Rendered version. The first proof-of-concept of this work was presented at OCaml Workshop 2022.

The OCaml compiler distribution requires the Standard Library to be stored in a fixed location, specified when the compiler itself was compiled. Executables produced by the bytecode compiler (ocamlc) by default also require the interpreter (ocamlrun) and the Standard Library to be stored in a similarly-fixed location.

A consequence of this is that in order to "move" the compiler to a new location, it is necessary to build a new compiler from scratch, configured with the new location, and then recompile any bytecode executables which were built with the previous compiler.

This can be readily seen in opam today:

# Create an opam local switch
dra@Tau:~/work$ opam switch create . ocaml.5.3.0
...

# Report the Standard Library location from both builds of ocamlc
dra@Tau:~/work$ opam exec -- ocamlc.byte -where
/home/dra/work/_opam/lib/ocaml
dra@Tau:~/work$ opam exec -- ocamlc.opt -where
/home/dra/work/_opam/lib/ocaml

# Rename the directory
dra@Tau:~/work$ cd ..
dra@Tau:~$ mv work new-work
dra@Tau:~$ cd new-work

# Repeat the previous test
dra@Tau:~/new-work$ opam exec -- ocamlc.byte -where
Fatal error: exception /usr/local/bin/opam: "execvpe" failed on /home/dra/new-work/_opam/bin/ocamlc.byte: No such file or directory
dra@Tau:~/new-work$ opam exec -- ocamlc.opt -where
/home/dra/work/_opam/lib/ocaml

ocamlc.byte cannot be run, because the interpreter specified in its "shebang" line (#!/home/dra/work/_opam/bin/ocamlrun) no longer exists. ocamlc.opt can be run, but returns the original location of the Standard Library, which no longer exists, rather than the new location of the files in /home/dra/new-work/_opam/lib/ocaml.

Relocatable OCaml proposes to fix this. An intended consequence of the proposal here is that not only can the directory containing a compiler installation be moved, but it may also be copied, specifically:

# Create an opam local switch using Relocatable OCaml
dra@Tau:~/compiler1$ opam switch create . --repos=relocatable,default ocaml.5.3.0
...

# Clone it
dra@Tau:~/compiler1$ cd ..
dra@Tau:~$ cp -a compiler1 compiler2

# Report the Standard Library location from each directory, without using opam
dra@Tau:~$ compiler1/_opam/bin/ocamlc -where
/home/dra/compiler1/_opam/lib/ocaml
dra~Tau:~$ compiler2/_opam/bin/ocamlc -where
/home/dra/compiler2/_opam/lib/ocaml