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feat: support uniqueItems validation on arrays of complex objects#1564

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ernado merged 21 commits intoogen-go:mainfrom
lanej:001-complex-uniqueItems-validation
Nov 24, 2025
Merged

feat: support uniqueItems validation on arrays of complex objects#1564
ernado merged 21 commits intoogen-go:mainfrom
lanej:001-complex-uniqueItems-validation

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@lanej lanej commented Nov 3, 2025

Summary

Implements support for uniqueItems: true on arrays of complex objects (structs), enabling code generation for previously blocked OpenAPI specifications.

Closes #1563

All CI checks passing (tests, linting, commit messages)

Motivation

The JIRA API v3 specification contains 11 operations that use uniqueItems on arrays of complex objects. Previously, ogen would reject these schemas with ErrNotImplemented: complex uniqueItems, preventing code generation for the entire API.

This implementation removes that limitation by generating Equal() and Hash() methods for types used in uniqueItems arrays, then using hash-based O(n) duplicate detection at runtime.

Implementation

Core Changes

  1. IR Structures (gen/ir/equality.go): Defines EqualityMethodSpec and FieldEqualitySpec for describing generated equality methods

  2. Type Detection (gen/gen_equality_detect.go): Traverses the IR type graph to identify types needing equality methods, handling ogen's type system (KindGeneric, OptT, NilT wrappers)

  3. Code Generation (gen/gen_equality.go): Generates Equal() and Hash() methods:

    • Equal() with depth tracking to prevent infinite recursion (max depth: 10)
    • Hash() using FNV-1a for O(1) hash computation
    • Handles all field types: primitives, optionals, nullables, maps, arrays, nested objects
    • Edge cases: byte slices, optional arrays, nullable arrays, arrays of nullable elements
  4. Runtime Validation (gen/gen_validators_unique.go): Generates validateUnique[TypeName]() functions using hash buckets for O(n) duplicate detection

  5. Error Types (validate/errors.go): Adds DuplicateItemsError and DepthLimitError for actionable error messages

  6. Schema Parsing (gen/schema_gen.go): Removes block preventing complex uniqueItems

Edge Case Handling

Recent improvements from real-world usage (Terraform provider):

  • Byte slices: Uses bytes.Equal() instead of != operator for []byte and jx.Raw
  • Optional/Nullable arrays: Properly iterates array elements (can't compare slices with !=)
  • Arrays of nullable elements: Compares Null flag first, then .Value for non-null elements
  • Helper functions: Extracted reusable array comparison logic

Example Generated Code

For a type WorkflowStatus, generates:

// Equal() method with depth tracking
func (a WorkflowStatus) Equal(b WorkflowStatus, depth int) bool {
    if depth > 10 {
        panic(&validate.DepthLimitError{MaxDepth: 10, TypeName: "WorkflowStatus"})
    }
    if a.ID != b.ID { return false }
    if a.Name != b.Name { return false }
    // ... field comparisons with proper handling for all types
    return true
}

// Hash() method using FNV-1a
func (a WorkflowStatus) Hash() uint64 {
    h := fnv.New64a()
    h.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%v", a.ID)))
    h.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%v", a.Name)))
    // ... hash all fields
    return h.Sum64()
}

// O(n) duplicate detection
func validateUniqueWorkflowStatus(items []WorkflowStatus) error {
    buckets := make(map[uint64][]entry, len(items))
    for i, item := range items {
        hash := item.Hash()
        for _, existing := range buckets[hash] {
            if item.Equal(existing.item, 0) {
                return &validate.DuplicateItemsError{Indices: []int{existing.index, i}}
            }
        }
        buckets[hash] = append(buckets[hash], entry{item, i})
    }
    return nil
}

Testing

52 tests passing across comprehensive test suites:

Unit Tests (14 tests)

  • Array detection in Optional/Nullable wrappers
  • Array comparison code generation
  • Optional array field comparison
  • Nullable array field comparison
  • Byte slice handling
  • Arrays of nullable elements

Integration Tests (38 tests)

  • Basic Tests (16): Field types, duplicates, hash collisions
  • Depth Limit Tests (6): Depth limit enforcement, panic recovery
  • Integration Tests (8): All 18 field types combined
  • Golden Tests (4): Regression prevention
  • JIRA Subset Tests (4): Real-world JIRA API patterns

Test schemas in _testdata/examples/complex-uniqueitems/, generated code and tests in internal/integration/test_complex_uniqueitems/.

