openclaw
diff --git a/‎CHANGELOG.md‎
Lines changed: 1 addition & 1 deletion b/‎CHANGELOG.md‎
Lines changed: 1 addition & 1 deletion
diff --git a/‎src/cli/devices-cli.lazy.test.ts‎
Lines changed: 71 additions & 0 deletions b/‎src/cli/devices-cli.lazy.test.ts‎
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai
 
 ### Fixes
 
-- CLI: lazy-load model and plugin runtime helpers for command actions so parent/help output renders without importing those runtime paths.
+- CLI: lazy-load model, plugin, and device runtime helpers for command actions so parent/help output renders without importing those runtime paths.
 - Gateway/session history: carry monotonic transcript message sequence through live updates and refresh SSE history when stale sequence input would otherwise append bad incremental state. (#81474) Thanks @samzong.
 - Security/sandbox: include Windows `USERPROFILE` in the sandbox blocked home roots so credential-bearing binds (such as `.codex`, `.openclaw`, or `.ssh` under the Windows user profile) are denied even when `HOME` points at a different shell home. (#63074) Thanks @luoyanglang.
 - Models config/auth: stop inferring provider env-var markers from broad `^[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*$` strings, and resolve config-backed provider `apiKey` values only through structured env SecretRefs (`secrets.providers[id]` / `secrets.defaults`), so unrelated env vars cannot accidentally become provider credentials. Thanks @sallyom.
 
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import { Command } from "commander";
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+describe("devices cli lazy runtime boundary", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.resetModules();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.doUnmock("./devices-cli.runtime.js");
+    vi.resetModules();
+  });
+
+  it("renders parent help without importing the devices runtime", async () => {
+    const runtimeLoaded = vi.fn();
+    vi.doMock("./devices-cli.runtime.js", () => {
+      runtimeLoaded();
+      return {
+        runDevicesApproveCommand: vi.fn(),
+        runDevicesClearCommand: vi.fn(),
+        runDevicesListCommand: vi.fn(),
+        runDevicesRejectCommand: vi.fn(),
+        runDevicesRemoveCommand: vi.fn(),
+        runDevicesRevokeCommand: vi.fn(),
+        runDevicesRotateCommand: vi.fn(),
+      };
+    });
+
+    const { registerDevicesCli } = await import("./devices-cli.js");
+    const program = new Command();
+    program.exitOverride();
+    program.configureOutput({
+      writeErr: () => {},
+      writeOut: () => {},
+    });
+    registerDevicesCli(program);
+
+    await expect(program.parseAsync(["devices", "--help"], { from: "user" })).rejects.toMatchObject(
+      {
+        exitCode: 0,
+      },
+    );
+    expect(runtimeLoaded).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("loads the devices runtime for command actions", async () => {
+    const runDevicesListCommand = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    const runtimeLoaded = vi.fn();
+    vi.doMock("./devices-cli.runtime.js", () => {
+      runtimeLoaded();
+      return {
+        runDevicesApproveCommand: vi.fn(),
+        runDevicesClearCommand: vi.fn(),
+        runDevicesListCommand,
+        runDevicesRejectCommand: vi.fn(),
+        runDevicesRemoveCommand: vi.fn(),
+        runDevicesRevokeCommand: vi.fn(),
+        runDevicesRotateCommand: vi.fn(),
+      };
+    });
+
+    const { registerDevicesCli } = await import("./devices-cli.js");
+    const program = new Command();
+    registerDevicesCli(program);
+
+    await program.parseAsync(["devices", "list", "--json"], { from: "user" });
+
+    expect(runtimeLoaded).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(runDevicesListCommand).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({ json: true }));
+  });
+});