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feat(Topology/Separation): define R₁ spaces, review API (#10085)
### Main API changes
- Define `R1Space`, a.k.a. preregular space.
- Drop `T2OrLocallyCompactRegularSpace`.
- Generalize all existing theorems
about `T2OrLocallyCompactRegularSpace` to `R1Space`.
- Drop the `[T2OrLocallyCompactRegularSpace _]` assumption
if the space is known to be regular for other reason
(e.g., because it's a topological group).
### New theorems
- `Specializes.not_disjoint`:
if `x ⤳ y`, then `𝓝 x` and `𝓝 y` aren't disjoint;
- `specializes_iff_not_disjoint`, `Specializes.inseparable`,
`disjoint_nhds_nhds_iff_not_inseparable`,
`r1Space_iff_inseparable_or_disjoint_nhds`: basic API about `R1Space`s;
- `Inducing.r1Space`, `R1Space.induced`, `R1Space.sInf`, `R1Space.iInf`,
`R1Space.inf`, instances for `Subtype _`, `X × Y`, and `∀ i, X i`:
basic instances for `R1Space`;
- `IsCompact.mem_closure_iff_exists_inseparable`,
`IsCompact.closure_eq_biUnion_inseparable`:
characterizations of the closure of a compact set in a preregular space;
- `Inseparable.mem_measurableSet_iff`: topologically inseparable points
can't be separated by a Borel measurable set;
- `IsCompact.closure_subset_measurableSet`, `IsCompact.measure_closure`:
in a preregular space, a measurable superset of a compact set
includes its closure as well;
as a corollary, `closure K` has the same measure as `K`.
- `exists_mem_nhds_isCompact_mapsTo_of_isCompact_mem_nhds`:
an auxiliary lemma extracted from a `LocallyCompactPair` instance;
- `IsCompact.isCompact_isClosed_basis_nhds`:
if `x` admits a compact neighborhood,
then it admits a basis of compact closed neighborhoods;
in particular, a weakly locally compact preregular space
is a locally compact regular space;
- `isCompact_isClosed_basis_nhds`: a version of the previous theorem
for weakly locally compact spaces;
- `exists_mem_nhds_isCompact_isClosed`: in a locally compact regular space,
each point admits a compact closed neighborhood.
### Deprecated theorems
Some theorems about topological groups are true for any (pre)regular space,
so we deprecate the special cases.
- `exists_isCompact_isClosed_subset_isCompact_nhds_one`:
use new `IsCompact.isCompact_isClosed_basis_nhds` instead;
- `instLocallyCompactSpaceOfWeaklyOfGroup`,
`instLocallyCompactSpaceOfWeaklyOfAddGroup`:
are now implied by `WeaklyLocallyCompactSpace.locallyCompactSpace`;
- `local_isCompact_isClosed_nhds_of_group`,
`local_isCompact_isClosed_nhds_of_addGroup`:
use `isCompact_isClosed_basis_nhds` instead;
- `exists_isCompact_isClosed_nhds_one`, `exists_isCompact_isClosed_nhds_zero`:
use `exists_mem_nhds_isCompact_isClosed` instead.
### Renamed/moved theorems
For each renamed theorem, the old theorem is redefined as a deprecated alias.
- `isOpen_setOf_disjoint_nhds_nhds`: moved to `Constructions`;
- `isCompact_closure_of_subset_compact` -> `IsCompact.closure_of_subset`;
- `IsCompact.measure_eq_infi_isOpen` -> `IsCompact.measure_eq_iInf_isOpen`;
- `exists_compact_superset_iff` -> `exists_isCompact_superset_iff`;
- `separatedNhds_of_isCompact_isCompact_isClosed` -> `SeparatedNhds.of_isCompact_isCompact_isClosed`;
- `separatedNhds_of_isCompact_isCompact` -> `SeparatedNhds.of_isCompact_isCompact`;
- `separatedNhds_of_finset_finset` -> `SeparatedNhds.of_finset_finset`;
- `point_disjoint_finset_opens_of_t2` -> `SeparatedNhds.of_singleton_finset`;
- `separatedNhds_of_isCompact_isClosed` -> `SeparatedNhds.of_isCompact_isClosed`;
- `exists_open_superset_and_isCompact_closure` -> `exists_isOpen_superset_and_isCompact_closure`;
- `exists_open_with_compact_closure` -> `exists_isOpen_mem_isCompact_closure`;
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