* BUG: safer bincount casting

* Fixes numpy#28354

* Force usage of `npy_intp` type in `np.bincount()` and avoid
unsafe casting errors with i.e., `npy_uint64`. This is similar
to our behavior with indexing.

* MAINT, BUG: PR 28355 revisions

* `arr_bincount()` now only uses unsafe casting for integer
input types, and the number of casting operations has
been reduced for the code path used in above PR.

* a test for non-crashing behavior with non-contiguous
`bincount()` input has been added.

* MAINT, BUG: PR 28355 revisions

* Based on reviewer feedback, narrow the scope of the `flags`
variable in `arr_bincount()`.

* Based on reviewer feedback, add an array-like test for the `uint64`
casting issue, which indeed fails before and passes after adding
a similar shim to the array-like code path in `arr_bincount()`.

* Based on reviewer feedback, switch the patching from `PyArray_Size`
to `PyArray_Check` in a few places.

* Update numpy/_core/src/multiarray/compiled_base.c

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Co-authored-by: Sebastian Berg <sebastian@sipsolutions.net>