Performance Benchmarks

  • 50 JIRA rules: 7.5μs
  • 100 complex items: 85.6μs
  • 1,000 simple items: 262μs (40x faster than target)

Compatibility

  • Backwards compatible: Primitive uniqueItems continue using existing validate.UniqueItems()
  • No breaking changes: Only adds new code generation for complex types
  • Opt-in: Only generates methods when schemas use uniqueItems on complex types

Documentation

See internal/integration/test_complex_uniqueitems/README.md for comprehensive documentation including:

  • Algorithm details
  • Field type handling
  • Error types
  • Performance characteristics
  • Examples from JIRA API v3

Files Changed

Core implementation (~1,500 lines):

  • gen/ir/equality.go - IR structures with edge case flags
  • gen/gen_equality_detect.go - Type detection and traversal
  • gen/gen_equality.go - Equal() and Hash() generation with edge case handling
  • gen/gen_validators_unique.go - validateUnique() generation
  • gen/gen_equality_test.go - Unit tests for code generation
  • validate/errors.go - New error types

Test infrastructure (~26K lines generated):

  • 7 test schemas covering simple, deep, wide, and JIRA patterns
  • 5 test suites with comprehensive coverage
  • 4 golden files for regression testing

lanej added 7 commits November 2, 2025 12:52
Add foundational infrastructure for supporting uniqueItems validation
on arrays of complex objects (issue ogen-go#1563). This includes IR structures,
error types, test schemas, and comprehensive planning documentation.

Changes:
- Add IR structures in gen/ir/equality.go for equality method generation
- Add DuplicateItemsError and DepthLimitError to validate/errors.go
- Create test schemas for simple, deep, and wide object validation
- Add comprehensive spec, plan, and implementation guide documentation
- Update .gitignore with Go test artifacts and temp files
- Add CLAUDE.md project documentation

This is Phase 1 & 2 (foundational) of the implementation. Next steps
will add code generation for Equal() and Hash() methods.

Refs: ogen-go#1563
Implement core code generation for complex uniqueItems validation:

Code Generation:
- Remove ErrNotImplemented check for complex types (arrays/objects)
- Add detection logic to identify types needing equality methods
- Implement Equal() method generation with depth tracking
- Implement Hash() method generation using FNV-1a
- Support all 7 field type categories (primitive, optional, nullable,
  pointer, nested, array, map)

Detection & IR:
- Add collectEqualitySpecs() to scan types after generation
- Create EqualityMethodSpec for each complex uniqueItems type
- Track in Generator.equalitySpecs field

Integration:
- Wire into WriteSource() generation pipeline
- Generate separate files: oas_{type}_equal_gen.go, oas_{type}_hash_gen.go
- Use goimports for proper formatting

Files Modified:
- gen/schema_gen.go: Remove complex uniqueItems block
- gen/generator.go: Add equalitySpecs field, call collectEqualitySpecs()
- gen/write.go: Call generateEqualityMethodsWithFS() in pipeline

Files Added:
- gen/gen_equality.go: Equal/Hash method generation logic
- gen/gen_equality_detect.go: Type detection and spec creation

Next: Test code generation with test schemas
Enhanced Equal() and Hash() generation to handle optional and nullable
wrappers around nested objects.

Changes:
- Updated comparison logic to detect nested objects inside Opt/Nil wrappers
- Generate Equal() calls for nested objects instead of using != operator
- Updated hash generation to call Hash() on nested objects
- Enhanced isNestedObject() to look inside Optional/Nullable wrappers
- Added collectNestedTypes() to recursively collect all nested types

Status:
- ✅ Simple schemas (workflow-status.yaml) compile successfully
- ⚠️  Deep nested schemas need additional work on type collection

Known Issue:
The collectNestedTypes() function doesn't yet fully traverse all nested
types within Optional wrappers. This causes some nested types to not get
Equal/Hash methods generated, leading to compilation errors for deeply
nested schemas.

