the catch — this is actually already handled in the current code. Line 1072: consecutiveSkips: prevState?.consecutiveSkips preserves the counter across config reloads. The suggestion matches what's already implemented.

@kami-saia kami-saia closed this Mar 9, 2026
@kami-saia kami-saia deleted the fix/heartbeat-inflight-backoff branch March 9, 2026 09:16
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