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Description
Notice: This DevSite page will soon be deleted per b/133171590. Please add this sample to GitHub if it is relevant still:
https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/python/guide/mocks
Using Mocks
The use of Mock objects is a standard testing methodology for Python and other object-oriented languages. This library defines Mock classes that simulate responses to API calls. You can use them to test how your code handles basic interactions with Google APIs.
Note: Many of the Python Client Library test scripts use these classes.HttpMock
This class simulates the response to a single HTTP request. As arguments, the constructor for the HttpMock object takes a dictionary object representing the response header and the path to a file. When this resource built on this object is executed, it simply returns contents of the file.
Example
This example uses HttpMock to simulate the basic
steps necessary to complete an API call to the Google
Books API. The first Mock HTTP returns a
status code of 200 and a file named
books-discovery.json, which is the discovery
document that describes the Books API. This file is a
necessary part of the building of the service object, which
takes place in the next few lines. The actual request is
executed using the second Mock object. This returns
the contents of books-android.json, the simulated
response.
from googleapiclient.discovery import build from googleapiclient.http import HttpMock import pprinthttp = HttpMock('books-discovery.json', {'status': '200'})
api_key = 'your_api_key'
service = build('books', 'v1', http=http, developerKey=api_key)
request = service.volumes().list(source='public', q='android')
http = HttpMock('books-android.json', {'status': '200'})
response = request.execute(http=http)
pprint.pprint(response)
Notes:
- To run this sample, it would not be necessary to
replace the placeholderyour_api_keywith an
actual key, since the Mock object does not actually call
the API.
- As you develop and test your application, it is a
good idea to save actual API responses in files like
books-discovery.jsonor
books-android.jsonfor use in testing.
- Notice that a second
HttpMockis created
to simulate the second HTTP call.
- The second use of the
executemethod
demonstrates how you can re-use the request object by
callingexecutewith another Mock object as
an argument. (This would also work with an actual HTTP
call.)
HttpMockSequence
The HttpMockSequence class simulates the sequence of HTTP responses. Each response consists of a header (a dictionary) and a content object (which can be a reference to a file, a JSON-like data structure defined inline, or one of the keywords listed below). When the resource built from this Mock object is executed, it returns the series of responses, one by one.
Special Values for simulated HTTP responses
Instead of a pre-defined object, your code can use one of the following keywords as the content object of a simulated HTTP response. At runtime, the Mock object returns the information described in the table.
| Keyword | Returns: |
|---|---|
echo_request_headers
|
the complete request headers |
echo_request_headers_as_json
|
the complete request headers as a json object |
echo_request_body
|
the request body |
echo_request_uri
|
the request uri |
Example
The following code snippet combines the two HTTP call
simulations from the previous snippet into a single Mock
object. The object created using
HttpMockSequence simulates the return of the
discovery document from the books.volume.list
service, then the return of the result of the 'android' query
(built in to the request object).
You could add code to this snippet to print the contents of
response, test that it returned successfully,
etc.
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from googleapiclient.http import HttpMockSequence
books_discovery = # Saved data from a build response
books_android = # Saved data from a request to list android volumes
http = HttpMockSequence([
({'status': '200'}, books_discovery),
({'status': '200'}, books_android)])
api_key = 'your_api_key'
service = build('books', 'v1',
http=http,
developerKey=your_api_key)
request = service.volumes().list(source='public', q='android')
response = request.execute()