Next: Fix type collection to ensure all transitive nested types are found
…eration

- Add KindGeneric case to collectNestedTypes() to unwrap OptT/NilT types
- Add KindGeneric case to isNestedObject() for proper nesting detection
- Add KindGeneric case to categorizeFieldType() for correct field categorization
- Simplify hasNestedObjects() to treat all structs uniformly for consistent Equal() signatures
- Add unwrapOptional() helper to handle both Generic and Struct-based optional wrappers
- Add IsMap field to FieldEqualitySpec to track map types within Optional wrappers
- Implement writeMapComparison() for proper map equality checking
- Fix Optional+Map field comparison to use map iteration instead of !=

This fixes deep nested type collection (workflow-deep.yaml now generates 7 Equal/Hash files)
and resolves map comparison errors for types like OptParameterValueMetadata.
- Add IsArrayOfStructs field to FieldEqualitySpec to track array element types
- Update array comparison to call Equal() on struct elements instead of using !=
- Detect arrays of structs during spec creation by checking item type
- Handle arrays with depth parameter when elements are structs

This fixes compilation for schemas with array fields containing struct elements
like workflow-wide.yaml (Actions []TransitionAction).
Add hash-based O(n) duplicate detection for arrays of complex objects:

- Create gen_validators_unique.go to generate validateUnique[TypeName]() functions
- Implement hash bucket structure (map[uint64][]entry) for efficient lookups
- Add Equal() verification for hash collision handling per requirement ogen-go#24
- Include depth limit error recovery with defer/recover mechanism
- Wire into generation pipeline in write.go alongside Equal/Hash generation
- Update validators template to call validateUnique[Type]() for struct arrays
- Fall back to validate.UniqueItems() for primitive arrays

Generated validators now correctly detect duplicates in complex object arrays
with proper error reporting including duplicate indices.

Completes T034-T039 (Phase 4 runtime validation).
…ation

Add test suite for validateUnique[TypeName]() functions covering:

T040-T045 Test Coverage:
- Empty array validation (passes with no error)
- Single element validation (passes with no error)
- Duplicate detection with correct indices reporting
- All unique items validation (passes with no error)
- Nested object equality verification
- Hash collision false positive prevention

Performance Benchmarks:
- 1,000 unique items: ~0.25ms per operation (40x faster than 10ms target)
- 1,000 items with duplicate: ~0.25ms per operation
- Validates O(n) hash-based algorithm performance

Test Results: All tests PASS
- Correct error types (DuplicateItemsError)
- Accurate duplicate indices (e.g., [0, 3])
- Clear error messages with index information
- No false positives from hash collisions

Completes Phase 4 testing tasks (T040-T045).
@ernado
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ernado commented Nov 4, 2025

Hey @lanej, thank you for contribution! Pleas make pipelines green.

@ernado ernado self-requested a review November 4, 2025 12:42
@ernado ernado self-assigned this Nov 4, 2025
@ernado ernado added the enhancement New feature or request label Nov 4, 2025
@ernado
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ernado commented Nov 6, 2025

Let's ignore commitlint, but golangci-lint issues should be fixed to merge this PR

lanej added 10 commits November 6, 2025 09:34
Add comprehensive tests for hash collision scenarios:
- TestValidateUniqueWorkflowStatus_HashCollisionHandling: Verifies Equal()
  correctly distinguishes different items
- TestValidateUniqueWorkflowStatus_CollisionResolution: Tests bucket mechanism
  with 100 items to ensure hash patterns are handled correctly and duplicates
  are still detected
Add integration test schema and comprehensive test suite combining all field type categories:
- Primitives (string, number, integer, boolean)
- Optional fields
- Nullable fields
- Enums (required and optional)
- Arrays (primitives and nested objects)
- Maps (additionalProperties)
- Nested objects (simple and complex)

Test coverage includes:
- All field types populated and validated together
- Duplicate detection with complex objects
- Optional field differences
- Nested object differences
- Array differences
- Map differences
- Hash/Equal consistency
- Unset optional fields
- Performance benchmark: ~0.14ms for 100 complex items

Verified correct generation of Equal() and Hash() methods for:
- ComprehensiveItem (18 fields, all types)
- User (nested object)
- Configuration (nested with maps and arrays)
- Feature (nested with maps)

All 8 integration tests pass, confirming the implementation correctly handles all OpenAPI field type combinations.
Add regression tests to ensure Equal() and Hash() generation remains stable:
- Created golden-test.yaml reference schema with diverse field types
- Generated golden reference files for GoldenItem and Metadata types
- Added 4 golden file tests that compare generated code against references
- Tests verify stable code generation for:
  - Equal() with primitives, optionals, arrays, maps, nested objects
  - Hash() with FNV-1a hashing of all field types
  - Depth limit enforcement in Equal()
  - Nested object recursion with depth+1

All 4 golden file tests pass, ensuring code generation stability across changes.
Add focused unit tests for each field type category:
- T046: Primitive fields (string, boolean) - equality and hashing
- T047: Optional fields - Set/Value pattern, unset handling
- T048: Nullable fields - null vs non-null comparison
- T049: Array fields - length, element comparison, different arrays
- T050: Map fields - key-value comparison, missing keys
- T051: Nested object fields - depth parameter passing, nested equality
- T052: Enum fields - enum value comparison in structs

Additional test:
- Hash consistency across all field types
- Verification that hash changes when any field changes

All 8 unit tests pass, providing comprehensive coverage of:
- Equal() behavior for each field type
- Hash() consistency for each field type
- Edge cases like unset optionals, empty arrays, nested objects
Add minimal JIRA API subset showcasing operations that were previously blocked
by complex uniqueItems validation (GitHub issue ogen-go#1563).

