When running the `nix build`, the `buildRustPackage` function -- which builds
the `jj` crates -- calls `cargo build --release` with flags like `HOST_CXX`
set. This is called the `buildPhase`. Then, it runs the `checkPhase`, which
calls `cargo nextest`, in our case. However, it does not set `HOST_CXX`, for
some reason.

The intent of `buildRustPackage` is that the `buildPhase` and `checkPhase`
have their compilation options fully aligned so that they reuse the local cargo
`target/` cache directory, avoiding a full recompilation. However, the lack
of `HOST_CXX` above among others causes a cache miss, and a bunch of cascading
recompilations. The net impact is that we compile all of the codebase once in
`buildPhase`, then again in `checkPhase`, making the Nix CI build 2x slower on
average than the other Linux runners; 2-3 minutes versus 7 minutes, on average.

Instead, re-introduce a 'check' into the Flake directly, which overrides the
`jujustsu` package, but stubs out the `buildPhase`. This means it will only run
`checkPhase`, which is what we want. Then, modify the CI to run `nix flake check`
again, like it used to in the past.

Unfortunately, this doesn't fix the cache miss when running `nix build`
yourself, it recompiles from scratch in both phases still. That needs to be
fixed in the future, but it's tolerable for now.

This reverts most of 71a3045.

Signed-off-by: Austin Seipp <aseipp@pobox.com>