Add `--` flag to `maelstrom-go-test` to allowing passing of arbitrary arguments to the test binary

Anything after `--` should get passed to the test binaries. This is especially important with golang since they support reading these command-line flags from the tests.

**Definition of Done**
- [x] `CHANGELOG.md` updated.
- [x] Documentation in `doc/book/head` updated.
- [x] Issue is in the correct milestone.