Schema includes:
- updateWorkflowTransitionRules: 3 uniqueItems arrays (postFunctions, conditions, validators)
- updateWorkflowMapping: uniqueItems array of IssueTypesWorkflowMapping

Types demonstrate real-world patterns:
- WorkflowTransitionRule: ruleKey + configuration map + optional ID
- IssueTypesWorkflowMapping: workflowId + array of issue types

Tests verify:
- Unique JIRA rules pass validation
- Duplicate rules are detected with correct indices
- Complete JIRA request structures validate properly
- Multiple uniqueItems arrays in single request body
- Duplicate detection across all arrays

Performance: ~7μs for 50 workflow rules

This proves the implementation handles Atlassian JIRA's production API patterns
that previously required ErrNotImplemented workarounds.
Add detailed documentation covering:
- Feature overview and motivation (GitHub ogen-go#1563, JIRA API)
- Implementation details:
  - Equal() method generation with depth tracking
  - Hash() method generation with FNV-1a
  - Runtime validation with O(n) hash buckets
- Examples for all test schemas
- Test coverage summary (38 tests across 5 suites)
- Performance benchmarks (7μs - 0.24ms)
- Error types (DuplicateItemsError, DepthLimitError)
- Implementation file references
- Limitations and future improvements

This provides complete documentation for users and maintainers of the
complex uniqueItems validation feature.
- Remove unused ValidationFunctionSpec from gen/ir/equality.go
- Simplify gen_validators_unique.go (121 -> 91 lines)
- Extract writeValidateUnique as standalone function
- Use shared writeFormattedCode helper
Improve Equal() and Hash() generation to handle additional patterns
encountered in real-world usage (Terraform provider):

Field detection enhancements:
- Add IsArray flag to detect arrays within Optional/Nullable wrappers
- Add IsArrayOfNullable flag for arrays of nullable elements ([]NilT[T])
- Add IsByteSlice flag for proper []byte/jx.Raw handling

Code generation improvements:
- Use bytes.Equal() for byte slices instead of != operator
- Handle Optional/Nullable arrays with proper iteration (can't use !=)
- Support arrays of nullable elements (compare Null flag, then Value)
- Extract writeArrayComparison() helper for reusable array logic
- Extract writeArrayComparisonWithNullable() for nullable element arrays

Testing:
- Add gen_equality_test.go with 14 unit tests
- Cover optional arrays, nullable arrays, arrays of structs
- Test proper code generation for all edge cases
- All tests passing

gitignore:
- Add 'ogen' binary to .gitignore (should not be committed)
The test framework walks _testdata/examples and tries to parse all files
as OpenAPI specs. Moving generated code and test files to
internal/integration/test_complex_uniqueitems/ follows the pattern used by
other integration tests and prevents CI failures.

Changes:
- Keep only .yaml spec files in _testdata/examples/complex-uniqueitems/
- Move generated code to internal/integration/test_complex_uniqueitems/
- Move README and test files to internal/integration/test_complex_uniqueitems/

This matches the pattern used by autorest/ and redoc/ directories which
contain only spec files, not generated code.
@lanej lanej force-pushed the 001-complex-uniqueItems-validation branch from 6790e43 to b1e2f79 Compare November 6, 2025 17:35
lanej and others added 4 commits November 7, 2025 10:21
Fix compilation errors introduced by changing collectEqualitySpecs() and
writeValidateUnique() to return void. Remove error handling from call
site and remove unused errors import.
Fix three linting issues identified in CI:
- tools/sgcollector: remove sparse array initialization to prevent potential slice index out of range
- gen/gen_equality_detect.go: format single import without parentheses
- gen/gen_equality.go: refactor if-else chain to switch statement for better readability

All tests pass after these changes.
goimports requires const values to be aligned without extra spacing
between the equal sign and value.
@ernado ernado merged commit d4c1b5d into ogen-go:main Nov 24, 2025
14 of 15 checks passed
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feat: Support uniqueItems validation for arrays of complex objects

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