On Win 10
with CUDA 9.1.85 (found by vcpkg)
VS 2017 (15.4.5)
vcpkg 0.0.104-2018-02-07-d503a55412b3fa1b2b96ae0719286ee593f3d732
with portfiles and packages up to date
building OpenCV with feature package cuda fails:

PS C:\src\vcpkg> .\vcpkg.exe install opencv[cuda]:x64-windows
The following packages will be built and installed:
opencv[core,cuda]:x64-windows
Starting package 1/1: opencv:x64-windows
Building package opencv[core,cuda]:x64-windows...
-- CURRENT_INSTALLED_DIR=C:/src/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows
-- DOWNLOADS=C:/src/vcpkg/downloads
-- CURRENT_PACKAGES_DIR=C:/src/vcpkg/packages/opencv_x64-windows
-- CURRENT_BUILDTREES_DIR=C:/src/vcpkg/buildtrees/opencv
-- CURRENT_PORT_DIR=C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/.
-- Using cached C:/src/vcpkg/downloads/opencv-opencv-3.4.0.tar.gz
-- Testing integrity of cached file...
-- Testing integrity of cached file... OK
-- Extracting done
-- Applying patch C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/opencv-installation-options.patch
-- Applying patch failed. This is expected if this patch was previously applied.
-- Applying patch C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/opencv-installation-options.patch done
-- Applying patch C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/001-fix-uwp.patch
-- Applying patch failed. This is expected if this patch was previously applied.
-- Applying patch C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/001-fix-uwp.patch done
-- Applying patch C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/002-fix-uwp.patch
-- Applying patch failed. This is expected if this patch was previously applied.
-- Applying patch C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/002-fix-uwp.patch done
-- Applying patch C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/no-double-expand-enable-pylint.patch
-- Applying patch failed. This is expected if this patch was previously applied.
-- Applying patch C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/no-double-expand-enable-pylint.patch done
-- Applying patch C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/msvs-fix-2017-u5.patch
-- Applying patch failed. This is expected if this patch was previously applied.
-- Applying patch C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/msvs-fix-2017-u5.patch done
-- Applying patch C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/filesystem-uwp.patch
-- Applying patch failed. This is expected if this patch was previously applied.
-- Applying patch C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/filesystem-uwp.patch done
-- Using cached C:/src/vcpkg/downloads/opencv-opencv_contrib-3.4.0.tar.gz
-- Testing integrity of cached file...
-- Testing integrity of cached file... OK
-- Extracting done
-- Applying patch C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/open_contrib-remove-waldboost.patch
-- Applying patch failed. This is expected if this patch was previously applied.
-- Applying patch C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/open_contrib-remove-waldboost.patch done
-- Configuring x64-windows
-- Configuring x64-windows done
-- Build x64-windows-rel
CMake Error at C:/src/vcpkg/scripts/cmake/vcpkg_build_cmake.cmake:129 (message):
Command failed: C:/src/vcpkg/downloads/cmake-3.10.2-win32-x86/bin/cmake.exe;--build;.;--config;Release;--target;install;--;/p:VCPkgLocalAppDataDisabled=true;/p:UseIntelMKL=No
Working Directory: C:/src/vcpkg/buildtrees/opencv/x64-windows-rel
See logs for more information:
C:\src\vcpkg\buildtrees\opencv\install-x64-windows-rel-out.log

Call Stack (most recent call first):
C:/src/vcpkg/scripts/cmake/vcpkg_install_cmake.cmake:24 (vcpkg_build_cmake)
C:/src/vcpkg/ports/opencv/portfile.cmake:139 (vcpkg_install_cmake)
C:/src/vcpkg/scripts/ports.cmake:72 (include)

Error: Building package opencv:x64-windows failed with: BUILD_FAILED
Please ensure you're using the latest portfiles with .\vcpkg update, then
submit an issue at https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/issues including:
Package: opencv:x64-windows
Vcpkg version: 0.0.104-2018-02-07-d503a55412b3fa1b2b96ae0719286ee593f3d732

Additionally, attach any relevant sections from the log files above.

I think the most relevant section from the file "install-x64-windows-rel-out.log" is:
16>CustomBuild:
CMake Error at cuda_compile_generated_gpu_mat.cu.obj.cmake:206 (message):
Error generating
C:/src/vcpkg/buildtrees/opencv/x64-windows-rel/modules/core/CMakeFiles/cuda_compile.dir/src/cuda/Release/cuda_compile_generated_gpu_mat.cu.obj

I'll include the complete log file (sorry, german only).
install-x64-windows-rel-out.log